一、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測方法

傳統蓄電池測試的依據標準

九十年代，世界(jie)上幾乎所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)都是(shi)(shi)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)特點就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)逐漸(jian)老化，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量降(jiang)低到他原本額定容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)能(neng)呈“跳水(shui)式(shi)”下降(jiang)，這(zhe)(zhe)時盡管該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)仍(reng)然能(neng)夠提供一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量，但隨時可(ke)(ke)能(neng)報(bao)廢。在國(guo)際國(guo)內的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)行業，都把(ba)80%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量作為鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)臨界(jie)點，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量降(jiang)低到其(qi)原額定容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)80%的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)就(jiu)需要更換(huan)了。

傳統辦法判定電池健康狀況

判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)健康(kang)狀況的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統辦法(fa)就是放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通(tong)過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)當下(xia)的(de)(de)實(shi)際容量(liang)，從而判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)健康(kang)狀況。對于汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來說，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)協會（BCI）規定，在(zai)常溫(wen)下(xia)以1/2的(de)(de)額定冷起動電(dian)(dian)(dian)流值進行放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)15秒（CCA），如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)9.6V以上，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就通(tong)過了(le)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)驗，是個(ge)健康(kang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

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傳統檢測電池手段不足表現

傳(chuan)統的方(fang)法以外加負載來檢測電池表現(xian)：

1、被測試的(de)(de)電(dian)池必(bi)須滿充，至少(shao)有(you)12.4V，但沖(chong)滿電(dian)壓不是常數，由(you)于測試原(yuan)理是放電(dian)，必(bi)然導致測量的(de)(de)結果(guo)變(bian)化；

2、對于同一個電池，無法連續重復測(ce)量，測(ce)試數(shu)據可能存在讀數(shu)誤差。因為放電過程，被檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)電池在檢(jian)測(ce)后，必須(xu)重新充電，才能再次測(ce)量；

3、測試過程發出大量的(de)熱(re)，連(lian)續測試，要配套散熱(re)裝置；

4、測(ce)(ce)(ce)試過程(cheng)要求(qiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試者(zhe)訓(xun)練有(you)素，由于必須在放電(dian)15秒的(de)(de)瞬間讀出電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)壓值，會對測(ce)(ce)(ce)試結論產生影響。

傳統不足造成的浪費和影響

正是(shi)(shi)由(you)于傳統檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)手(shou)段不(bu)足的(de)(de)原因，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)以及汽(qi)車(che)維修站、汽(qi)車(che)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)常(chang)常(chang)將好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)作為壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)退(tui)回(hui)給廠(chang)(chang)家，據美國的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)INTERSTATE統計，在(zai)(zai)退(tui)回(hui)來(lai)的(de)(de)所謂(wei)的(de)(de)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中，50%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)實際上是(shi)(shi)好(hao)的(de)(de)，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)要的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)更(geng)換，這部(bu)分好(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，只是(shi)(shi)因為失(shi)誤(wu)的(de)(de)判(pan)斷，無謂(wei)地往返于廠(chang)(chang)家和經(jing)(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)(shang)之間(jian)，白(bai)白(bai)造成彼此的(de)(de)耗費。由(you)于許多的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)維修網(wang)點缺乏高(gao)效的(de)(de)檢(jian)測工具，未(wei)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)車(che)主(zhu)遇上問題前及時發現(xian)已經(jing)(jing)衰(shuai)弱的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，從而喪失(shi)了潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)銷(xiao)售電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)機會。傳統輔助使用的(de)(de)比重指示、端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)測試手(shou)段反映的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況(kuang)（SOC），而非健康情(qing)況(kuang)（SOJ），無法作為檢(jian)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要更(geng)換的(de)(de)有(you)效方(fang)法。

二、汽車蓄電池檢測儀的檢測原理

電導儀的技術原理

大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)驗(yan)數據表(biao)明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)呈很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線形(xing)關(guan)系。對(dui)于同(tong)(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，隨著使用后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下降，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)也會下降，這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)線形(xing)關(guan)系正(zheng)(zheng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)儀(yi)能夠正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)判定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)健(jian)康(kang)情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。正(zheng)(zheng)因為(wei)如此，國際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子工程(cheng)師協會（IEEE）正(zheng)(zheng)式把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)測(ce)試(shi)法(fa)作為(wei)檢(jian)測(ce)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)標準之一(yi)，在(zai)標準IEEE1118/1996版 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第15頁，明確(que)指出：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)量(liang)是將已知頻率和振幅的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端，然后(hou)測(ce)量(liang)所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)就是與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓同(tong)(tong)相的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分量(liang)與交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比值(zhi)。明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化（下降大(da)于20%）就意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化。

電導儀的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)隨著使用(yong)(yong)時間的(de)(de)(de)增加，會(hui)逐漸老(lao)化(hua)(hua)，其(qi)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因正是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)表面發生硫化(hua)(hua)、腐蝕，活性材(cai)料脫(tuo)落，無法(fa)再進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有效的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)絕(jue)大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無法(fa)繼續(xu)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)原因。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理(li)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)極(ji)板表面離(li)子的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)，判定(ding)其(qi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)能力，并通過(guo)極(ji)板的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)來推斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，從而判定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)健康狀況(kuang)(kuang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)所進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)工(gong)作，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)實(shi)(shi)測(ce)(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完好(hao)時的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)值(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)比較(jiao)，如果差(cha)異大到一定(ding)程度(du)，就(jiu)可以判定(ding)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需要(yao)更(geng)換了。實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)證明，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)結(jie)果與用(yong)(yong)1/2的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)值(zhi)（CCA）的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)結(jie)果是(shi)(shi)吻合的(de)(de)(de)。相對傳統(tong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)檢測(ce)(ce)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)儀(yi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)(shi)方法(fa)彌(mi)補了其(qi)不足之(zhi)處。