汽車制動器是什么

汽車制動器是指產生阻礙車輛運(yun)(yun)動(dong)或(huo)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)趨勢(shi)的力（制(zhi)動(dong)力）的部件，其中也包(bao)括(kuo)輔助制(zhi)動(dong)系統(tong)中的緩速裝置。

汽車制動器有哪幾種

汽(qi)車(che)制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)說就(jiu)是(shi)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)裝置，汽(qi)車(che)所(suo)用的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)幾乎(hu)都(dou)是(shi)摩擦(ca)式的(de)(de)，主要可分為鼓(gu)式和盤式兩大類。

1、盤式制動器

盤式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器又稱為(wei)碟式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器，顧名思(si)義是取其形狀而得名。它由液壓控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)主要零部件有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤、分(fen)(fen)泵(beng)以及制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗和油(you)管等(deng)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤用合金鋼(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)造并固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)車(che)輪(lun)上(shang)隨車(che)輪(lun)轉動(dong)(dong)。分(fen)(fen)泵(beng)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器的(de)底板上(shang)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)不動(dong)(dong)。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗上(shang)的(de)兩(liang)個摩(mo)擦(ca)片分(fen)(fen)別裝在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤的(de)兩(liang)側。分(fen)(fen)泵(beng)的(de)活塞受油(you)管輸(shu)送(song)來的(de)液壓作用，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)擦(ca)片壓向制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤發生(sheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)，動(dong)(dong)作起來就好象用鉗子鉗住(zhu)旋轉中的(de)盤子迫(po)使它停下來一樣。

這種制(zhi)動器(qi)散(san)熱(re)快重量輕(qing)，構造簡單調整(zheng)方便(bian)。特別是(shi)高負載時耐(nai)高溫性(xing)能好，制(zhi)動效果穩定而(er)且不(bu)怕泥水侵襲，在冬季和(he)惡劣(lie)路(lu)況下行車盤式(shi)制(zhi)動比鼓式(shi)制(zhi)動更容(rong)易在較短的時間內令車停下。

2、鼓式制動器

鼓式(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)是最早形(xing)式(shi)的汽車制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)，當盤式(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)還沒有出(chu)現前它(ta)已經廣泛用于(yu)(yu)各(ge)類汽車上(shang)。但由于(yu)(yu)結構問題使(shi)它(ta)在(zai)制(zhi)動(dong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)散熱性能差和排水性能差，容(rong)易導(dao)致制(zhi)動(dong)效率(lv)下降，因此在(zai)近三十年中(zhong)在(zai)轎車領域上(shang)已經逐步退出(chu)讓位(wei)給盤式(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)。但由于(yu)(yu)成本比(bi)較低所以仍然在(zai)一些經濟類轎車中(zhong)使(shi)用，主要用于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)動(dong)負荷比(bi)較小的后輪和駐車制(zhi)動(dong)。

鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)器一(yi)般(ban)用于后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。典(dian)型的鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)器主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)底板、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)鼓、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)蹄、輪(lun)(lun)(lun)缸（制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)分泵）以(yi)及(ji)回位(wei)(wei)彈(dan)簧和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)等零部件(jian)組成。底板安(an)裝在(zai)車軸的固(gu)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)上是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)不動(dong)的，上面裝有(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)蹄、輪(lun)(lun)(lun)缸、回位(wei)(wei)彈(dan)簧和定(ding)位(wei)(wei)銷(xiao)，承(cheng)受制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)時的旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)扭力。每一(yi)個鼓有(you)一(yi)對制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)蹄，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)蹄上有(you)摩擦襯片。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)鼓則是(shi)安(an)裝在(zai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)轂(gu)上，是(shi)隨(sui)車輪(lun)(lun)(lun)一(yi)起旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)的部件(jian)，它是(shi)由(you)一(yi)定(ding)份量的鑄鐵(tie)做(zuo)成，形狀(zhuang)(zhuang)似(si)園鼓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)時輪(lun)(lun)(lun)缸活塞(sai)推動(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)蹄壓迫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)鼓，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)鼓受到摩擦減(jian)速迫使車輪(lun)(lun)(lun)停止轉(zhuan)動(dong)。

汽車制動器故障怎么辦

如果車主正在駕駛中，那么千萬不要慌張，盡量把車速降下來，然后盡快靠邊選擇安全位置停靠，對汽車進行檢查。第一檢查剎車油是否缺少，如果有缺少注意是否有地方漏油；第二檢查剎車片磨損程度。