一、電容器跳閘的原因分析

電容器組采用常用的星型接線方式，三相共體外殼接于同一鐵框架，框架接地。電容器內(nei)(nei)部(bu)結(jie)構為多個元(yuan)件并聯的(de)四串結(jie)構，并設置內(nei)(nei)熔絲(si)(si)保護，檢修(xiu)人員(yuan)(yuan)與廠家人員(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)損(sun)壞的(de)電(dian)(dian)容器進行解剖，發(fa)現受(shou)(shou)(shou)損(sun)電(dian)(dian)容器的(de)A、B相(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)熔絲(si)(si)均熔斷(duan)了兩根，外(wai)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)破裂，經過認(ren)真分析，認(ren)為一相(xiang)(xiang)熔絲(si)(si)熔斷(duan)兩根后，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)損(sun)傷，在外(wai)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)受(shou)(shou)(shou)傷的(de)情況(kuang)下，長期(qi)運行發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)殼擊穿，并發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)地。由(you)于單相(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)地呈不穩定電(dian)(dian)弧接(jie)地，使(shi)健全相(xiang)(xiang)產(chan)生(sheng)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而另一相(xiang)(xiang)也有兩熔絲(si)(si)熔斷(duan)，外(wai)包(bao)(bao)封(feng)受(shou)(shou)(shou)傷致使(shi)在過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作用下發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對(dui)殼擊穿，由(you)此形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)間短(duan)路，盡管保護可(ke)靠動作，但巨(ju)大(da)的(de)短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)熱效應(ying)，仍(reng)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)容器造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一定程度的(de)損(sun)傷，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)容器外(wai)殼嚴重(zhong)變形。

另外(wai)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中存在(zai)大(da)(da)量的(de)非線(xian)性(xing)負(fu)荷，使(shi)(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)占有(you)(you)一(yi)定含量。110kV張河(he)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)除擔(dan)任城郊居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)，主要擔(dan)任工業(ye)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，除幾條(tiao)10kV工業(ye)專線(xian)外(wai)，其他10kV線(xian)路上(shang)還有(you)(you)一(yi)些小型(xing)化(hua)工廠、鑄造廠等(deng)工業(ye)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，這些用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)都可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產生諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)。盡(jin)管每戶(hu)(hu)產生的(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)很少，但可(ke)以匯(hui)集成(cheng)較大(da)(da)的(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)饋(kui)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)水平升(sheng)高，影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網設備的(de)安全(quan)運行。由于此(ci)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)無功(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)裝置(zhi)，配置(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率為(wei)6的(de)串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)，6的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)率雖然能(neng)(neng)(neng)對5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)及以上(shang)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)有(you)(you)抑制作(zuo)用(yong)，但在(zai)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)下使(shi)(shi)串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗(kang)器(qi)與補(bu)(bu)償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)的(de)阻抗(kang)成(cheng)容(rong)性(xing)，出現諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放大(da)(da)現象，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)過負(fu)荷。盡(jin)管母(mu)線(xian)上(shang)以5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)為(wei)主，3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)含量不(bu)是很高，而裝設電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)后(hou)，容(rong)性(xing)阻抗(kang)將(jiang)原(yuan)有(you)(you)的(de)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)含量放大(da)(da)，可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)造成(cheng)內(nei)熔絲(si)熔斷(duan)(duan)。由于總保(bao)護(hu)按(an)四組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)1.3倍整定，而4組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)全(quan)部投(tou)入的(de)情況極(ji)少。當某(mou)一(yi)段時(shi)間內(nei)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)含量偏高時(shi)，總過流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)動作(zuo)，造成(cheng)某(mou)相內(nei)熔絲(si)熔斷(duan)(duan)，而內(nei)熔絲(si)熔斷(duan)(duan)后(hou)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)被及時(shi)發(fa)現，導致事(shi)故擴(kuo)大(da)(da)，造成(cheng)速斷(duan)(duan)跳(tiao)閘。

從保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)配置來看，電容器內(nei)部故(gu)障的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)只設置內(nei)熔(rong)絲保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，而并未設置導致事故(gu)擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)后備保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)——不平衡(heng)電壓保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，使內(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷后不能及時發現(xian)，造成速(su)斷跳閘事故(gu)，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)配置不完善是造成電容器事故(gu)擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)主要(yao)原因(yin)(yin)。

