一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十年代，世界(jie)上幾乎所(suo)有的(de)(de)汽車所(suo)用的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都是鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最大的(de)(de)特點(dian)就(jiu)是隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)逐漸老化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量降低(di)到他(ta)原(yuan)本額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量可(ke)能呈(cheng)“跳水式”下降，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)盡管該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)能仍(reng)然能夠提供一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)能量，但隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)能報(bao)廢。在國際國內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)行業，都把80%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量作為鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)臨界(jie)點(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量降低(di)到其原(yuan)額(e)定(ding)容(rong)量的(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)換了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判定(ding)電池(chi)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)況的(de)傳統(tong)辦(ban)法就是放(fang)電，通(tong)過(guo)放(fang)電來檢測(ce)電池(chi)當下的(de)實際容(rong)量(liang)，從(cong)而判定(ding)電池(chi)的(de)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)狀(zhuang)況。對(dui)于汽車電池(chi)來說，國(guo)際電池(chi)協(xie)會（BCI）規(gui)定(ding)，在常(chang)溫下以(yi)1/2的(de)額(e)定(ding)冷起動(dong)電流值(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)電15秒(miao)（CCA），如(ru)果電池(chi)電壓為9.6V以(yi)上，這個電池(chi)就通(tong)過(guo)了放(fang)電實驗(yan)，是個健(jian)(jian)康(kang)的(de)電池(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳統的方法(fa)以外(wai)加負(fu)載來檢測電池表現：

1、被(bei)測試(shi)的(de)電池(chi)必須(xu)滿(man)(man)充，至少(shao)有12.4V，但沖滿(man)(man)電壓不是常數(shu)，由(you)于測試(shi)原理是放電，必然(ran)導致測量的(de)結果(guo)變化；

2、對(dui)于同一個電(dian)池，無法連續重(zhong)(zhong)復測(ce)(ce)量，測(ce)(ce)試數(shu)據可能(neng)存在讀數(shu)誤差。因為放電(dian)過程，被檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)的電(dian)池在檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)后，必須重(zhong)(zhong)新充電(dian)，才能(neng)再(zai)次測(ce)(ce)量；

3、測(ce)試(shi)過程發出(chu)大量(liang)的(de)熱(re)，連續測(ce)試(shi)，要配套散熱(re)裝(zhuang)置；

4、測(ce)試過程要求測(ce)試者(zhe)訓(xun)練有(you)素，由于必須在放電15秒的瞬間讀出電池的電壓(ya)值，會對測(ce)試結論產生影響。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正(zheng)是由于傳統檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)手段不(bu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商以(yi)及(ji)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)維修(xiu)站(zhan)、汽(qi)(qi)車(che)經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商常常將好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)退回給廠(chang)家(jia)，據(ju)美國的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商INTERSTATE統計，在(zai)退回來的(de)(de)(de)(de)所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中，50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)實際(ji)上是好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)不(bu)是更換(huan)，這部分好(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，只是因(yin)為(wei)失誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)判(pan)斷，無謂地(di)往返于廠(chang)家(jia)和經(jing)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)商之間，白白造成彼此的(de)(de)(de)(de)耗費。由于許(xu)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)維修(xiu)網點(dian)缺乏高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測工具，未(wei)能在(zai)車(che)主遇上問題前及(ji)時(shi)發現已經(jing)衰弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，從而(er)喪失了潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機會。傳統輔助使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比重指示(shi)、端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)測試手段反映的(de)(de)(de)(de)都是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)情況（SOC），而(er)非健康(kang)情況（SOJ），無法作為(wei)檢驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否需要更換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效方法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)數據表明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)呈很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)線形關(guan)系(xi)。對(dui)于(yu)同(tong)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，隨著使用(yong)后(hou)(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)也會下(xia)降，這樣的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)線形關(guan)系(xi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀能夠正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)確判(pan)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健(jian)康情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)因為(wei)(wei)如此，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和電(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程師協會（IEEE）正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)測試法作為(wei)(wei)檢測鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)檢測標準之一，在(zai)標準IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確指(zhi)出(chu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)是將已知(zhi)頻率和振幅的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加(jia)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)，然后(hou)(hou)測量(liang)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)就是與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓同(tong)相的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)分量(liang)與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)。明顯的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)（下(xia)降大于(yu)20%）就意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池隨(sui)著使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間的(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)，會(hui)逐漸老化，其老化的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)正是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池極表面發生硫化、腐蝕(shi)，活性材料脫落(luo)，無(wu)法再進(jin)行(xing)有效的(de)(de)化學(xue)反應，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)絕大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)池無(wu)法繼(ji)續使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原理就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過測(ce)(ce)(ce)量極板表面離(li)子的(de)(de)情況，判定(ding)其化學(xue)反應能力，并通(tong)過極板的(de)(de)變化來推斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量的(de)(de)變化，從(cong)而判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)健康狀況。電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀所進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池實(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)得(de)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池完好時(shi)的(de)(de)標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)比較，如(ru)果(guo)差(cha)異(yi)大到(dao)一定(ding)程(cheng)度，就(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)判定(ding)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池需(xu)要更換了。實(shi)(shi)踐證明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試結(jie)果(guo)與(yu)用(yong)1/2的(de)(de)值(zhi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)值(zhi)（CCA）的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)(shi)吻合的(de)(de)。相對(dui)傳統放電(dian)(dian)(dian)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)試方法彌(mi)補(bu)了其不足之處。