一、扇子的分類有哪幾種
1、扇子的種類從形式上可以(yi)分(fen)為:折扇和紈扇。
2、按扇(shan)(shan)(shan)子的面材料(liao)分有:芭蕉扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、紙扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、木(mu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、綾絹扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、羽毛(mao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、麥稈扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、塑料(liao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)等。
3、按(an)扇(shan)子的(de)用(yong)途可分為日用(yong)扇(shan)、工藝扇(shan)、儀仗扇(shan)、舞蹈(dao)扇(shan)等。
4、扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)子(zi)的名目有:竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、麥扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、檳榔扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒲(pu)葵扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、絲綢扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、羽扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、木雕扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、玉(yu)雕扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、牙雕扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、檀香木扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、折扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、團(tuan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、紈扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、絹(juan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒲(pu)葵扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、繭扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、火畫扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)絲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、印花紙扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、塑料扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。
二、扇子的種類及名稱大全
1、宣扇
“宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)”非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan),是以產(chan)地命(ming)名的一(yi)種折(zhe)扇(shan),產(chan)于安徽省(sheng)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城(cheng)地區。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城(cheng)歷史悠久,人(ren)文(wen)薈萃(cui),自(zi)古便(bian)有(you)“南宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)北合”一(yi)說。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)城(cheng)文(wen)脈(mo)源遠流長,宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)因此孕育而(er)生。
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)起源于宋(song)代(dai),當時(shi)(shi)(shi)折扇(shan)普(pu)遍被(bei)稱為“聚骨扇(shan)”,時(shi)(shi)(shi)值(zhi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)紙技(ji)藝成熟(shu)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),對宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)的(de)(de)產生有巨大(da)的(de)(de)催化(hua)作(zuo)用(yong)。明(ming)(ming)清時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)進入鼎盛時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),各項技(ji)藝達(da)登(deng)峰(feng)造極,被(bei)文(wen)人墨客們深深喜愛。明(ming)(ming)代(dai)文(wen)征明(ming)(ming),清代(dai)石(shi)濤等一代(dai)藝術大(da)家(jia)都以宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)為載體造作(zuo)過(guo)作(zuo)品。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)制(zhi)作(zuo)精湛,美(mei)觀典雅,寓意吉祥(xiang),內涵豐富,文(wen)化(hua)、工(gong)藝、收藏價值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)。其每(mei)道工(gong)序(xu)要求(qiu)之(zhi)高(gao)(gao)之(zhi)嚴(yan)謹,無處不透露出(chu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)扇(shan)是傳(chuan)統手工(gong)藝與(yu)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)結(jie)晶。
宣扇(shan),竹(zhu)(zhu)扇(shan)骨取材于(yu)六年(nian)以上竹(zhu)(zhu)類(lei),如毛竹(zhu)(zhu)、紫(zi)竹(zhu)(zhu)、香(xiang)妃(fei)竹(zhu)(zhu)等。木(mu)扇(shan)骨取材于(yu)生長50年(nian)以上名貴(gui)樹木(mu),如紫(zi)檀、沉(chen)香(xiang)木(mu)等。扇(shan)面使用優質絲(si)絹和上好的宣紙。
2、舞蹈扇
