一、電容器跳閘的原因分析

電容器組采用常用的星型接線方式，三相共體外殼接于同一鐵框架，框架接地。電容器內(nei)部(bu)結構為多個元件并聯(lian)的四串結構，并設置內(nei)熔(rong)(rong)絲保(bao)護(hu)，檢修(xiu)人員(yuan)與廠家人員(yuan)對(dui)損(sun)壞的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)進行解(jie)剖，發現受(shou)(shou)損(sun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的A、B相(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)熔(rong)(rong)絲均(jun)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)了兩根，外(wai)包封(feng)(feng)破裂，經過(guo)認真分析，認為一相(xiang)(xiang)熔(rong)(rong)絲熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)兩根后，造(zao)成外(wai)包封(feng)(feng)損(sun)傷，在(zai)外(wai)包封(feng)(feng)受(shou)(shou)傷的情況(kuang)下，長期運(yun)行發展成對(dui)殼擊(ji)穿，并發展成單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接地(di)。由于(yu)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)接地(di)呈不(bu)穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧接地(di)，使健全相(xiang)(xiang)產(chan)生過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而(er)另一相(xiang)(xiang)也有兩熔(rong)(rong)絲熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)，外(wai)包封(feng)(feng)受(shou)(shou)傷致使在(zai)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓作(zuo)用下發展成對(dui)殼擊(ji)穿，由此形(xing)成相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)短路(lu)(lu)，盡(jin)管保(bao)護(hu)可(ke)靠(kao)動(dong)作(zuo)，但巨大的短路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流產(chan)生的熱(re)效(xiao)應，仍對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)造(zao)成一定(ding)程度的損(sun)傷，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)外(wai)殼嚴重(zhong)變(bian)形(xing)。

另(ling)外(wai)由(you)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中存在(zai)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)非線性負(fu)荷，使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波占有一定含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)。110kV張(zhang)河變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)除(chu)擔任(ren)城郊居民用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)，主要擔任(ren)工(gong)業(ye)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，除(chu)幾條10kV工(gong)業(ye)專線外(wai)，其(qi)他(ta)10kV線路上還有一些(xie)小型化工(gong)廠(chang)、鑄造(zao)(zao)廠(chang)等工(gong)業(ye)用(yong)戶，這(zhe)些(xie)用(yong)戶都可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波。盡(jin)(jin)管每戶產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波很少，但可(ke)以匯集成(cheng)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)饋入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波水平升高，影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)設(she)備的(de)(de)安(an)全運行。由(you)于(yu)(yu)此變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)無功補償(chang)裝置，配置電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗率為(wei)6的(de)(de)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器，6的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗率雖然能(neng)對(dui)5次及以上諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波有抑制作用(yong)，但在(zai)3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波下(xia)使(shi)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器與補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)阻(zu)抗成(cheng)容(rong)性，出現諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放大現象，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器過(guo)負(fu)荷。盡(jin)(jin)管母線上以5次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波為(wei)主，3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)是很高，而(er)裝設(she)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器后，容(rong)性阻(zu)抗將原有的(de)(de)3次諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)放大，可(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷(duan)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)總(zong)(zong)保(bao)護(hu)按四組電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)1.3倍整定，而(er)4組電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器全部投入的(de)(de)情況極少。當某一段時(shi)間內(nei)(nei)(nei)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)偏高時(shi)，總(zong)(zong)過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)不(bu)能(neng)動作，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)某相內(nei)(nei)(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷(duan)，而(er)內(nei)(nei)(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷(duan)后不(bu)能(neng)被(bei)及時(shi)發現，導致事故擴大，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)速斷(duan)跳閘(zha)。

從保護(hu)配(pei)置(zhi)來看(kan)，電(dian)容器(qi)內(nei)(nei)部故障的保護(hu)只設置(zhi)內(nei)(nei)熔(rong)絲保護(hu)，而(er)并未設置(zhi)導致(zhi)事故擴大的后備保護(hu)——不平衡電(dian)壓保護(hu)，使內(nei)(nei)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷后不能及(ji)時發現(xian)，造成速斷跳閘事故，因(yin)此，保護(hu)配(pei)置(zhi)不完(wan)善(shan)是造成電(dian)容器(qi)事故擴大的主要原(yuan)因(yin)。

另外，不定期測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電容量(liang)(liang)(liang)也是造成事故擴(kuo)大的(de)(de)原因之一。由于電容器內部(bu)裝置最直接(jie)的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)應是電容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化，而電容量(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)手段落后(hou)，進行(xing)電容器電容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時，需(xu)采用拆除連(lian)接(jie)線(xian)的(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)方法，不僅測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)麻煩而且可能因拆裝連(lian)接(jie)線(xian)導致套管受力而發生(sheng)套管漏(lou)油的(de)(de)故障(zhang)。因此，自投入運行(xing)以來檢修人員從未進行(xing)過(guo)電容量(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，而又未設置反(fan)(fan)應電容器內部(bu)故障(zhang)的(de)(de)保(bao)護，當內部(bu)個別(bie)內熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷時，無法及時發現，造成事故擴(kuo)大。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電容器的常見故障和處理