另外，不(bu)定期測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)也是(shi)造成事故(gu)擴大的(de)(de)原因之一。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內(nei)部(bu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)最直接的(de)(de)反應是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變化，而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)手段(duan)落(luo)后，進行(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)，需采用拆(chai)(chai)除連接線的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)方法(fa)，不(bu)僅測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)麻(ma)煩而(er)(er)且可能(neng)因拆(chai)(chai)裝(zhuang)連接線導致套管受力而(er)(er)發生套管漏(lou)油的(de)(de)故(gu)障。因此，自投入運行(xing)(xing)以來(lai)檢修(xiu)人(ren)員(yuan)從未進行(xing)(xing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，而(er)(er)又未設置(zhi)反應電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障的(de)(de)保(bao)護，當內(nei)部(bu)個別內(nei)熔絲熔斷(duan)時(shi)，無法(fa)及時(shi)發現，造成事故(gu)擴大。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電容器的常見故障和處理

（一）滲（漏）油

問題：

對(dui)于電容器來說，滲漏油就如(ru)同(tong)家常(chang)便飯一(yi)般(ban)，造成的原因也(ye)是相當多方多面的，主要有以(yi)下幾點(dian)：

1、由于搬(ban)運方法不當，或提(ti)拿瓷套(tao)管致使(shi)其法蘭焊接處產(chan)生裂縫。

2、接(jie)線時(shi)，因(yin)擰螺絲用力(li)過(guo)大造成瓷套(tao)焊(han)接(jie)處損傷。

3、產品制造過程(cheng)中存在的一些缺陷，均可能造成電容器(qi)出現滲、漏油現象。

4、電容器投入(ru)運行后，由于溫度變化劇烈，內部(bu)壓力增加(jia)則會使滲、漏油現(xian)象更加(jia)嚴(yan)重。

5、由(you)于運行維護(hu)不當，電容(rong)器長期(qi)運行缺(que)乏維修導(dao)致外殼漆層(ceng)剝落，鐵皮銹蝕，也是造成運行中電容(rong)器滲(shen)、漏油(you)的(de)一個原因。

雖然比(bi)較常見(jian)，但是(shi)可不能忽略哦，有時(shi)(shi)候一個小小的毛病就容易(yi)造成大(da)問題。電容器(qi)滲、漏油(you)的后果是(shi)使(shi)浸漬劑減少，元件(jian)上部(bu)容易(yi)受潮(chao)并擊穿而(er)使(shi)電容器(qi)損壞。所以，必須要進行及時(shi)(shi)的處理。

解決：

1、安裝電(dian)容(rong)器時(shi)，每臺電(dian)容(rong)器的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)最好采用(yong)單獨的軟(ruan)線(xian)與母線(xian)相連(lian)，不要采用(yong)硬母線(xian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)，以防止裝配應力造成電(dian)容(rong)器套管損壞(huai)，破壞(huai)密封而引起漏油。

2、搬(ban)(ban)運(yun)電容(rong)器時應直立放置，嚴(yan)禁搬(ban)(ban)拿套(tao)管(guan)；接線時，擰(ning)螺絲不能(neng)用力過大并要注意保(bao)護好套(tao)管(guan)。

3、電(dian)容器(qi)箱殼和套(tao)管焊(han)縫處滲(shen)(shen)油(you)，可對滲(shen)(shen)、漏處進(jin)行除(chu)銹，然后用錫釬焊(han)料修補，修補套(tao)管焊(han)縫處時應(ying)注意烙(luo)鐵不能過熱以免銀層脫落，修補后進(jin)行涂漆。滲(shen)(shen)、漏油(you)嚴(yan)重的要更(geng)換電(dian)容器(qi)。

（二）電容器外殼變形

問題：

由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器內部(bu)(bu)介質(zhi)在高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)用下發生游離，使(shi)介質(zhi)分解而析(xi)出(chu)氣體，或(huo)(huo)者由(you)于(yu)部(bu)(bu)分元件擊穿，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)(dian)極對外殼(ke)接地放電(dian)(dian)等原因均會使(shi)介質(zhi)析(xi)出(chu)氣體。密封的外殼(ke)中這些氣體將(jiang)引(yin)起內部(bu)(bu)壓力的增加，因而將(jiang)引(yin)起外殼(ke)膨脹變形。所以，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器外殼(ke)變形，是電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器發生故障或(huo)(huo)故障前的征兆。

解決：

經常對(dui)運行(xing)的電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)組(zu)進行(xing)外觀檢(jian)查，如發現電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)外殼膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)變形應及時采取措(cuo)施，膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)嚴重者（100Kvar以下每(mei)(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)量應不大于(yu)10mm；100Kvar及以上(shang)每(mei)(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)量就不大于(yu)20mm）應立即停止使用(yong)，并(bing)查明(ming)原因，更換電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。外殼膨(peng)(peng)脹(zhang)不嚴重的要采取通風措(cuo)施，加強運行(xing)檢(jian)查工作。

（三）保護裝置動作

問題：

1、由于電容(rong)(rong)器組(zu)三相電容(rong)(rong)量不平衡，造(zao)成三相電流(liu)不平衡，使電容(rong)(rong)器組(zu)保護裝置動作跳開電容(rong)(rong)器組(zu)斷路器。