浙(zhe)江是(shi)舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)扇(shan)的(de)(de)最大產業(ye)基(ji)地,雖然(ran)舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)表演中的(de)(de)道具扇(shan)子歷史不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很長(chang),之前一直是(shi)北方壟斷舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)扇(shan)的(de)(de)生產基(ji)地,但(dan)限制于北方竹子產量,做工不(bu)(bu)精細,產品創(chuang)新(xin)力不(bu)(bu)強。加之,網(wang)絡的(de)(de)發展,浙(zhe)江制作的(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)扇(shan)獲得全國一致肯定,夕陽下也許你還(huan)能看到一群大媽,飛舞(wu)著舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)(dao)扇(shan)子,飄逸的(de)(de)舞(wu)姿讓你忘返。
3、真絲扇
安徽是真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)扇發源地(di),至今有四百多年歷史,真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)扇用(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)綢緞(duan)面(mian)料(liao)制(zhi)作而成(cheng),它不但可以(yi)用(yong)于(yu)觀(guan)賞收藏(zang),也具有饋贈友人,之佳品。真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)扇的(de)制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)復(fu)雜比(bi)紙張柔軟,凌娟光滑,制(zhi)作起來工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)求極高,扇骨(gu)用(yong)頭(tou)青天然(ran)高山楠竹制(zhi)作,經過(guo)數次的(de)打磨,刀工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),平面(mian)處理(li)等(deng)方式。面(mian)料(liao)處理(li):先過(guo)漿下水(shui),在(zai)烘烤陰干,在(zai)做成(cheng)型定(ding)位(wei),在(zai)染色印刷在(zai)過(guo)漿風(feng)干,然(ran)后(hou)折面(mian)定(ding)位(wei),再(zai)做扇骨(gu)刻繪(hui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi),然(ran)后(hou)搭(da)面(mian)成(cheng)型,總計(ji)70于(yu)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)流程(cheng),真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)扇是安徽傳承(cheng)的(de)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)保留至今,真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)純手工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)作。真(zhen)(zhen)絲(si)(si)扇的(de)外觀(guan)漂亮,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作考究(jiu)精(jing)細深受世界各國的(de)青睞。
4、檀香扇
檀(tan)香扇是用檀(tan)香木制(zhi)成,其(qi)木質堅(jian)硬。白(bai)者(zhe)白(bai)檀(tan),皮腐色紫者(zhe)紫檀(tan),白(bai)檀(tan)為勝。有(you)天然(ran)香味,輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)搖(yao),馨香四溢。此扇有(you)“扇存(cun)香存(cun)”的(de)特點,保存(cun)十年(nian)八載后,扇起來(lai)依然(ran)幽香陣陣,沁人心脾。夏令既(ji)去,藏(zang)入衣(yi)箱(xiang),還有(you)防蟲、防蛀(zhu)的(de)妙用。花(hua)式品(pin)種(zhong)有(you)拉(la)花(hua)、燙花(hua)、雕花(hua)、繪畫、印(yin)花(hua)、鑲嵌和(he)接(jie)骨等。一般經鋸片、組裝、鎪拉(la)、裱畫、繪畫和(he)上流蘇等十多道工序組成。檀(tan)香扇的(de)制(zhi)作工藝(yi),獨具風格,富有(you)工藝(yi)性,所(suo)以(yi)至今深(shen)受人們(men)的(de)喜(xi)愛。
5、火畫扇
“火畫扇(shan)”始(shi)創于清代同治末年,后來工藝逐步發(fa)展,制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)時選薄玻(bo)璃(li)扇(shan)兩柄(bing),合成(cheng)一柄(bing)雙面扇(shan),然后用一種特制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)火筆作(zuo)畫而成(cheng),清秀典麗,永(yong)不(bu)褪(tun)色,是欣賞收藏的(de)精品。
6、竹絲扇
竹絲(si)(si)(si)扇俗稱“龔扇”,有(you)燦若云錦(jin)、薄(bo)如蟬翼的美評。扇面多是桃形,形似紈扇,是用細(xi)如絹絲(si)(si)(si)的竹絲(si)(si)(si)精(jing)心(xin)編織而(er)成的。它顏色嫩(nen)黃,薄(bo)而(er)透(tou)光(guang),綿軟而(er)細(xi)膩,恍若織錦(jin),圖案或山水人物(wu),或花鳥(niao)蟲魚(yu),無不(bu)惟(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)肖,加上象牙(ya)或者(zhe)牛骨做的扇柄,絲(si)(si)(si)質扇墜(zhui),簡(jian)直玲瓏(long)剔透(tou),精(jing)美絕倫,被譽為(wei)巧奪天工的國寶。
7、綾絹扇
綾(ling)絹在折扇(shan)(shan)出(chu)現(xian)之前(qian)就廣泛用來(lai)制作紈扇(shan)(shan)扇(shan)(shan)面,如今也用來(lai)作折扇(shan)(shan)的扇(shan)(shan)面,凡是用綾(ling)絹作扇(shan)(shan)面的扇(shan)(shan)子都可以稱為綾(ling)絹扇(shan)(shan)。綾(ling)絹扇(shan)(shan)扇(shan)(shan)面輕如蟬翼、薄如晨霧、色澤光亮,給(gei)人以溫文爾雅(ya)之感。
8、折扇
古稱折疊扇、聚頭扇、撒扇。品種有紙折扇、象牙扇、貝殼扇、檀香扇、孔雀翠羽扇等,其中以紙折扇為最普及。紙折扇是以細長的竹片制成眾多的扇骨,然后將扇骨疊起,頭部以釘鉸固定,其余則展開為半圓形,上裱糊以紙,作扇面,并在扇面上題詩作畫。扇骨料以棕竹、湘妃竹、烏木為佳,每把扇子少則7支,多達40支,一般多為14支或16支。40支扇骨的折扇,扇骨纖細,風格秀麗,古代專為婦女所執。象牙扇、貝殼扇、檀香扇則以象牙、貝殼、檀香木制成扇骨,直接以絲線將扇骨綴連為半圓形扇面,并在扇面上鏤雕精巧、纖細的圖案。檀香扇的扇面除鏤空圖案外,又飾以烙畫,或裱糊薄絹,彩繪花鳥、仕女畫面,風格艷麗,為婦女所喜愛。蘇州折扇以水磨竹扇骨為著名,即以細砂紙、浸濕的木賊草和榆樹葉等反復將竹扇骨打磨,然后上蠟,滋潤細膩,如同白玉。
