一、微音器電位是什么

耳(er)(er)蝸微(wei)音(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)亦稱“耳(er)(er)蝸微(wei)音(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)效應”、“耳(er)(er)蝸電位(wei)(wei)(wei)”、“微(wei)音(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)”。一種(zhong)感(gan)受器(qi)(qi)(qi)交流電位(wei)(wei)(wei)。耳蝸接受聲(sheng)音刺(ci)激時，像(xiang)微音器一樣(yang)，可將機械能的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化轉換為電(dian)能的(de)(de)電(dian)位變(bian)(bian)化。主要由柯(ke)蒂氏(shi)器外側(ce)毛細胞產生(sheng)。在可聽范圍內，可如(ru)實(shi)再現刺(ci)激（甚至像(xiang)言語和音樂這樣(yang)復雜(za)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)刺(ci)激）的(de)(de)頻率和波形。其(qi)幅值至少在100分貝的(de)(de)動(dong)態范圍內是聲(sheng)壓的(de)(de)線性函(han)數(shu)，相當于聲(sheng)壓100萬倍的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化。在大約0.005微伏時即(ji)可啟動(dong)。此電(dian)位最(zui)大可達數(shu)毫伏，響應頻率在10000赫(he)茲以上。

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二、微音器電位的特點

特點：潛伏期短；無(wu)不(bu)應期；對缺氧和深度麻醉相對不(bu)敏感(gan)；在聽(ting)神(shen)經變性時仍能(neng)出(chu)現(xian)。

三、微音器電位與耳蝸神經動作電位關系

微音(yin)器(qi)電(dian)位(wei)與耳蝸(gua)神經(jing)動作(zuo)電(dian)位(wei)雖緊密相聯，但來(lai)源不(bu)同。

微音(yin)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)起源于毛細胞(bao)的(de)表面，當引導電(dian)(dian)(dian)極越靠近毛細胞(bao)時(shi)，所記錄到的(de)微音(yin)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)越大。它(ta)的(de)發生與蓋(gai)膜和毛細胞(bao)之間的(de)相(xiang)應位(wei)置移動有關(guan)。微音(yin)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)是(shi)毛細胞(bao)接(jie)受聲波刺(ci)激(ji)而產(chan)生的(de)感受器電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)之一。

此(ci)外還有(you)總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，其閾值比微(wei)(wei)音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)高(gao)，等微(wei)(wei)音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)增大到一定程度(du)時才出現(xian)總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)。總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)也(ye)是毛細胞接受(shou)(shou)聲波刺激所產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的一種感受(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)。聽神經上的傳(chuan)入沖動(dong)是由感受(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)（微(wei)(wei)音(yin)(yin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)和總合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)）所啟動(dong)的。在聽神經發生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)之前有(you)興奮(fen)性突觸后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)。