棘輪是做什么用的

棘輪定義為一種外緣或內緣上具有剛性齒形表面或摩擦表面的齒輪，是(shi)組成棘輪機構的(de)重(zhong)要構件。由棘爪推動(dong)作步(bu)進運(yun)動(dong)，這種嚙合運(yun)動(dong)的(de)特點是(shi)棘輪只能向一個方向旋轉(zhuan)，而不能倒(dao)轉(zhuan)。

棘輪的結構

棘(ji)(ji)輪是組成棘(ji)(ji)輪機構的(de)主要構件。彈簧迫使止動(dong)爪(zhua)和(he)棘(ji)(ji)輪保(bao)持接觸。其中搖桿空套在(zai)(zai)棘(ji)(ji)輪軸上(shang)，棘(ji)(ji)爪(zhua)裝在(zai)(zai)搖桿上(shang)，而(er)棘(ji)(ji)輪則用鍵固聯在(zai)(zai)從動(dong)軸上(shang)。

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棘輪的原理

當(dang)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)搖(yao)桿(gan)逆時(shi)(shi)(shi)針擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棘(ji)爪便插(cha)入(ru)棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)的齒槽中(zhong)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)轉過一個角度，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)，止(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爪在棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)的齒背(bei)上滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)搖(yao)桿(gan)順(shun)(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，止(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爪阻止(zhi)棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)沿順(shun)(shun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)針方向轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)棘(ji)爪卻能夠在棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)齒背(bei)上滑過，故棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)靜止(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這樣，當(dang)搖(yao)桿(gan)作(zuo)連續的往(wang)復擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)便作(zuo)單向的間(jian)歇運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)的往(wang)復擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可由擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)從(cong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)凸輪(lun)(lun)機構(gou)、曲柄搖(yao)桿(gan)機構(gou)或由液壓傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)電(dian)磁裝置等得到。

棘輪的主要類型

1、齒(chi)式棘輪（機構(gou)）：外緣或(huo)內緣上具有(you)剛性(xing)輪齒(chi)；棘輪轉角(jiao)只能是(shi)相鄰兩齒(chi)所(suo)夾中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)角(jiao)的倍數(shu)，只能有(you)級(ji)地進行(xing)調節。結構(gou)簡單、制(zhi)造(zao)方便、運動可靠，但容(rong)易引起噪(zao)聲和齒(chi)尖磨損(sun)，傳動平穩性(xing)差。常用于牛頭刨床中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作(zuo)臺的橫向進給(gei)裝(zhuang)置。

2、摩擦式(shi)棘(ji)(ji)輪（機(ji)構）：通過棘(ji)(ji)爪與棘(ji)(ji)輪之間的(de)(de)摩擦力來傳遞運動(dong)(dong)，實現棘(ji)(ji)輪無級的(de)(de)間歇(xie)運動(dong)(dong)。常用(yong)于機(ji)床和自(zi)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)進給機(ji)構上，也常用(yong)作停(ting)止器或制動(dong)(dong)器。

3、超(chao)(chao)越式棘(ji)輪（機構）：除了常(chang)用于(yu)實(shi)現間(jian)歇運(yun)動外，還能實(shi)現超(chao)(chao)越運(yun)動，即從動件(jian)可以(yi)超(chao)(chao)越主(zhu)動件(jian)而轉動。常(chang)用于(yu)自行(xing)車后輪軸上。

產品的應用

1、棘輪扳手。利用棘(ji)輪(lun)機構(gou)原理制造的快(kuai)速扳(ban)手(shou)(shou)。例如：棘(ji)輪(lun)梅花(hua)扳(ban)手(shou)(shou)，棘(ji)輪(lun)六(liu)角扳(ban)手(shou)(shou)。

2、工業(ye)棘輪產品。一種手動(dong)螺(luo)絲(si)松(song)緊(jin)工具，單(dan)頭、雙頭多規格活(huo)動(dong)柄棘輪梅花(hua)(hua)扳手（固定孔的）。是由不同(tong)規格尺寸(cun)的主梅花(hua)(hua)套和(he)從(cong)梅花(hua)(hua)套通(tong)過鉸接鍵的陰(yin)鍵和(he)陽(yang)鍵咬合的方(fang)式連接的。由于一個梅花(hua)(hua)套具有兩個規格的梅花(hua)(hua)形通(tong)孔，使它可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)于兩種規格螺(luo)絲(si)的松(song)緊(jin)，從(cong)而擴大了使用(yong)范圍，節省了原材(cai)料和(he)工時費用(yong)。活(huo)動(dong)扳柄可(ke)以(yi)方(fang)便地(di)調整(zheng)扳手使用(yong)角(jiao)度。這種扳手用(yong)于螺(luo)絲(si)的松(song)緊(jin)操作，具有適(shi)用(yong)性強，使用(yong)方(fang)便和(he)造(zao)價低的特點。

3、棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)（樂(le)器）是(shi)敲擊(ji)樂(le)器的一種(zhong)。原理和工業(ye)用的棘(ji)輪(lun)(lun)一樣，裝有一個(ge)(ge)只能(neng)單方向轉動(dong)的齒輪(lun)(lun)，以(yi)及(ji)(ji)在齒牙邊裝上數塊(kuai)薄木(mu)片(pian)。當(dang)齒輪(lun)(lun)轉動(dong)時，齒牙觸(chu)及(ji)(ji)薄木(mu)片(pian)令到其彎曲，及(ji)(ji)后木(mu)片(pian)反彈回(hui)原位并接觸(chu)下一個(ge)(ge)齒牙，期(qi)間兩者(zhe)的磨(mo)擦及(ji)(ji)撞擊(ji)產(chan)生了(le)“啪(pa)、啪(pa)”聲的聲響。