9、羽扇
通常采用(yong)洪(hong)澤湖(hu)、鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)等(deng)(deng)湖(hu)泊周圍(wei)蘆葦叢中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)雁、鷹、鸛、氏鳥(niao)、雕(diao)和青雞等(deng)(deng)野禽的(de)翅尾編織(zhi)成(cheng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian),再(zai)加扇(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)(bing)而(er)成(cheng)。傳統的(de)高擋羽(yu)(yu)毛扇(shan)(shan)(shan),扇(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)(bing)用(yong)鸛羽(yu)(yu)或(huo)鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)羽(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)劈絲編織(zhi)而(er)成(cheng),用(yong)瑪(ma)瑙、檀(tan)香(xiang)鏈銅絲釘(ding)鉸,十分精(jing)巧。其諸葛(ge)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、桃形扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、圓(yuan)形扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、半(ban)月形扇(shan)(shan)(shan)和絨(rong)折扇(shan)(shan)(shan)。它不僅為(wei)納涼、裝(zhuang)飾、舞蹈所用(yong),也(ye)是中(zhong)(zhong)國古代宮廷禮儀的(de)陳列品。中(zhong)(zhong)國羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)大多以(yi)3~4支鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)編織(zhi)而(er)成(cheng),呈上尖下圓(yuan)的(de)桃形,在扇(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)央飾以(yi)五色(se)綾緞剪鏤或(huo)彩(cai)色(se)絲線繡成(cheng)的(de)壽桃等(deng)(deng)圖案(an)。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)(bing)有的(de)為(wei)木柄(bing)(bing),有的(de)將鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)劈削(xue)成(cheng)篾(mie)絲,編織(zhi)成(cheng)古錢等(deng)(deng)圖案(an)作(zuo)為(wei)翎管(guan)(guan)柄(bing)(bing)。羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)質輕,出風柔和。孔(kong)雀(que)翠羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)象(xiang)牙為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)骨,孔(kong)雀(que)羽(yu)(yu)毛編織(zhi)為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian),色(se)彩(cai)富(fu)麗,也(ye)是舞蹈的(de)道具。
10、絹扇
蘇州傳統(tong)工藝品(pin)——絹面宮扇,以素絹等(deng)絲(si)綢(chou)繃裱于骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)之上(shang),大(da)多形似滿月(yue)。又稱(cheng)團扇。絹扇古代以竹篾為骨(gu)(gu)架(jia),20世(shi)紀初改(gai)以鉛絲(si)為骨(gu)(gu)架(jia),請名人書畫(hua)(hua)扇面;扇柄以湘妃(fei)竹、棕竹等(deng)名貴(gui)竹材制成(cheng),也有(you)髹漆柄和象牙(ya)柄。更(geng)有(you)以如同蟬翼(yi)的(de)黑色薄紗為扇面,上(shang)以白粉畫(hua)(hua)無數細竹,入手輕涼(liang),人稱(cheng)蟬翼(yi)扇。絹扇的(de)扇面除滿月(yue)形外,還有(you)腰圓、正(zheng)六角等(deng)式樣,上(shang)面彩繪仕女、山水、花(hua)鳥等(deng),有(you)的(de)以五彩絲(si)線繡制圖案。
11、葵扇
俗稱(cheng)蒲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。由蒲葵(kui)(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)、柄(bing)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),質(zhi)輕,價(jia)廉(lian),是中國(guo)應用(yong)最為(wei)普及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)子。葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)葵(kui)(kui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)圓(yuan)正,葵(kui)(kui)柄(bing)細(xi)勻,生(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)復雜,品(pin)種多。葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)制(zhi)作(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是先選擇柄(bing)長30多厘米、色(se)(se)(se)澤淺(qian)碧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),摘后日(ri)曬(shai)約20天,干后,色(se)(se)(se)澤變(bian)白(bai)(bai)(bai);再以水洗(xi)、烘(hong)干,并以重物(wu)壓(ya)平;然(ran)(ran)后隨(sui)葵(kui)(kui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小,剪成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不同(tong)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形,再以篾絲、絲線(xian)緣(yuan)其邊,仍用(yong)其葵(kui)(kui)柄(bing)為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)。葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種很多,除(chu)一(yi)(yi)般常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)外,還有玻璃(li)白(bai)(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、漂白(bai)(bai)(bai)編織葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、烙畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。