一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九(jiu)十年(nian)代，世界(jie)上幾乎所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)是鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)就(jiu)是隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)老(lao)化(hua)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)降低(di)到他(ta)原本額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)時候，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)能呈“跳水式”下降，這時盡管該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能仍然能夠提供一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)，但(dan)隨時可(ke)能報廢。在國(guo)際國(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)行業，都(dou)把80%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)作(zuo)為鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)一個臨界(jie)點(dian)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)降低(di)到其原額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)時候，這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)需(xu)要更換(huan)了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判定電(dian)(dian)池健康狀況的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)辦(ban)法(fa)就是放電(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)來(lai)檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池當下的(de)實際容量，從而判定電(dian)(dian)池的(de)健康狀況。對(dui)于汽車電(dian)(dian)池來(lai)說(shuo)，國際電(dian)(dian)池協會(hui)（BCI）規定，在常溫(wen)下以(yi)1/2的(de)額定冷起動電(dian)(dian)流值進(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)15秒(miao)（CCA），如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓為9.6V以(yi)上，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池就通(tong)過(guo)了放電(dian)(dian)實驗，是個(ge)健康的(de)電(dian)(dian)池。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的方法以(yi)外加負載來檢(jian)測(ce)電池(chi)表現：

1、被測試的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池必(bi)須滿(man)(man)充，至少有(you)12.4V，但沖滿(man)(man)電(dian)(dian)壓不是常數，由于測試原理(li)是放電(dian)(dian)，必(bi)然導致(zhi)測量的(de)(de)結果(guo)變化；

2、對于同一個電池，無法(fa)連(lian)續(xu)重復(fu)測量，測試數據可(ke)能(neng)存在讀數誤差。因為放電過程(cheng)，被檢測的電池在檢測后，必須重新充電，才能(neng)再次測量；

3、測試(shi)過程發出大量的(de)熱，連(lian)續測試(shi)，要(yao)配套散(san)熱裝置；

4、測試過程(cheng)要求測試者(zhe)訓(xun)練有素，由于必須(xu)在放電(dian)15秒的瞬間讀(du)出電(dian)池的電(dian)壓值，會對測試結論產(chan)生影響(xiang)。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正是由于傳統檢測(ce)電池(chi)(chi)手段(duan)不足(zu)的(de)(de)原因(yin)，電池(chi)(chi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商以及汽(qi)車(che)(che)維修(xiu)站、汽(qi)車(che)(che)經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商常(chang)常(chang)將(jiang)好(hao)的(de)(de)電池(chi)(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)壞電池(chi)(chi)退回(hui)給廠家(jia)，據美國的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)電池(chi)(chi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商INTERSTATE統計(ji)，在(zai)退回(hui)來的(de)(de)所謂(wei)的(de)(de)壞電池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，50%的(de)(de)電池(chi)(chi)實際上是好(hao)的(de)(de)，這些電池(chi)(chi)需要的(de)(de)是充電，而不是更換，這部分好(hao)電池(chi)(chi)，只是因(yin)為(wei)失(shi)(shi)誤的(de)(de)判斷，無(wu)謂(wei)地(di)往返于廠家(jia)和經(jing)(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商之間，白白造成彼此的(de)(de)耗費。由于許多的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)維修(xiu)網點缺(que)乏高效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)檢測(ce)工具，未能在(zai)車(che)(che)主遇上問題(ti)前及時發現(xian)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)衰弱的(de)(de)電池(chi)(chi)，從而喪失(shi)(shi)了潛在(zai)的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)機會。傳統輔助使(shi)用的(de)(de)比重指示、端電壓(ya)等測(ce)試(shi)手段(duan)反映(ying)的(de)(de)都是電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充電情(qing)況（SOC），而非健康情(qing)況（SOJ），無(wu)法作(zuo)為(wei)檢驗(yan)電池(chi)(chi)是否需要更換的(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)方法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)實驗數據表(biao)明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)呈很好的(de)(de)(de)線形關(guan)系。對于同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，隨(sui)著(zhu)使用后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)下降，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)也會下降，這樣的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個線形關(guan)系正是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)儀能夠正確(que)判(pan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健康情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。正因為如此，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工(gong)程(cheng)師協會（IEEE）正式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)測(ce)試法作為檢測(ce)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)標(biao)準之一(yi)(yi)(yi)，在標(biao)準IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確(que)指出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)是將已知頻率和振幅的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)兩端，然后(hou)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)所產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)就(jiu)是與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分量(liang)(liang)與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)。明顯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)（下降大于20%）就(jiu)意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)隨(sui)著使用(yong)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，會逐漸老化(hua)(hua)，其(qi)老化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原因正是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極表面發生硫化(hua)(hua)、腐蝕，活性材料脫落，無(wu)法再進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)，這是(shi)(shi)絕大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無(wu)法繼續使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)原因。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)測(ce)(ce)量極板(ban)表面離子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，判定其(qi)化(hua)(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)能力(li)，并通過(guo)極板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)來(lai)推斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，從(cong)而判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)所進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)實(shi)測(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)好時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)比較，如果(guo)(guo)差異(yi)大到(dao)一定程度，就(jiu)可以判定該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需要(yao)(yao)更換了。實(shi)踐(jian)證明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)結果(guo)(guo)與用(yong)1/2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)值(zhi)(zhi)（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)結果(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)吻合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。相對傳統(tong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)(ce)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)方法彌補了其(qi)不足(zu)之處。