一、扇子的分類有哪幾種
1、扇子的(de)種類從形式上可以分為:折扇和紈扇。
2、按(an)扇(shan)子的面(mian)材(cai)料分有(you):芭蕉扇(shan)、紙扇(shan)、木扇(shan)、綾絹扇(shan)、羽毛扇(shan)、麥稈扇(shan)、塑料扇(shan)等。
3、按扇子的用途可(ke)分(fen)為日用扇、工藝扇、儀仗扇、舞蹈扇等。
4、扇(shan)(shan)(shan)子的(de)名目有:竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、麥扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、檳榔扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒲葵扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、絲綢扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、羽扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、木雕(diao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、玉雕(diao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、牙雕(diao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、檀香木扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、折扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、團扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、紈扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、絹扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒲葵扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、繭(jian)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、火畫扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)絲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、印花紙扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、塑料扇(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)。
二、扇子的種類及名稱大全
1、宣扇
“宣扇(shan)”非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan),是以產(chan)(chan)地(di)命名(ming)的一種折扇(shan),產(chan)(chan)于安徽省宣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區。宣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史悠(you)久(jiu),人文(wen)薈萃,自(zi)古便有“南宣北合”一說。宣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)脈(mo)源遠流長(chang),宣扇(shan)因此孕育而(er)生(sheng)。
宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)起源于宋代,當時(shi)折扇(shan)(shan)普遍被稱(cheng)為“聚骨扇(shan)(shan)”,時(shi)值(zhi)宣(xuan)紙技藝(yi)(yi)成熟(shu)之時(shi),對宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)的產生有巨大(da)的催(cui)化(hua)作(zuo)用。明(ming)清時(shi)期宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)進(jin)入鼎盛時(shi)期,各項技藝(yi)(yi)達登(deng)峰造(zao)極,被文人墨客(ke)們深深喜愛(ai)。明(ming)代文征明(ming),清代石濤(tao)等一代藝(yi)(yi)術大(da)家都以宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)為載體(ti)造(zao)作(zuo)過作(zuo)品。宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)制(zhi)作(zuo)精(jing)湛,美觀(guan)典雅(ya),寓意吉祥,內涵豐富(fu),文化(hua)、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、收(shou)藏價(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)。其每(mei)道工(gong)(gong)序(xu)要求之高(gao)之嚴謹,無處(chu)不(bu)透露出宣(xuan)扇(shan)(shan)是傳統手工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)與文化(hua)的結晶。
宣(xuan)扇(shan),竹(zhu)扇(shan)骨取材(cai)于六年以上竹(zhu)類,如毛竹(zhu)、紫竹(zhu)、香(xiang)妃竹(zhu)等。木(mu)(mu)扇(shan)骨取材(cai)于生長50年以上名(ming)貴樹(shu)木(mu)(mu),如紫檀、沉香(xiang)木(mu)(mu)等。扇(shan)面使用(yong)優質絲絹和上好的宣(xuan)紙。
2、舞蹈扇
浙江是舞(wu)蹈扇(shan)的最大產(chan)業基(ji)地(di),雖然舞(wu)蹈表演中的道具扇(shan)子(zi)歷史不(bu)是很(hen)長(chang),之(zhi)前一直(zhi)是北(bei)方壟(long)斷舞(wu)蹈扇(shan)的生產(chan)基(ji)地(di),但限(xian)制于北(bei)方竹(zhu)子(zi)產(chan)量,做工(gong)不(bu)精細(xi),產(chan)品創新力(li)不(bu)強。加之(zhi),網絡的發展,浙江制作的舞(wu)蹈扇(shan)獲得全國一致肯定,夕陽下也許(xu)你還能看(kan)到(dao)一群大媽,飛舞(wu)著舞(wu)蹈扇(shan)子(zi),飄逸的舞(wu)姿讓你忘(wang)返。
3、真絲扇