玻璃(li)白(bai)(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是選擇初發未舒(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)綠嫩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),經過日(ri)曬(shai),色(se)(se)(se)澤晶瑩潔(jie)白(bai)(bai)(bai),再經水洗(xi)、硫磺熏蒸,色(se)(se)(se)乃益(yi)白(bai)(bai)(bai),如同(tong)玻璃(li),因(yin)而(er)(er)得名(ming)。漂白(bai)(bai)(bai)編織葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是將玻璃(li)白(bai)(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)剖成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2~4mm細(xi)條,然(ran)(ran)后手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)編織成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)杏(xing)仁形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),并在(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)以金(jin)銀線(xian)、彩色(se)(se)(se)絲線(xian)繡(xiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種圖案。烙畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是在(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)烙畫(hua)人物(wu)、山(shan)水等(deng),風格古雅。其中雙面(mian)(mian)烙畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是將兩把(ba)形狀、規格完(wan)全相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃(li)白(bai)(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縫合為(wei)一(yi)(yi)把(ba),然(ran)(ran)后在(zai)正反兩面(mian)(mian)各烙畫(hua)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)面(mian)(mian),可(ke)(ke)以兩面(mian)(mian)觀賞(shang)。葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)除(chu)了裝(zhuang)飾以刺(ci)(ci)繡(xiu)、烙畫(hua)外,還有漆畫(hua),或(huo)用(yong)細(xi)針刺(ci)(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種圖案。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格不一(yi)(yi),大(da)者長90多厘米,可(ke)(ke)以遮陽(yang)。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)俗稱(cheng)細(xi)邊,以金(jin)銀線(xian)、絹(juan)、彩色(se)(se)(se)絲線(xian)、篾絲、細(xi)長條藤皮(pi)等(deng)手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)纏繞、縫制(zhi)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。葵(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)大(da)多用(yong)原葵(kui)(kui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柄(bing),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)葵(kui)(kui)柄(bing)外纏繞細(xi)長條的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藤皮(pi),或(huo)外面(mian)(mian)套上(shang)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管,執于手(shou)中柔滑(hua)而(er)(er)舒(shu)適。高(gao)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)則另(ling)飾以方竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、湘妃竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、佛肚竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)名(ming)貴(gui)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai),或(huo)用(yong)象(xiang)牙、玳瑁等(deng)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)。2010年,睢寧縣下邳蒲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)編織技藝(yi)列(lie)入徐州非物(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產。
12、篾絲扇
又稱竹編扇(shan)、龔扇(shan)。以(yi)篾絲編織成扇(shan)面。
篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇產(chan)于四(si)川(chuan)、浙江、湖南(nan)等(deng)地,以(yi)四(si)川(chuan)為最著名。四(si)川(chuan)篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇在明(ming)代已很著名。清代光緒年間(1875~1908),四(si)川(chuan)自貢匠師龔(gong)(gong)爵伍編(bian)織的篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇,人稱龔(gong)(gong)扇,所(suo)用篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si),細如毫(hao)發,每根長400mm、寬1mm、薄(bo)0.2mm,在日光映照(zhao)下透明(ming)晶瑩(ying),微風(feng)拂之(zhi),則絲(si)(si)(si)絲(si)(si)(si)飛揚。所(suo)編(bian)織的扇面,光滑無痕,宛(wan)如綾絹。扇柄多為牛(niu)骨制成,下墜以(yi)流蘇。20世(shi)紀初,龔(gong)(gong)爵伍之(zhi)子龔(gong)(gong)玉璋繼承(cheng)父業,能編(bian)織復(fu)雜的仕女、山水(shui)、花鳥(niao)等(deng)畫(hua)面,清晰(xi)、美(mei)觀(guan)。龔(gong)(gong)扇已傳(chuan)至第(di)三代,即龔(gong)(gong)玉璋之(zhi)子龔(gong)(gong)長榮、龔(gong)(gong)玉文兄(xiong)弟。他們編(bian)織的篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇曾在美(mei)國、日本展出。