（一）滲（漏）油

問題：

對于電容器來說，滲漏(lou)油(you)就如(ru)同家常便飯(fan)一般，造成(cheng)的原因(yin)也是相(xiang)當多方多面的，主要(yao)有(you)以下幾點(dian)：

1、由于搬運方法不(bu)當，或提(ti)拿瓷套(tao)管致(zhi)使(shi)其法蘭焊接處產生(sheng)裂縫。

2、接(jie)線時，因擰螺絲用力過大造(zao)成瓷套焊接(jie)處損傷。

3、產品制造(zao)過程中存在的一(yi)些缺陷(xian)，均(jun)可(ke)能造(zao)成電容器出現滲(shen)、漏(lou)油現象。

4、電容器(qi)投入運行后(hou)，由于溫(wen)度變化劇烈，內部(bu)壓(ya)力(li)增加則會使滲(shen)、漏(lou)油現象更加嚴重(zhong)。

5、由于運行維(wei)護不當(dang)，電容器長(chang)期運行缺(que)乏維(wei)修導致(zhi)外(wai)殼漆層剝落，鐵皮銹蝕(shi)，也(ye)是造成運行中電容器滲、漏(lou)油(you)的一個原(yuan)因。

雖然比較常(chang)見，但是可不(bu)能忽略哦(e)，有時(shi)候一(yi)個小小的毛病就容(rong)易造(zao)成大(da)問題。電(dian)容(rong)器滲(shen)、漏油的后果是使(shi)浸(jin)漬(zi)劑減少，元件(jian)上部容(rong)易受(shou)潮并擊穿而使(shi)電(dian)容(rong)器損(sun)壞。所以，必(bi)須(xu)要進(jin)行及(ji)時(shi)的處理(li)。

解決：

1、安(an)裝(zhuang)電容(rong)器(qi)時，每臺(tai)電容(rong)器(qi)的(de)接線(xian)最好采用(yong)單獨的(de)軟線(xian)與母線(xian)相連，不要采用(yong)硬母線(xian)連接，以防(fang)止(zhi)裝(zhuang)配(pei)應力造(zao)成電容(rong)器(qi)套管損壞(huai)(huai)，破壞(huai)(huai)密封而引起(qi)漏(lou)油。

2、搬(ban)運電容器時應直立(li)放置(zhi)，嚴禁搬(ban)拿套管；接(jie)線時，擰螺絲(si)不能用力過大并要注意(yi)保護好(hao)套管。

3、電容器箱殼和套(tao)管焊(han)(han)縫(feng)處滲(shen)(shen)油，可對滲(shen)(shen)、漏(lou)處進行除銹，然后用錫釬焊(han)(han)料修補(bu)，修補(bu)套(tao)管焊(han)(han)縫(feng)處時應注意烙鐵不能過熱以免銀層脫落，修補(bu)后進行涂漆(qi)。滲(shen)(shen)、漏(lou)油嚴重的(de)要更換(huan)電容器。

（二）電容器外殼變形

問題：

由(you)于電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部介(jie)質(zhi)在高壓電(dian)場作用(yong)下發(fa)生(sheng)游離(li)，使介(jie)質(zhi)分解(jie)而析(xi)(xi)出氣(qi)體，或者(zhe)由(you)于部分元件(jian)擊穿(chuan)，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)極對外(wai)殼接(jie)地放(fang)電(dian)等(deng)原(yuan)因(yin)均會使介(jie)質(zhi)析(xi)(xi)出氣(qi)體。密封的外(wai)殼中這些氣(qi)體將(jiang)(jiang)引起內部壓力的增加，因(yin)而將(jiang)(jiang)引起外(wai)殼膨脹變形。所(suo)以，電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)外(wai)殼變形，是電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障或故(gu)障前的征兆。

解決：

經常對運(yun)行(xing)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器組進(jin)行(xing)外觀檢查(cha)，如發現電(dian)容(rong)器外殼膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹變形應(ying)及時(shi)采取措施，膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹嚴重(zhong)者（100Kvar以下每(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹量應(ying)不大于10mm；100Kvar及以上每(mei)面膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹量就不大于20mm）應(ying)立即停止(zhi)使用，并查(cha)明原因，更換(huan)電(dian)容(rong)器。外殼膨(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)脹不嚴重(zhong)的(de)要采取通風(feng)措施，加(jia)強運(yun)行(xing)檢查(cha)工作。

