一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是(shi)指出(chu)線瓷(ci)套管(guan)、電容元件組(zu)和外殼等組(zu)成的一類電容器。高壓電容器具有(you)耗損低、質量輕的特(te)點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要由出線瓷(ci)套管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)組和外殼等(deng)組成(cheng)。外殼由薄鋼板密封焊接(jie)(jie)而(er)(er)成(cheng)，出線瓷(ci)套管焊接(jie)(jie)在(zai)外殼上(shang)。接(jie)(jie)線端子從出線瓷(ci)套管中引(yin)出。外殼內的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)組（又稱為(wei)芯子）由若干(gan)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)連接(jie)(jie)而(er)(er)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)紙、膜紙復合或純(chun)薄膜作(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)介(jie)質，用(yong)鋁鉑作(zuo)極板卷制而(er)(er)成(cheng)的。為(wei)適應各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耐壓(ya)的要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)可(ke)串(chuan)聯或并聯。單(dan)臺三(san)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)組在(zai)外殼內部接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)三(san)角形(xing)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)10kV及以下的高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內，每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)上(shang)都串(chuan)有一(yi)個(ge)熔絲，作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的內部短路保護。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷(duan)開后，能夠通過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)般(ban)情況下10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殘壓(ya)可(ke)降(jiang)至(zhi)75V以下。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電容器具有(you)耗損低、質量(liang)輕(qing)的特點(dian)，主要作用有(you)：

1、在輸電(dian)線路中，利用高(gao)壓電(dian)容器可以(yi)組(zu)成串補(bu)站，提(ti)高(gao)輸電(dian)線路的(de)輸送能力(li)。

2、在大型變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站中(zhong)，利用高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可以組(zu)成靜(jing)止型相控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器式(shi)動態無功補償(chang)裝置（SVC），提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量。

3、在配電線(xian)路末端，利用高壓電容器可以提高線(xian)路末端的(de)功率因數，保障(zhang)線(xian)路末端的(de)電壓質量。

4、在變電站的中、低壓(ya)各段母線，均裝(zhuang)有高(gao)壓(ya)電容器，以補(bu)償(chang)負荷(he)消耗(hao)的無功(gong)，提高(gao)母線側的功(gong)率因數。

5、在(zai)有非線性負荷的負荷終端站，也會裝設高壓電(dian)容器，作(zuo)為濾波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電(dian)容器應有標出(chu)基本參數等(deng)內容的制造廠銘牌(pai)。

2、電容器金屬外(wai)殼應(ying)有(you)明顯接地標志，其外(wai)殼應(ying)與金屬架構共(gong)同接地。

3、電(dian)容器周圍環境無易燃、易爆危險，無劇烈沖擊和震動。

4、電(dian)(dian)容器應有溫度(du)測量設備，可在(zai)適當部位安裝溫度(du)計(ji)或貼示溫蠟片。一(yi)般情況下，環境(jing)溫度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時，充礦(kuang)物油(you)(you)的電(dian)(dian)容器允(yun)許(xu)溫升(sheng)為50℃，充硅(gui)油(you)(you)的電(dian)(dian)容器允(yun)許(xu)溫升(sheng)為55℃。

5、電容器應(ying)有合格(ge)的放電設(she)備。

6、允(yun)許過電壓(ya)：電容器組在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)運行時，可在(zai)1.1倍(bei)額定(ding)電壓(ya)下(xia)長期(qi)運行。對于瞬時過電壓(ya)，時間較短時根據過電壓(ya)時間限定(ding)過電壓(ya)倍(bei)數。

7、允(yun)許過電流：電容器組(zu)允(yun)許在1.3倍額(e)定電流下(xia)長期運行(xing)。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)路的斷路器(qi)，再拉(la)開(kai)其他各支(zhi)路的斷路器(qi)；恢復全(quan)變電所送電時的操作(zuo)順(shun)序與(yu)停電操作(zuo)相反，應先(xian)閉(bi)合(he)各支(zhi)路的斷路器(qi)，最后閉(bi)合(he)高壓電容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)的斷路器(qi)。事故(gu)情況下，全(quan)站無(wu)電后，必須(xu)將高壓電容(rong)器(qi)組(zu)的支(zhi)路斷路器(qi)先(xian)斷開(kai)。

2、并聯電(dian)容器(qi)組斷路器(qi)跳閘后不準強送電(dian)。熔(rong)體熔(rong)斷后，在未查明原(yuan)因之前，不可更換熔(rong)體后恢復(fu)送電(dian)。

3、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)禁止在自身帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)時(shi)合(he)閘。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)本身有存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，將它接(jie)入交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)兩端(duan)所承(cheng)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就會(hui)超過(guo)其額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)剛斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)閘，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)本身有存儲的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)所承(cheng)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)兩倍以上的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)峰值，這不僅有害于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，更可(ke)能(neng)燒(shao)斷(duan)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)或使(shi)斷(duan)路器(qi)(qi)跳(tiao)閘，以防產生過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)組(zu)再次合(he)閘，應在其斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。