安徽是真絲(si)(si)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)發源地,至(zhi)今(jin)有四百(bai)多年歷(li)史,真絲(si)(si)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)用真絲(si)(si)綢緞面料(liao)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)而成,它不但可以用于(yu)觀(guan)賞收藏,也具有饋贈友人,之佳品。真絲(si)(si)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)復雜比紙張(zhang)柔軟,凌娟光滑,制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)起來工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)要求(qiu)極(ji)高(gao),扇(shan)(shan)(shan)骨用頭青天然(ran)(ran)高(gao)山楠竹制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo),經過(guo)數次(ci)的打磨,刀工(gong)(gong)(gong),平面處理(li)等(deng)方式。面料(liao)處理(li):先(xian)過(guo)漿下水,在(zai)烘烤陰干,在(zai)做成型(xing)定位,在(zai)染色印刷在(zai)過(guo)漿風干,然(ran)(ran)后折面定位,再(zai)做扇(shan)(shan)(shan)骨刻(ke)繪工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),然(ran)(ran)后搭面成型(xing),總計70于(yu)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流程,真絲(si)(si)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)是安徽傳(chuan)承的手工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)保留至(zhi)今(jin),真正純(chun)手工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)。真絲(si)(si)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的外觀(guan)漂亮,工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)考究(jiu)精細深受世界各國的青睞。
4、檀香扇
檀(tan)(tan)香(xiang)(xiang)扇(shan)是用(yong)檀(tan)(tan)香(xiang)(xiang)木制(zhi)成,其(qi)木質(zhi)堅硬。白(bai)者白(bai)檀(tan)(tan),皮腐色紫者紫檀(tan)(tan),白(bai)檀(tan)(tan)為勝。有(you)天然香(xiang)(xiang)味,輕輕搖,馨香(xiang)(xiang)四溢。此扇(shan)有(you)“扇(shan)存(cun)香(xiang)(xiang)存(cun)”的特點,保存(cun)十(shi)年八載(zai)后(hou),扇(shan)起(qi)來依然幽香(xiang)(xiang)陣(zhen)陣(zhen),沁人心脾。夏令既去,藏入衣箱,還(huan)有(you)防蟲(chong)、防蛀的妙用(yong)。花式品種有(you)拉(la)花、燙(tang)花、雕花、繪(hui)畫、印(yin)花、鑲嵌(qian)和接骨等。一(yi)般經(jing)鋸(ju)片、組(zu)裝、鎪拉(la)、裱畫、繪(hui)畫和上(shang)流蘇(su)等十(shi)多道工(gong)(gong)序組(zu)成。檀(tan)(tan)香(xiang)(xiang)扇(shan)的制(zhi)作工(gong)(gong)藝,獨具風(feng)格,富有(you)工(gong)(gong)藝性,所(suo)以至今深受人們的喜(xi)愛。
5、火畫扇
“火(huo)畫(hua)扇”始創于(yu)清代同治末年,后來工(gong)藝逐步發展(zhan),制(zhi)作(zuo)時選薄(bo)玻璃扇兩柄,合成一柄雙面扇,然后用(yong)一種特制(zhi)的(de)火(huo)筆作(zuo)畫(hua)而成,清秀(xiu)典麗,永(yong)不(bu)褪色,是(shi)欣賞收藏的(de)精品。
6、竹絲扇
竹絲(si)扇俗稱“龔扇”,有燦若(ruo)云(yun)錦(jin)、薄(bo)如蟬(chan)翼的(de)美(mei)評。扇面多是桃形,形似紈(wan)扇,是用細(xi)(xi)如絹絲(si)的(de)竹絲(si)精心編織而(er)成的(de)。它顏色嫩黃(huang),薄(bo)而(er)透光(guang),綿軟而(er)細(xi)(xi)膩,恍若(ruo)織錦(jin),圖案(an)或(huo)(huo)山水(shui)人物,或(huo)(huo)花鳥蟲魚,無不惟妙惟肖,加上象牙或(huo)(huo)者牛骨做(zuo)的(de)扇柄,絲(si)質扇墜(zhui),簡直玲瓏剔透,精美(mei)絕倫,被(bei)譽為巧奪天工的(de)國(guo)寶。
7、綾絹扇
綾(ling)絹在折扇(shan)出現之(zhi)前就(jiu)廣泛用來制作(zuo)紈扇(shan)扇(shan)面(mian),如(ru)今也用來作(zuo)折扇(shan)的(de)扇(shan)面(mian),凡(fan)是用綾(ling)絹作(zuo)扇(shan)面(mian)的(de)扇(shan)子都可(ke)以稱(cheng)為(wei)綾(ling)絹扇(shan)。綾(ling)絹扇(shan)扇(shan)面(mian)輕如(ru)蟬翼、薄如(ru)晨霧、色澤光亮,給(gei)人以溫文爾(er)雅(ya)之(zhi)感。
8、折扇
古稱折疊扇、聚頭扇、撒扇。品種有紙折扇、象牙扇、貝殼扇、檀香扇、孔雀翠羽扇等,其中以紙折扇為最普及。紙折扇是以細長的竹片制成眾多的扇骨,然后將扇骨疊起,頭部以釘鉸固定,其余則展開為半圓形,上裱糊以紙,作扇面,并在扇面上題詩作畫。扇骨料以棕竹、湘妃竹、烏木為佳,每把扇子少則7支,多達40支,一般多為14支或16支。40支扇骨的折扇,扇骨纖細,風格秀麗,古代專為婦女所執。象牙扇、貝殼扇、檀香扇則以象牙、貝殼、檀香木制成扇骨,直接以絲線將扇骨綴連為半圓形扇面,并在扇面上鏤雕精巧、纖細的圖案。檀香扇的扇面除鏤空圖案外,又飾以烙畫,或裱糊薄絹,彩繪花鳥、仕女畫面,風格艷麗,為婦女所喜愛。蘇州折扇以水磨竹扇骨為著名,即以細砂紙、浸濕的木賊草和榆樹葉等反復將竹扇骨打磨,然后上蠟,滋潤細膩,如同白玉。
9、羽扇
通常采用(yong)洪澤湖(hu)、鄱陽湖(hu)等(deng)湖(hu)泊周圍蘆(lu)葦叢中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)雁、鷹、鸛(guan)、氏鳥、雕和青雞(ji)等(deng)野禽的(de)(de)翅尾編(bian)(bian)織成(cheng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面,再加(jia)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)而成(cheng)。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)高擋羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)用(yong)鸛(guan)羽(yu)(yu)或鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)羽(yu)(yu)管(guan)劈絲編(bian)(bian)織而成(cheng),用(yong)瑪瑙、檀香鏈銅絲釘鉸,十(shi)分精巧。其(qi)諸葛扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、桃(tao)形(xing)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、圓(yuan)形(xing)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、半月形(xing)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和絨(rong)折扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。它不僅(jin)為納(na)涼、裝(zhuang)飾、舞蹈所用(yong),也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國古代宮廷(ting)禮儀的(de)(de)陳列品。中(zhong)(zhong)國羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大多以(yi)3~4支鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)編(bian)(bian)織而成(cheng),呈上尖下圓(yuan)的(de)(de)桃(tao)形(xing),在(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面中(zhong)(zhong)央飾以(yi)五(wu)色綾緞剪鏤或彩色絲線繡成(cheng)的(de)(de)壽桃(tao)等(deng)圖案。