（三）保護裝置動作

問題：

1、由(you)于電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組三(san)相(xiang)電容(rong)量(liang)不平衡，造(zao)成(cheng)三(san)相(xiang)電流不平衡，使電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置動作跳開電容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

2、對(dui)于裝有熔斷(duan)器(qi)保護裝置的電(dian)容器(qi)，因(yin)電(dian)容器(qi)內(nei)部異常、電(dian)容量(liang)變化(hua)、極對(dui)外(wai)殼接地、涌流過大和過電(dian)壓等情況，使熔斷(duan)器(qi)熔絲熔斷(duan)。

3、運(yun)行操(cao)作(zuo)不當，致使電容器運(yun)行電壓(ya)超過規定值，使保護裝置動作(zuo)跳開斷路器。

解決：

1、定期測量電容(rong)器電容(rong)值，電容(rong)值偏差不(bu)超過額定值的(de)(de)-5%～+10%范圍，電容(rong)值不(bu)應小于出廠值的(de)(de)95%。

2、電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器組(zu)安裝之前(qian)，要分配(pei)一(yi)次電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，使(shi)其三相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)平(ping)衡，其誤(wu)差不(bu)應(ying)(ying)超(chao)過(guo)一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)總容(rong)(rong)量(liang)的5％；當裝有繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置時還應(ying)(ying)滿足運行時平(ping)衡電(dian)流誤(wu)差不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動作電(dian)流的要求；保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置動作后(hou)，應(ying)(ying)測量(liang)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器極對外殼絕緣電(dian)阻不(bu)低于2000MΩ。

3、為了限制涌流和高次諧(xie)波(bo)的流入(ru)，電容器(qi)組(zu)應(ying)加裝串聯電抗器(qi)。

4、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)應在額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下(xia)使用，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過低(di)，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)達不到(dao)額定出力(li)，長(chang)期過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)運(yun)行使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)發熱，加速(su)絕緣老化(hua)，容(rong)易造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)損壞。根據規定，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)長(chang)期超過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)10%時，應將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)退出運(yun)行。

5、采(cai)用熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)作電容器(qi)(qi)保護時(shi)，熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)選擇要適當，一(yi)般熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)的(de)(de)額(e)定電流不應大于電容器(qi)(qi)額(e)定電流的(de)(de)1.3倍。

6、測量(liang)電容器極對外殼(ke)絕(jue)緣電阻應(ying)不(bu)低于2000MΩ。

（四）電容器瓷套表面閃絡放電

問題：

電容(rong)器(qi)在(zai)運行中(zhong)，由于缺乏清掃和維護，其瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)絕緣表(biao)面(mian)(mian)臟(zang)污(wu)，臟(zang)污(wu)物吸附水分后，使瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)絕緣降低，表(biao)面(mian)(mian)泄漏電流增大，造成瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)閃絡(luo)放電。另外(wai)，電容(rong)器(qi)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)臟(zang)污(wu)，在(zai)系(xi)統某種過電壓的作用下，造成瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)閃絡(luo)放電。閃絡(luo)放電的結果，導致瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)質損壞(huai)，可能造成瓷(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套(tao)絕緣擊穿(chuan)斷路器(qi)跳閘事(shi)故。

解決：

運行(xing)中的電容(rong)器組應定期(qi)檢查、清掃；按防污(wu)等級(ji)采取相應防污(wu)措施，在污(wu)穢(hui)嚴(yan)重地區，電容(rong)器不宜(yi)安裝(zhuang)在室外(wai)。

（五）電容器爆炸

問題：

運行中電容器爆炸是一種惡性(xing)事故，一般在內部(bu)元(yuan)件(jian)發生極間(jian)或對外殼絕緣擊(ji)穿時，與之(zhi)并聯的(de)其他(ta)電容器將(jiang)對該(gai)電容器釋放很大(da)的(de)能量，可(ke)能會使電容器爆炸以致(zhi)引起火(huo)災。其原因有：

1、電(dian)容器內部元件擊穿：主要是由(you)于制造工藝不良所引起。

2、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)外(wai)殼(ke)絕緣的損(sun)壞(huai)：電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)高壓(ya)側引出線(xian)由薄(bo)銅片制成，如(ru)果制造工藝(yi)不(bu)良，邊緣不(bu)平有毛刺或嚴重彎折，其尖端(duan)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)暈，電(dian)(dian)暈會使(shi)油分解(jie)、箱殼(ke)膨脹(zhang)、油面下降(jiang)而(er)造成擊穿。另外(wai)，在封蓋(gai)時(shi)轉角處燒焊時(shi)間過長，將內部絕緣燒傷(shang)并產生(sheng)油污和氣體使(shi)擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大大下降(jiang)而(er)損(sun)壞(huai)。

