一、熱室壓鑄機是什么
熱室(shi)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)機是指壓(ya)射(she)室(shi)和壓(ya)射(she)沖頭浸于(yu)(yu)熔(rong)融(rong)金(jin)屬(shu)內的(de)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)機,壓(ya)射(she)室(shi)經鵝頸管與壓(ya)鑄(zhu)型的(de)澆口連(lian)通(tong)。適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)鋅、鉛等(deng)低熔(rong)點(dian)有色(se)合(he)金(jin)零件,可廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)汽車、摩托(tuo)車配(pei)件、儀器(qi)儀表(biao)、日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)金(jin)、家用(yong)(yong)(yong)電器(qi)等(deng)工業部門。
二、熱室壓鑄機的特點
熱室壓鑄機的(de)(de)壓射(she)缸及壓室垂直布置,壓室沉入熔(rong)爐坩堝內(nei)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)液中(zhong)。壓室中(zhong)不存(cun)在空(kong)氣(qi),壓射(she)過程中(zhong)卷入氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)機(ji)會相對較(jiao)少。金(jin)屬(shu)液在封閉的(de)(de)管道中(zhong)流動,溫度(du)波動小,氧化(hua)夾雜機(ji)會小,可(ke)以使(shi)用較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)澆(jiao)注(zhu)溫度(du),金(jin)屬(shu)液質量提高(gao)。
熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)多(duo)用于薄壁(bi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)生產(chan)(chan),加之金(jin)屬液流程長(chang),壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力損失(shi)較大,增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)效果不(bu)如冷室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)明顯,所以熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)一(yi)般不(bu)設(she)增壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)。由于壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)(shi)(shi)組件(jian)長(chang)期沉入金(jin)屬液中,熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)一(yi)般只用于對壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)(shi)(shi)組件(jian)侵蝕性較小的鋅及(ji)鎂合金(jin)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的生產(chan)(chan)。由于不(bu)需額外的澆注操作,熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)節約循(xun)環時間,生產(chan)(chan)效率較冷室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)高。熱(re)室(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)需要對鵝(e)頸(jing)、射料管等(deng)部位進行(xing)加熱(re),防(fang)止被冷料堵塞。
三、冷室壓鑄機和熱室壓鑄機的區別
壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是在壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上進行的金(jin)屬型壓(ya)力(li)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造,是目前(qian)生產(chan)效率(lv)最(zui)高的鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工藝。壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)分為(wei)熱室(shi)(shi)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)冷室(shi)(shi)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)兩類。冷壓(ya)室(shi)(shi)壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)按其壓(ya)室(shi)(shi)結構和(he)布置方式分為(wei)臥式壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)立(li)式壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(包括(kuo)全立(li)式壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji))兩種。
熱(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)鑄機(ji)(簡稱熱(re)(re)空壓(ya)(ya)鑄機(ji))壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)浸(jin)在保溫溶化(hua)坩堝(guo)的液態金(jin)屬中,壓(ya)(ya)射(she)部件不直接與機(ji)座連(lian)接,而是裝(zhuang)在坩堝(guo)上面。這(zhe)種壓(ya)(ya)鑄機(ji)的優點(dian)(dian)是生(sheng)產(chan)工序簡單,效率高;金(jin)屬消耗(hao)少,工藝(yi)穩(wen)定。但壓(ya)(ya)室(shi),壓(ya)(ya)射(she)沖頭(tou)長期浸(jin)在液體金(jin)屬中,影響使用(yong)壽命,并易增加合(he)金(jin)的含鐵量。熱(re)(re)壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)壓(ya)(ya)鑄機(ji)目前(qian)大多用(yong)于壓(ya)(ya)鑄鋅(xin)合(he)金(jin)、鎂合(he)金(jin)等低熔(rong)點(dian)(dian)材料的鑄件生(sheng)產(chan)。
冷室壓鑄機的壓(ya)(ya)室與保溫爐是(shi)分開的。壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)時,從(cong)保溫爐中取出液(ye)體(ti)金屬(shu)澆入壓(ya)(ya)室后進行壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)。當今廣泛(fan)使用的鋁合金壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件,由于(yu)熔點較高,只能(neng)在冷室壓(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)機上生產(chan)。