2、對(dui)于裝有熔斷器(qi)(qi)保護(hu)裝置的電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，因電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)部異(yi)常、電容(rong)量變化(hua)、極對(dui)外殼接地(di)、涌(yong)流過(guo)大(da)和過(guo)電壓(ya)等情(qing)況，使熔斷器(qi)(qi)熔絲熔斷。

3、運行操作(zuo)不當(dang)，致(zhi)使電(dian)容器運行電(dian)壓超過規定值，使保護裝置動作(zuo)跳開斷(duan)路器。

解決：

1、定期測量電(dian)容(rong)器電(dian)容(rong)值，電(dian)容(rong)值偏(pian)差不(bu)超(chao)過額定值的(de)-5%～+10%范圍(wei)，電(dian)容(rong)值不(bu)應小于出(chu)廠值的(de)95%。

2、電(dian)容器組安裝(zhuang)之前，要分配一次電(dian)容量(liang)，使其(qi)三相容量(liang)平(ping)衡，其(qi)誤(wu)差(cha)不(bu)應超過(guo)一相總容量(liang)的5％；當(dang)裝(zhuang)有繼電(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)時還(huan)應滿足運行時平(ping)衡電(dian)流(liu)誤(wu)差(cha)不(bu)超過(guo)繼電(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)作電(dian)流(liu)的要求；保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)作后(hou)，應測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)容器極(ji)對外殼絕緣電(dian)阻不(bu)低于2000MΩ。

3、為了限制涌流和高次諧(xie)波的流入，電容器(qi)組(zu)應加裝(zhuang)串聯(lian)電抗(kang)器(qi)。

4、電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)應在(zai)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)，如電(dian)(dian)網上電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)達(da)不到(dao)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)出(chu)力，長期過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)發熱，加速絕緣老(lao)化，容易造成電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)損(sun)壞。根據規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，當電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)長期超過電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10%時，應將電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)退出(chu)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

5、采用熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)作電容器(qi)(qi)保護時，熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)的選(xuan)擇要適(shi)當，一般熔(rong)體的額定電流(liu)不應大(da)于電容器(qi)(qi)額定電流(liu)的1.3倍。

6、測量電容器(qi)極對外殼絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)應不低于2000MΩ。

（四）電容器瓷套表面閃絡放電

問題：

電(dian)容器(qi)在運行中，由于缺乏清掃和維護，其(qi)瓷(ci)(ci)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)(zang)污，臟(zang)(zang)污物吸(xi)附水分后，使瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)降低(di)，表(biao)面(mian)泄漏電(dian)流增(zeng)大，造成(cheng)(cheng)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)(shan)絡放(fang)電(dian)。另外，電(dian)容器(qi)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)臟(zang)(zang)污，在系統某種(zhong)過(guo)電(dian)壓的作用下，造成(cheng)(cheng)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)閃(shan)(shan)絡放(fang)電(dian)。閃(shan)(shan)絡放(fang)電(dian)的結(jie)果，導致瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)表(biao)面(mian)瓷(ci)(ci)質(zhi)損壞，可能造成(cheng)(cheng)瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)擊穿斷路器(qi)跳(tiao)閘事故(gu)。

解決：

運行(xing)中的電容(rong)(rong)器組應定期(qi)檢查、清掃(sao)；按防(fang)污等(deng)級(ji)采取(qu)相應防(fang)污措施，在污穢嚴重地區，電容(rong)(rong)器不(bu)宜安裝在室外。

（五）電容器爆炸

問題：

運(yun)行中電(dian)容器(qi)爆炸(zha)是一種惡(e)性(xing)事故，一般在內部元件發(fa)生極間或對外殼絕緣擊(ji)穿時，與之并聯(lian)的(de)其(qi)(qi)他電(dian)容器(qi)將對該(gai)電(dian)容器(qi)釋放很大(da)的(de)能量，可能會使電(dian)容器(qi)爆炸(zha)以致(zhi)引起火災。其(qi)(qi)原因有：

1、電容器內部元件擊穿：主要是由于制造工藝不(bu)良(liang)所引(yin)起。

2、電容(rong)器外(wai)殼絕緣(yuan)的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)：電容(rong)器高壓側(ce)引出(chu)線由(you)薄銅片制成，如果制造工藝不(bu)(bu)良，邊緣(yuan)不(bu)(bu)平有(you)毛(mao)刺或嚴重彎折(zhe)，其尖端(duan)容(rong)量產生(sheng)電暈，電暈會(hui)使油分(fen)解、箱殼膨脹、油面下(xia)降(jiang)而造成擊穿(chuan)。另外(wai)，在封蓋時轉角(jiao)處燒焊時間過長，將(jiang)內(nei)部(bu)絕緣(yuan)燒傷并產生(sheng)油污和(he)氣(qi)體使擊穿(chuan)電壓大(da)(da)大(da)(da)下(xia)降(jiang)而損(sun)壞(huai)。

