一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是(shi)指出線瓷套(tao)管、電(dian)容(rong)元件組和外殼(ke)等(deng)組成的一(yi)類電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。高壓電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)具有耗(hao)損(sun)低(di)、質量輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要由出(chu)線瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)和外殼等組(zu)成(cheng)。外殼由薄鋼板(ban)密封(feng)焊接(jie)(jie)而成(cheng)，出(chu)線瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)焊接(jie)(jie)在外殼上(shang)。接(jie)(jie)線端子從出(chu)線瓷(ci)(ci)套(tao)管(guan)中引出(chu)。外殼內的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)芯子）由若(ruo)干(gan)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)連接(jie)(jie)而成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)紙、膜紙復合或純薄膜作(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)介(jie)質(zhi)，用鋁鉑作(zuo)極板(ban)卷制而成(cheng)的(de)(de)。為(wei)適應各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耐壓的(de)(de)要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)可串聯或并聯。單臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元件(jian)(jian)組(zu)在外殼內部接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)三角形。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)10kV及(ji)以下(xia)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)上(shang)都串有一個熔絲，作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)內部短路(lu)保護。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷開后，能夠通(tong)過放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般(ban)情況下(xia)10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殘壓可降至75V以下(xia)。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高(gao)壓電容器具有耗(hao)損低(di)、質量輕的(de)特點，主要作用有：

1、在輸電(dian)線(xian)路中，利用高壓電(dian)容器可以組成(cheng)串補(bu)站，提高輸電(dian)線(xian)路的輸送(song)能力。

2、在大型變電站中，利(li)用高壓電容器(qi)可以組成靜止型相控電抗(kang)器(qi)式動態無功補償裝置（SVC），提高電能質量。

3、在配電(dian)線路末(mo)(mo)端，利用高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容器可以提高(gao)(gao)線路末(mo)(mo)端的功率因數(shu)，保(bao)障線路末(mo)(mo)端的電(dian)壓(ya)質量(liang)。

4、在變電站的中、低壓各段母線，均裝有(you)高壓電容器，以補償(chang)負荷消耗的無(wu)功，提高母線側的功率因數。

5、在(zai)有非線性負(fu)荷的負(fu)荷終(zhong)端站，也(ye)會裝設高壓電(dian)容器，作為濾波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容器應有標出(chu)基本參數等內容的制造廠(chang)銘牌(pai)。

2、電容器金屬外殼應(ying)有(you)明顯接地標志，其外殼應(ying)與金屬架構(gou)共同接地。

3、電容器周圍(wei)環境無(wu)易(yi)(yi)燃、易(yi)(yi)爆危險，無(wu)劇烈沖擊和震動。

4、電(dian)容器應(ying)有溫(wen)(wen)度(du)測量設備，可在(zai)適(shi)當部位安裝溫(wen)(wen)度(du)計或貼(tie)示(shi)溫(wen)(wen)蠟片。一般(ban)情況(kuang)下，環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時，充礦物油的電(dian)容器允許(xu)溫(wen)(wen)升為50℃，充硅油的電(dian)容器允許(xu)溫(wen)(wen)升為55℃。

5、電容(rong)器應(ying)有(you)合格的(de)放電設備。

6、允(yun)許過(guo)電(dian)壓：電(dian)容器組在(zai)日(ri)常(chang)運行(xing)時(shi)，可在(zai)1.1倍(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)壓下長(chang)期運行(xing)。對(dui)于(yu)瞬時(shi)過(guo)電(dian)壓，時(shi)間較(jiao)短時(shi)根據過(guo)電(dian)壓時(shi)間限定(ding)過(guo)電(dian)壓倍(bei)數。

7、允許過電(dian)流(liu)：電(dian)容(rong)器組允許在(zai)1.3倍額(e)定電(dian)流(liu)下長期運行(xing)。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支路的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)，再拉(la)開其他各(ge)支路的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)；恢(hui)復全(quan)變電(dian)所送電(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)操作順(shun)序與停電(dian)操作相(xiang)反，應先(xian)閉(bi)合(he)(he)各(ge)支路的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)，最(zui)后閉(bi)合(he)(he)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容器(qi)組的(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)。事故(gu)情況(kuang)下，全(quan)站無電(dian)后，必須將高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容器(qi)組的(de)(de)支路斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)先(xian)斷(duan)(duan)開。

2、并聯電容器組(zu)斷路器跳閘后(hou)不準強(qiang)送電。熔(rong)體熔(rong)斷后(hou)，在(zai)未查明原因之前，不可更換(huan)熔(rong)體后(hou)恢復送電。

3、高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)禁(jin)止在自身(shen)(shen)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)時(shi)合閘(zha)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)(shen)有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，將它接入交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)兩(liang)端所承受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就會(hui)超過其(qi)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)剛斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又(you)合閘(zha)，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)(shen)有(you)存儲的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)所承受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可能達到兩(liang)倍以(yi)上的額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓峰(feng)值，這不僅(jin)有(you)害于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，更可能燒斷(duan)(duan)(duan)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)或使斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路器(qi)跳閘(zha)，以(yi)防(fang)產(chan)生(sheng)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組再次合閘(zha)，應在其(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。