13、人像掛扇
以婚(hun)紗照、寫(xie)真照和(he)兒童照等各種人像照片為扇(shan)面的掛(gua)扇(shan),人像掛(gua)扇(shan)(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱像扇(shan))是(shi)現代影像技術和(he)古(gu)
老制扇(shan)技(ji)藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)巧妙(miao)融(rong)和(he),像扇(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)面(mian)從設計到(dao)輸出,都采用了與當前影(ying)樓業相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術和(he)材料,因(yin)此其(qi)畫(hua)(hua)質已經達到(dao)了影(ying)像級(ji)別,色彩還原真實,細(xi)節表(biao)現優異(yi)。古(gu)時(shi),新婚之(zhi)夜又(you)(you)稱卻(que)(que)扇(shan)之(zhi)夕,因(yin)婚禮上要行(xing)卻(que)(que)扇(shan)之(zhi)禮,作卻(que)(que)扇(shan)詩(shi),紅蓋頭即是由卻(que)(que)扇(shan)之(zhi)禮中的(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)子演變而來。古(gu)往今來,人(ren)們曾(ceng)經以(yi)繪畫(hua)(hua)、刺繡等技(ji)法在扇(shan)面(mian)上形成(cheng)人(ren)物(wu)畫(hua)(hua)面(mian),今天(tian)借助現代科(ke)技(ji)又(you)(you)出現了以(yi)婚紗照等為扇(shan)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)像掛扇(shan),像扇(shan)為源遠流長的(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)文化中,又(you)(you)添加一股清新時(shi)尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)現代氣息。
14、其他
麥秸編織扇子、鴨腳扇、竹板扇、筍(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等。麥秸編(bian)織扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主要產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)浙江浦江。它(ta)是以(yi)(yi)麥秸編(bian)織成(cheng)(cheng)扁帶(dai),然后纏繞成(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)作為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian);再以(yi)(yi)竹片下端為(wei)柄,上端劈削而為(wei)二(er),將麥秸編(bian)織扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)夾于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)中,并在扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中央貼以(yi)(yi)五色(se)(se)綾絹,上繡(xiu)圖案,作為(wei)裝飾(shi)。鴨(ya)腳(jiao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)因扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)如鴨(ya)腳(jiao)而得名。產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)浙江、廣東、四川等省。它(ta)以(yi)(yi)長(chang)30cm左右(you)的竹片制成(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)下端的三分之一為(wei)柄,其(qi)(qi)余三分之二(er)則劈削成(cheng)(cheng)數十(shi)根篾(mie)絲,然后以(yi)(yi)細線將篾(mie)絲編(bian)結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)鴨(ya)腳(jiao)形(xing)(xing)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),再以(yi)(yi)紙(zhi)糊扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),以(yi)(yi)絹、錦緣其(qi)(qi)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)邊而成(cheng)(cheng)。竹板(ban)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)浙江。它(ta)以(yi)(yi)長(chang)30cm、寬15cm左右(you)的竹板(ban)為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),熨(yun)之使(shi)其(qi)(qi)平整。因竹板(ban)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)色(se)(se)澤(ze)白(bai)潤(run)如玉,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)又名玉版(ban)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。筍(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產(chan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)福(fu)建。它(ta)以(yi)(yi)巨筍(sun)殼(ke)(ke)壓平而為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),長(chang)30cm,寬18cm左右(you)。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的正面(mian)(mian)(mian)潔白(bai)光潤(run),有的飾(shi)以(yi)(yi)烙畫;背面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)筍(sun)殼(ke)(ke)外皮赭色(se)(se),如同檳榔,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)又名檳榔扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。筍(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)執于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手中,樸(pu)實而高雅。