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)有的(de)(de)為木柄(bing),有的(de)(de)將鵝(e)羽(yu)(yu)管(guan)劈削成(cheng)篾絲,編(bian)(bian)織成(cheng)古錢(qian)等(deng)圖案作為翎管(guan)柄(bing)。羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)質輕,出風柔(rou)和。孔雀翠(cui)羽(yu)(yu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)象牙為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)骨,孔雀羽(yu)(yu)毛(mao)編(bian)(bian)織為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面,色彩富麗(li),也是(shi)(shi)舞蹈的(de)(de)道具。
10、絹扇
蘇(su)州傳統工藝品——絹(juan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)宮(gong)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),以素絹(juan)等(deng)(deng)絲(si)綢繃裱(biao)于骨(gu)(gu)架(jia)之上,大多形似滿月。又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)團扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。絹(juan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古代以竹篾為骨(gu)(gu)架(jia),20世紀初改(gai)以鉛絲(si)為骨(gu)(gu)架(jia),請(qing)名人(ren)書畫(hua)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian);扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)以湘(xiang)妃竹、棕(zong)竹等(deng)(deng)名貴竹材制成,也有(you)髹漆柄(bing)和象(xiang)牙(ya)柄(bing)。更有(you)以如同蟬(chan)翼的黑色薄紗為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian),上以白粉畫(hua)無(wu)數(shu)細竹,入手輕涼,人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)蟬(chan)翼扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。絹(juan)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)除滿月形外,還有(you)腰圓、正六角等(deng)(deng)式樣,上面(mian)(mian)(mian)彩繪(hui)仕女、山水、花(hua)鳥等(deng)(deng),有(you)的以五彩絲(si)線繡制圖案。
11、葵扇
俗稱蒲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。由(you)蒲葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)、柄(bing)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),質(zhi)輕(qing),價廉,是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國應用(yong)最為(wei)普(pu)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)子。葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)葉(xie)圓(yuan)正,葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)柄(bing)細(xi)(xi)勻,生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)復雜,品種多(duo)(duo)(duo)。葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)制(zhi)作(zuo)工(gong)藝(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)先選擇(ze)柄(bing)長(chang)30多(duo)(duo)(duo)厘米、色(se)(se)澤(ze)淺碧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)葉(xie),摘后(hou)日曬約20天,干(gan)后(hou),色(se)(se)澤(ze)變白(bai)(bai);再(zai)以(yi)(yi)水(shui)洗(xi)、烘干(gan),并以(yi)(yi)重物壓平(ping);然(ran)后(hou)隨葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小,剪成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不同(tong)規(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)形(xing),再(zai)以(yi)(yi)篾絲(si)(si)(si)(si)、絲(si)(si)(si)(si)線(xian)(xian)緣(yuan)其(qi)(qi)邊(bian),仍用(yong)其(qi)(qi)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)柄(bing)為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)。葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種很多(duo)(duo)(duo),除一(yi)(yi)般常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)外(wai),還(huan)有玻(bo)璃(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、漂白(bai)(bai)編(bian)織葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等。玻(bo)璃(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)選擇(ze)初發(fa)未舒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺綠嫩葉(xie),經(jing)過日曬,色(se)(se)澤(ze)晶(jing)瑩潔白(bai)(bai),再(zai)經(jing)水(shui)洗(xi)、硫磺(huang)熏蒸,色(se)(se)乃益(yi)白(bai)(bai),如同(tong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li),因而得名。