一、什么是光纖激光器
光纖(xian)激光器(qi)(Fiber Laser)是(shi)指用摻稀土(tu)元素玻璃光纖(xian)作(zuo)為增益介質的激光器(qi),光纖(xian)激光器(qi)可在(zai)光纖(xian)放大(da)器(qi)的基礎上開發出來(lai):在(zai)泵(beng)浦光的作(zuo)用下光纖(xian)內極(ji)易形(xing)成高功率密度(du),造成激光工(gong)作(zuo)物質的激光能(neng)級“粒子數反轉(zhuan)”,當適(shi)當加入正反饋回(hui)路(構(gou)成諧振腔)便可形(xing)成激光振蕩輸出。
光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)器應用范圍非(fei)常廣泛(fan),包(bao)括激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)通訊(xun)、激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)空間遠(yuan)距通訊(xun)、工業造船、汽(qi)車制(zhi)造、激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)雕(diao)刻(ke)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)打(da)標激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)切割、印刷制(zhi)輥、金(jin)屬非(fei)金(jin)屬鉆孔/切割/焊接(jie)(銅焊、淬水、包(bao)層以及深度焊接(jie))、軍事國防安全、醫療器械儀器設備、大型基礎建設,作(zuo)為其他激(ji)(ji)光(guang)(guang)器的(de)泵浦源等等。
二、光纖激光器有哪些種類
(一)按照光纖材料的種類進行分類
1、晶體(ti)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)器(qi)。工作物質是激(ji)(ji)光(guang)晶體(ti)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian),主要(yao)有(you)紅寶石單晶光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)器(qi)和nd3+:YAG單晶光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)(ji)光(guang)器(qi)等(deng)。
2、非線性光學型(xing)光纖激(ji)光器(qi)。主(zhu)要有受(shou)激(ji)喇曼散射(she)光纖激(ji)光器(qi)和受(shou)激(ji)布(bu)里淵散射(she)光纖激(ji)光器(qi)。
3、稀(xi)土類摻(chan)雜(za)光(guang)纖(xian)激光(guang)器。光(guang)纖(xian)的(de)基質材料(liao)是玻璃(li),向光(guang)纖(xian)中摻(chan)雜(za)稀(xi)土類元(yuan)素離子使之(zhi)激活,而制成(cheng)光(guang)纖(xian)激光(guang)器。
4、塑料光纖(xian)激光器。向(xiang)塑料光纖(xian)芯(xin)部或包層內摻入(ru)激光染料而制成光纖(xian)激光器。
(二)按增益介質分類為
1、晶體光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)。工作(zuo)物質(zhi)是激(ji)光晶體光纖(xian),主(zhu)要有(you)紅寶(bao)石(shi)單(dan)晶光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)和Nd3+:YAG單(dan)晶光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)等。
2、非線性光(guang)學型光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)光(guang)器。主要(yao)有受激(ji)喇曼散射(she)(she)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)光(guang)器和受激(ji)布里淵散射(she)(she)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激(ji)光(guang)器。
3、稀土(tu)類摻雜光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)器。向光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)中摻雜稀土(tu)類元素離(li)子使(shi)之激(ji)活,(Nd3+、Er3+、Yb3+、Tm3+等,基質可以是石英玻璃(li)、氟化鋯玻璃(li)、單晶)而制成光(guang)(guang)纖(xian)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)器。
4、塑(su)料光(guang)纖激(ji)光(guang)器(qi)。向塑(su)料光(guang)纖芯部(bu)或(huo)包(bao)層(ceng)內摻入(ru)激(ji)光(guang)染(ran)料而制成光(guang)纖激(ji)光(guang)器(qi)。
(三)按諧振腔結構分類
分(fen)為F-P腔(qiang)、環形(xing)腔(qiang)、環路反射器光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)諧(xie)振腔(qiang)以及“8”字形(xing)腔(qiang)、DBR光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)器、DFB光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)激光(guang)(guang)(guang)器等(deng)。
(四)按光纖結構分類
分為單包層(ceng)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)激光(guang)器(qi)、雙包層(ceng)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)激光(guang)器(qi)、光(guang)子晶體光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)激光(guang)器(qi)、特(te)種(zhong)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)激光(guang)器(qi)。
(五)按輸出激光特性分類
分為連續光纖激光器和(he)脈沖光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi),其中脈沖光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)根據其脈沖形(xing)成(cheng)原理又可(ke)分為(wei)調Q光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)(脈沖寬度為(wei)ns量級)和(he)鎖模光纖(xian)激(ji)光器(qi)(脈沖寬度為(wei)ps或fs量級)。