3、密(mi)封不良和漏(lou)油(you)：由于裝配套管密(mi)封不良，潮氣進(jin)入內部，使(shi)絕緣電阻(zu)降低；或(huo)因漏(lou)油(you)使(shi)油(you)面下降，導致極對殼放電或(huo)元件(jian)擊穿。

4、鼓肚和內部游離：主要是由(you)于內部產(chan)(chan)生電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)、擊穿放電(dian)(dian)和嚴重(zhong)游離時，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器在過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)作用下，會使元件起始游離電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降低到工作電(dian)(dian)場強度之下，由(you)此引起一系列物理、化學(xue)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)效應，使絕緣(yuan)加(jia)速老化、分(fen)解(jie)，產(chan)(chan)生氣(qi)體(ti)。形成惡性(xing)循(xun)環，致使箱殼壓(ya)力增大，造成箱壁外(wai)鼓以致爆炸。

5、帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)閘引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)爆炸(zha)：任(ren)何額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)均(jun)禁止(zhi)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)閘。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)每(mei)次(ci)重新(xin)合(he)閘，必須(xu)在開關斷開的(de)情況下將電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后才能(neng)進(jin)行。否則合(he)閘瞬間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓極性(xing)可(ke)能(neng)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)上(shang)殘留電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)極性(xing)相反而引起爆炸(zha)。為此(ci)一般規定(ding)容(rong)量在160Kvar以上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)，應(ying)裝設(she)(she)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時自(zi)動跳閘裝置，并規定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)的(de)開關不(bu)允(yun)許裝設(she)(she)自(zi)動重合(he)閘。

此外，還可能由于溫度過(guo)高、通風不良、運行(xing)電壓過(guo)高、電壓諧波(bo)分量過(guo)大(da)或操作過(guo)電壓等而引(yin)起爆炸。

解決：

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)投為了防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器發(fa)(fa)(fa)生爆(bao)(bao)裂(lie)事故，除要(yao)求(qiu)加強運行中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)巡(xun)視檢查(cha)外，最(zui)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)安(an)裝電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)保護裝置，將電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器釀成(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)裂(lie)事故前(qian)及時(shi)切除。在運行時(shi)，如發(fa)(fa)(fa)現電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器發(fa)(fa)(fa)出“咕咕”聲，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器內部絕緣崩潰的(de)(de)(de)先(xian)兆，因此應停止(zhi)運行，查(cha)找故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器發(fa)(fa)(fa)生爆(bao)(bao)裂(lie)后，應更(geng)換電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器。

（六）端子安裝不牢

問題：

電(dian)容器接線端子安裝不(bu)牢，在電(dian)流通過導(dao)線時，將(jiang)(jiang)引起接觸電(dian)阻增加，有時會發出“吱吱”的(de)放電(dian)聲，使端子發熱變形(xing)，并發出放電(dian)聲，嚴重時將(jiang)(jiang)端子燒紅(hong)熔化。

解決：

用(yong)紅(hong)外(wai)熱(re)像儀測量端(duan)子(zi)及器(qi)身溫度。如(ru)端(duan)子(zi)表面有過發(fa)熱(re)氧化(hua)現象(xiang)，應打磨端(duan)子(zi)接觸面，涂上導電脂后(hou)擰(ning)緊螺(luo)絲。如(ru)端(duan)子(zi)發(fa)熱(re)嚴(yan)重或熔化(hua)，應更換接線端(duan)。

（七）電容器溫度升高

問題：

主要原因是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)長時(shi)間過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓運(yun)行、附近的(de)整流(liu)裝置產(chan)生的(de)高(gao)次諧波流(liu)入使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)選擇不當(dang)、油量過少和通風條件差等。另外，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)長期(qi)運(yun)行后介質老化，介質損耗不斷增加都可能導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)溫升過高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)溫度升高(gao)將影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)壽命(ming)并(bing)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣擊穿而損壞(huai)。

解決：

運行中應嚴格監視和控制電容器室的環境溫度，為了便于監視運行中的環境溫度，應選擇散熱條件最差處（電容器高度的三分之二處）裝設溫度計，要使溫度計的裝設位置便于觀察。為了監視電容器的外殼溫度，可在電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)外殼上(shang)（銘(ming)牌(pai)附近(jin)）粘(zhan)貼(tie)示溫蠟片。如室溫過(guo)高，應采取(qu)必(bi)要(yao)的通風、降溫措施，如果采取(qu)措施后仍然不能(neng)滿足室溫控制在40℃以下的要(yao)求時，應立即停止運行。如系電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)問題應更換電(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)。