漂白(bai)(bai)編(bian)織葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將玻(bo)璃(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)葉(xie)剖成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2~4mm細(xi)(xi)條(tiao),然(ran)后(hou)手(shou)(shou)(shou)工(gong)編(bian)織成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)杏仁形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),并在(zai)(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上以(yi)(yi)金銀(yin)線(xian)(xian)、彩(cai)色(se)(se)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)線(xian)(xian)繡成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種圖案(an)。烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)人物、山(shan)水(shui)等,風格古雅。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)雙面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將兩(liang)把(ba)形(xing)狀、規(gui)格完全相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縫合為(wei)一(yi)(yi)把(ba),然(ran)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)正反兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)觀賞。葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)除了裝(zhuang)飾以(yi)(yi)刺繡、烙(luo)(luo)畫(hua)外(wai),還(huan)有漆畫(hua),或用(yong)細(xi)(xi)針(zhen)刺成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種圖案(an)。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格不一(yi)(yi),大(da)者長(chang)90多(duo)(duo)(duo)厘米,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)遮陽。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)俗稱細(xi)(xi)邊(bian),以(yi)(yi)金銀(yin)線(xian)(xian)、絹、彩(cai)色(se)(se)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)線(xian)(xian)、篾絲(si)(si)(si)(si)、細(xi)(xi)長(chang)條(tiao)藤(teng)皮(pi)等手(shou)(shou)(shou)工(gong)纏繞(rao)、縫制(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)大(da)多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)原葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柄(bing),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)葵(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)(kui)柄(bing)外(wai)纏繞(rao)細(xi)(xi)長(chang)條(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藤(teng)皮(pi),或外(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)套(tao)上染(ran)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)管(guan),執于手(shou)(shou)(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)柔(rou)滑(hua)而舒適。高級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)則另飾以(yi)(yi)方(fang)竹(zhu)、湘妃竹(zhu)、佛肚竹(zhu)等名貴竹(zhu)材(cai),或用(yong)象牙、玳瑁等制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柄(bing)。2010年,睢寧縣下邳蒲扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)編(bian)織技藝(yi)列(lie)入徐州(zhou)非物質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)。
12、篾絲扇
又稱竹編(bian)扇(shan)、龔扇(shan)。以篾(mie)絲(si)編(bian)織成扇(shan)面。
篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇(shan)產于四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、浙(zhe)江、湖(hu)南等地,以四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)為最著(zhu)(zhu)名。四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇(shan)在明代已(yi)很著(zhu)(zhu)名。清代光緒年間(jian)(1875~1908),四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)自貢匠(jiang)師龔(gong)(gong)爵伍編(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)的(de)篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇(shan),人(ren)稱(cheng)龔(gong)(gong)扇(shan),所用篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si),細如毫(hao)發,每根長(chang)400mm、寬1mm、薄0.2mm,在日光映照下透(tou)明晶瑩,微風拂之(zhi)(zhi),則絲(si)(si)(si)絲(si)(si)(si)飛(fei)揚。所編(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)的(de)扇(shan)面(mian),光滑無(wu)痕,宛(wan)如綾(ling)絹。扇(shan)柄(bing)多為牛骨制(zhi)成(cheng),下墜以流(liu)蘇。20世紀初,龔(gong)(gong)爵伍之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)龔(gong)(gong)玉(yu)璋繼承父業(ye),能(neng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)復雜的(de)仕女(nv)、山水、花(hua)鳥等畫(hua)面(mian),清晰、美觀。龔(gong)(gong)扇(shan)已(yi)傳(chuan)至第(di)三代,即龔(gong)(gong)玉(yu)璋之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)龔(gong)(gong)長(chang)榮(rong)、龔(gong)(gong)玉(yu)文兄弟(di)。他們編(bian)(bian)(bian)織(zhi)的(de)篾(mie)絲(si)(si)(si)扇(shan)曾(ceng)在美國(guo)、日本(ben)展出(chu)。
