汽車制動器是什么

汽車制動器是指產生阻礙車輛運動或運動趨勢的(de)力（制動力）的(de)部件，其中(zhong)也(ye)包括輔(fu)助制動系統中(zhong)的(de)緩(huan)速裝置。

汽車制動器有哪幾種

汽(qi)(qi)車制動(dong)(dong)器簡單的(de)說就是汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)制動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置，汽(qi)(qi)車所(suo)用的(de)制動(dong)(dong)器幾乎都是摩擦式的(de)，主要可(ke)分為(wei)鼓式和盤(pan)式兩大類。

1、盤式制動器

盤式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)又(you)稱(cheng)為碟式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)，顧(gu)名(ming)思義是取(qu)其形狀而得名(ming)。它由液壓(ya)(ya)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要零部(bu)件(jian)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤、分(fen)泵以及制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗(qian)(qian)和(he)油管等(deng)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤用合(he)金鋼制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)并(bing)固定在車(che)輪上(shang)隨車(che)輪轉動(dong)(dong)。分(fen)泵固定在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)底板上(shang)固定不動(dong)(dong)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗(qian)(qian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)兩個摩擦片(pian)分(fen)別裝(zhuang)在制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤的(de)(de)(de)兩側。分(fen)泵的(de)(de)(de)活塞受油管輸送來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)液壓(ya)(ya)作用，推動(dong)(dong)摩擦片(pian)壓(ya)(ya)向制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤發生摩擦制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)作起來(lai)就好象用鉗(qian)(qian)子(zi)鉗(qian)(qian)住旋轉中的(de)(de)(de)盤子(zi)迫使(shi)它停(ting)下來(lai)一樣。

這種制動器散熱快(kuai)重量輕，構造(zao)簡單調整方便。特別(bie)是高負載時耐高溫性(xing)能好，制動效果穩定而且不怕泥水侵襲(xi)，在冬季和惡劣路況下(xia)行車盤式制動比鼓式制動更容易在較短的時間內令車停(ting)下(xia)。

2、鼓式制動器

鼓(gu)式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器是最早形(xing)式(shi)(shi)的汽車(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器，當盤式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器還沒有(you)出現前它已經(jing)廣泛(fan)用于(yu)各類(lei)汽車(che)上。但由于(yu)結構問(wen)題使它在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)中散熱性能差和排(pai)水(shui)性能差，容(rong)易導致制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率(lv)下(xia)降，因此在(zai)近三十年(nian)中在(zai)轎車(che)領(ling)域上已經(jing)逐(zhu)步退出讓位給盤式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器。但由于(yu)成本比(bi)較低(di)所以仍(reng)然在(zai)一些經(jing)濟類(lei)轎車(che)中使用，主要用于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)負荷比(bi)較小的后輪和駐(zhu)車(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器一(yi)般用于后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)。典(dian)型的(de)鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器主要由底板(ban)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鼓、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)、輪(lun)(lun)缸(gang)(gang)（制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)分(fen)泵）以及回(hui)位(wei)彈簧和定(ding)位(wei)銷等(deng)零部件(jian)(jian)組成。底板(ban)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在車(che)軸(zhou)的(de)固(gu)定(ding)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)固(gu)定(ding)不動(dong)(dong)的(de)，上(shang)面(mian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)、輪(lun)(lun)缸(gang)(gang)、回(hui)位(wei)彈簧和定(ding)位(wei)銷，承受(shou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時的(de)旋轉扭力。每一(yi)個鼓有(you)一(yi)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)有(you)摩(mo)擦襯片。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鼓則是(shi)(shi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在輪(lun)(lun)轂上(shang)，是(shi)(shi)隨車(che)輪(lun)(lun)一(yi)起旋轉的(de)部件(jian)(jian)，它是(shi)(shi)由一(yi)定(ding)份量(liang)的(de)鑄鐵(tie)做成，形狀(zhuang)似(si)園鼓狀(zhuang)。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)時輪(lun)(lun)缸(gang)(gang)活塞推動(dong)(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)(ti)(ti)壓迫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鼓，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鼓受(shou)到摩(mo)擦減速(su)迫使車(che)輪(lun)(lun)停止(zhi)轉動(dong)(dong)。

汽車制動器故障怎么辦

如果車主正在駕駛中，那么千萬不要慌張，盡量把車速降下來，然后盡快靠邊選擇安全位置停靠，對汽車進行檢查。第一檢查剎車油是否缺少，如果有缺少注意是否有地方漏油；第二檢查剎車片磨損程度。