3、密(mi)封(feng)不(bu)良和漏油(you)：由于(yu)裝配套管密(mi)封(feng)不(bu)良，潮氣進入(ru)內部，使(shi)絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻降低；或(huo)因漏油(you)使(shi)油(you)面下降，導致極對殼(ke)放電(dian)(dian)或(huo)元(yuan)件(jian)擊穿。

4、鼓肚和內(nei)部游(you)離：主要是由于內(nei)部產(chan)生電(dian)暈(yun)、擊(ji)穿放(fang)電(dian)和嚴重游(you)離時(shi)，電(dian)容器在過電(dian)壓的(de)作用下，會(hui)使元件起始(shi)游(you)離電(dian)壓降低到(dao)工作電(dian)場強度之下，由此(ci)引起一系列物理、化(hua)學(xue)、電(dian)氣效(xiao)應，使絕(jue)緣加速老化(hua)、分解，產(chan)生氣體。形成惡性循(xun)環，致使箱殼壓力增大，造成箱壁外(wai)鼓以致爆炸。

5、帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)閘(zha)引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)爆炸：任何額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)均(jun)禁止帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)閘(zha)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)每(mei)次重新合(he)(he)閘(zha)，必(bi)須在(zai)開關斷開的情(qing)況下將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后才(cai)能(neng)進(jin)行。否則(ze)合(he)(he)閘(zha)瞬間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)極性可(ke)能(neng)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)上殘留電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的極性相(xiang)反而引起爆炸。為此一(yi)般(ban)規定容(rong)(rong)(rong)量在(zai)160Kvar以上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)，應(ying)裝設無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時自動(dong)跳閘(zha)裝置，并規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)的開關不允許裝設自動(dong)重合(he)(he)閘(zha)。

此外，還(huan)可能由于溫度過高、通風不良、運行電壓(ya)過高、電壓(ya)諧(xie)波分量過大(da)或操(cao)作過電壓(ya)等而引起爆炸。

解決：

電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)投為了(le)防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)生爆裂事(shi)故，除要求加強運行(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)巡視(shi)檢查外(wai)，最主(zhu)要的(de)(de)是(shi)安裝電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)保護裝置，將電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釀成(cheng)爆裂事(shi)故前及(ji)時切(qie)除。在(zai)運行(xing)時，如發(fa)現電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)出“咕(gu)咕(gu)”聲，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內部絕(jue)緣崩(beng)潰的(de)(de)先兆，因此應停止運行(xing)，查找故障電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)生爆裂后，應更換電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

（六）端子安裝不牢

問題：

電(dian)容器接(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)安裝(zhuang)不牢，在電(dian)流通(tong)過導線時，將引起(qi)接(jie)觸電(dian)阻增(zeng)加(jia)，有時會發出(chu)“吱(zhi)吱(zhi)”的放電(dian)聲，使端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發熱變形(xing)，并(bing)發出(chu)放電(dian)聲，嚴重時將端(duan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燒(shao)紅熔化。

解決：

用紅外熱像儀測量端子及器身溫度。如端子表面有過發熱氧化現象，應打磨(mo)端子接(jie)觸面，涂上(shang)導電脂后擰緊螺絲。如端子發熱嚴重或熔化，應更換接(jie)線(xian)端。

（七）電容器溫度升高

問題：

主要原因是電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)長時間(jian)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓運行、附近的整流裝置產生的高(gao)次諧波流入使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)選擇不當、油(you)量過(guo)少和(he)通風條件差等。另(ling)外，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)長期運行后介(jie)質老化，介(jie)質損(sun)耗(hao)不斷增加都可(ke)能導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)溫升過(guo)高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)溫度(du)升高(gao)將(jiang)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的壽(shou)命并(bing)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)絕緣(yuan)擊穿(chuan)而損(sun)壞。

解決：

運行中應嚴格監視和控制電容器室的環境溫度，為了便于監視運行中的環境溫度，應選擇散熱條件最差處（電容器高度的三分之二處）裝設溫度計，要使溫度計的裝設位置便于觀察。為了監視電容器的外(wai)殼(ke)溫(wen)度(du)，可(ke)在(zai)電容(rong)器外(wai)殼(ke)上（銘牌附(fu)近）粘貼示(shi)溫(wen)蠟片。如(ru)(ru)室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)過高，應(ying)采取必要的通風、降溫(wen)措施，如(ru)(ru)果采取措施后仍然(ran)不(bu)能滿足(zu)室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)控制(zhi)在(zai)40℃以(yi)下的要求時(shi)，應(ying)立即停止運行。如(ru)(ru)系電容(rong)器問題應(ying)更換電容(rong)器。