13、人像掛扇
以婚紗照、寫(xie)真照和(he)(he)兒童照等各種人像(xiang)照片為扇(shan)(shan)面(mian)的掛(gua)扇(shan)(shan),人像(xiang)掛(gua)扇(shan)(shan)(以下簡稱(cheng)像(xiang)扇(shan)(shan))是現(xian)代影(ying)像(xiang)技術(shu)和(he)(he)古
老制扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)技藝的(de)巧妙融(rong)和,像(xiang)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)從(cong)設計到(dao)輸出(chu),都采用了與當前(qian)影(ying)樓業相同(tong)的(de)技術和材料,因此其畫(hua)質已經達到(dao)了影(ying)像(xiang)級別,色(se)彩還原(yuan)真實,細(xi)節表現優異。古時(shi),新婚之(zhi)(zhi)夜又(you)稱(cheng)卻(que)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)夕,因婚禮上(shang)要行卻(que)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)禮,作卻(que)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)詩,紅蓋頭即是由(you)卻(que)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)禮中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)子演變(bian)而來(lai)。古往今(jin)來(lai),人(ren)們(men)曾經以繪畫(hua)、刺繡(xiu)等(deng)技法在(zai)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)上(shang)形成人(ren)物畫(hua)面(mian),今(jin)天借助現代科技又(you)出(chu)現了以婚紗照等(deng)為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)的(de)人(ren)像(xiang)掛(gua)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),像(xiang)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為源遠流長的(de)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong),又(you)添(tian)加一股清新時(shi)尚的(de)現代氣息。
14、其他
麥秸編織扇子、鴨腳扇、竹板扇、筍(sun)(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等。麥秸(jie)編(bian)(bian)織扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主要產(chan)于(yu)浙江(jiang)浦江(jiang)。它是(shi)以(yi)(yi)麥秸(jie)編(bian)(bian)織成扁帶,然(ran)后纏(chan)繞(rao)成圓(yuan)形作(zuo)為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian);再以(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)片下(xia)端為柄(bing),上端劈削而(er)(er)為二(er),將麥秸(jie)編(bian)(bian)織扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)夾于(yu)其(qi)中(zhong),并在扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)央(yang)貼以(yi)(yi)五(wu)色綾絹,上繡圖案,作(zuo)為裝飾。鴨腳扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)因(yin)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)形如(ru)鴨腳而(er)(er)得名。產(chan)于(yu)浙江(jiang)、廣(guang)東(dong)、四川(chuan)等省。它以(yi)(yi)長30cm左(zuo)右的(de)竹(zhu)片制成,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)下(xia)端的(de)三(san)分之一為柄(bing),其(qi)余三(san)分之二(er)則(ze)劈削成數十根篾絲,然(ran)后以(yi)(yi)細線將篾絲編(bian)(bian)結(jie)成鴨腳形扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian),再以(yi)(yi)紙糊扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian),以(yi)(yi)絹、錦(jin)緣其(qi)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)邊而(er)(er)成。竹(zhu)板扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產(chan)于(yu)浙江(jiang)。它以(yi)(yi)長30cm、寬15cm左(zuo)右的(de)竹(zhu)板為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian),熨之使其(qi)平(ping)整。因(yin)竹(zhu)板扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)色澤白潤如(ru)玉,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)又名玉版扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。筍(sun)(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)產(chan)于(yu)福建。它以(yi)(yi)巨筍(sun)(sun)殼(ke)(ke)壓平(ping)而(er)(er)為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian),長30cm,寬18cm左(zuo)右。扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)正面(mian)(mian)潔白光潤,有的(de)飾以(yi)(yi)烙(luo)畫(hua);背面(mian)(mian)為筍(sun)(sun)殼(ke)(ke)外(wai)皮赭色,如(ru)同檳(bin)榔(lang),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)又名檳(bin)榔(lang)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。筍(sun)(sun)殼(ke)(ke)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)執于(yu)手中(zhong),樸實而(er)(er)高(gao)雅。