一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十(shi)年代，世界上幾乎所有的(de)汽車所用的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都是鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大的(de)特點就(jiu)是隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)逐漸(jian)老化，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)降低(di)到他原本(ben)額定容量(liang)(liang)的(de)80%的(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)可(ke)能呈“跳水式(shi)”下降，這時盡(jin)管該電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能仍然能夠(gou)提(ti)供一定的(de)能量(liang)(liang)，但隨時可(ke)能報廢。在(zai)國(guo)際國(guo)內的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)行業，都把80%的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)一個(ge)臨界點，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)降低(di)到其原額定容量(liang)(liang)的(de)80%的(de)時候，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)需要(yao)更換(huan)了(le)。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)的傳統辦法就是放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)當下的實際容(rong)量，從而(er)判定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的健康(kang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。對于(yu)汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)協會（BCI）規定(ding)(ding)，在(zai)常溫下以1/2的額定(ding)(ding)冷起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值(zhi)進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)15秒（CCA），如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為9.6V以上，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就通(tong)過了(le)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實驗，是個健康(kang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的(de)方法以外加負載(zai)來(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)電池表現(xian)：

1、被(bei)測試的電池必須滿充，至少有12.4V，但沖(chong)滿電壓(ya)不是(shi)常數，由于測試原理是(shi)放電，必然導致(zhi)測量的結果(guo)變化；

2、對(dui)于同一個電池(chi)(chi)，無法連續重復測(ce)量(liang)，測(ce)試數據可能存在(zai)讀數誤(wu)差(cha)。因(yin)為(wei)放電過程(cheng)，被(bei)檢測(ce)的(de)電池(chi)(chi)在(zai)檢測(ce)后，必須重新充電，才能再次測(ce)量(liang)；

3、測試(shi)過程發出大(da)量的熱，連續(xu)測試(shi)，要配套(tao)散熱裝置；

4、測試過程要求測試者(zhe)訓(xun)練有(you)素，由于必須在放(fang)電15秒的(de)瞬間讀出(chu)電池的(de)電壓值，會對(dui)測試結論產生(sheng)影響。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正是(shi)(shi)(shi)由于(yu)傳統檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)手段不足的(de)(de)(de)原因，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)銷商以及汽(qi)車維修站、汽(qi)車經(jing)銷商常常將好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)作(zuo)為壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)退回給(gei)廠家，據美國的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)銷商INTERSTATE統計，在(zai)退回來的(de)(de)(de)所謂的(de)(de)(de)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，50%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)實際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需要的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)，而(er)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)更(geng)換(huan)，這(zhe)部分(fen)好電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為失誤的(de)(de)(de)判斷，無(wu)謂地往返于(yu)廠家和經(jing)銷商之間，白白造成彼此的(de)(de)(de)耗費。由于(yu)許多的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車維修網點缺乏高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)檢測工具，未能(neng)在(zai)車主(zhu)遇上(shang)問題前及時發現已經(jing)衰弱的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，從(cong)而(er)喪失了潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)銷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)會。傳統輔助(zhu)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)重指示、端電(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)測試手段反映的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況（SOC），而(er)非健康情(qing)況（SOJ），無(wu)法作(zuo)為檢驗電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否需要更(geng)換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)有效方法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)數據表明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量呈很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)線形關系(xi)。對(dui)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，隨(sui)著使用后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)下降，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)也會下降，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)線形關系(xi)正是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀能(neng)夠正確(que)(que)判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)健康(kang)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。正因為如此，國(guo)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程師(shi)協會（IEEE）正式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)測(ce)試(shi)法作為檢測(ce)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)標準(zhun)(zhun)之一(yi)(yi)，在標準(zhun)(zhun)IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確(que)(que)指(zhi)出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量是(shi)將已知頻率和(he)振(zhen)幅的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加(jia)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端，然后(hou)測(ce)量所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)就(jiu)是(shi)與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓同相的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流分(fen)量與交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)。明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)（下降大(da)于(yu)20%）就(jiu)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)隨著使用時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)，會逐漸老化(hua)，其老化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)正是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極(ji)表(biao)面發生硫(liu)化(hua)、腐蝕(shi)，活性材料(liao)脫(tuo)落，無(wu)法再進行(xing)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)，這是絕大部分電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)無(wu)法繼續(xu)使用的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)。電(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作原理(li)就是通(tong)過(guo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量極(ji)板表(biao)面離子的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，判定(ding)其化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)(ying)能(neng)力，并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)極(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)來推斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，從而判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)健康狀況(kuang)。電(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀所進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)工(gong)(gong)作，就是以(yi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際電(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完好(hao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)標準電(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)比(bi)較，如果差異大到一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度，就可以(yi)判定(ding)該電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)需要更(geng)換(huan)了。實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐(jian)證明，電(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)結果與(yu)用1/2的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)值(zhi)(zhi)（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)結果是吻合的(de)(de)(de)。相對傳統放電(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)，電(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)方(fang)法彌補了其不足之處。