一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線瓷套管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容元件組和外殼(ke)等組成的一類電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器具有耗(hao)損低(di)、質量輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)出線瓷(ci)套管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)和(he)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)等組(zu)成。外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)由(you)薄鋼板密封(feng)焊接(jie)而成，出線瓷(ci)套管(guan)焊接(jie)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)上(shang)。接(jie)線端子(zi)從出線瓷(ci)套管(guan)中引(yin)出。外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)芯(xin)子(zi)）由(you)若干個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)連接(jie)而成。電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)紙、膜(mo)紙復(fu)合或純薄膜(mo)作為(wei)工作介質，用鋁鉑作極板卷制而成的(de)(de)。為(wei)適應(ying)各種電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)耐壓(ya)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)可(ke)串聯(lian)或并聯(lian)。單(dan)臺三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)客元(yuan)件(jian)組(zu)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)內(nei)部接(jie)成三角(jiao)形。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)10kV及以下(xia)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)內(nei)，每個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)元(yuan)件(jian)上(shang)都串有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)熔絲(si)，作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)內(nei)部短路(lu)保護。有(you)(you)些電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)設有(you)(you)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)與電(dian)(dian)網斷(duan)開后(hou)，能夠通過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，一(yi)(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia)10min后(hou)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)殘壓(ya)可(ke)降至75V以下(xia)。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電容(rong)器具有耗(hao)損低、質量(liang)輕的特點(dian)，主要作用有：

1、在輸(shu)電線路(lu)中，利用(yong)高壓電容器可(ke)以組成(cheng)串補(bu)站(zhan)，提高輸(shu)電線路(lu)的輸(shu)送(song)能(neng)力(li)。

2、在大(da)型(xing)變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)中，利用高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)可以組成靜止型(xing)相控電(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)式動態無功(gong)補償(chang)裝置(zhi)（SVC），提高電(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量。

3、在(zai)配電(dian)線路末(mo)端(duan)，利用高(gao)壓電(dian)容器(qi)可以提(ti)高(gao)線路末(mo)端(duan)的(de)(de)功率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)，保障線路末(mo)端(duan)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓質量。

4、在(zai)變電站(zhan)的(de)(de)中、低壓各段母線，均裝有高(gao)壓電容器(qi)，以(yi)補償負荷消耗的(de)(de)無(wu)功，提(ti)高(gao)母線側的(de)(de)功率因(yin)數。

5、在有非線性負荷(he)的(de)負荷(he)終端(duan)站(zhan)，也會(hui)裝設高壓電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)，作為濾(lv)波(bo)用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容(rong)器應有標出基本參數(shu)等內容(rong)的制造廠銘(ming)牌。

2、電容器金(jin)屬外(wai)殼應有明顯接地標志，其外(wai)殼應與(yu)金(jin)屬架構共同接地。

3、電容器周(zhou)圍環境無(wu)易燃、易爆危(wei)險(xian)，無(wu)劇烈沖擊(ji)和震動。

4、電(dian)容器應有溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)測量設(she)備，可在(zai)適當部(bu)位安裝溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)計或貼示(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)蠟片。一般情(qing)況下(xia)，環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時，充(chong)(chong)礦(kuang)物油(you)的(de)電(dian)容器允(yun)許溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升為50℃，充(chong)(chong)硅油(you)的(de)電(dian)容器允(yun)許溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升為55℃。

5、電(dian)容器應(ying)有合格的放(fang)電(dian)設備。

6、允許過(guo)電壓：電容(rong)器組在日常運行時(shi)，可在1.1倍額定(ding)電壓下長期運行。對于(yu)瞬時(shi)過(guo)電壓，時(shi)間較短時(shi)根據過(guo)電壓時(shi)間限(xian)定(ding)過(guo)電壓倍數。

7、允(yun)許(xu)過電流(liu)(liu)：電容器組允(yun)許(xu)在1.3倍(bei)額定電流(liu)(liu)下長(chang)期運行(xing)。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)路的(de)(de)斷(duan)路器(qi)，再(zai)拉(la)開(kai)(kai)其他各支(zhi)路的(de)(de)斷(duan)路器(qi)；恢復全變電所(suo)送(song)電時的(de)(de)操(cao)作順序與停電操(cao)作相反，應先(xian)閉合(he)(he)各支(zhi)路的(de)(de)斷(duan)路器(qi)，最后閉合(he)(he)高壓電容器(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)斷(duan)路器(qi)。事故情況下，全站(zhan)無(wu)電后，必須(xu)將高壓電容器(qi)組(zu)的(de)(de)支(zhi)路斷(duan)路器(qi)先(xian)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)。

2、并聯電容器(qi)組斷路(lu)器(qi)跳閘后(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)準強送(song)電。熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)熔(rong)(rong)斷后(hou)(hou)，在未查明(ming)原因之前，不(bu)(bu)可更換熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)后(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)送(song)電。

3、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)禁止在自身(shen)(shen)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷時合(he)閘。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)(shen)有存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，將(jiang)它接入交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)兩(liang)端所(suo)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就會超過(guo)其(qi)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)剛斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)閘，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)本身(shen)(shen)有存儲的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)所(suo)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可能達到兩(liang)倍以上的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值，這不僅(jin)有害于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)，更可能燒斷(duan)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)或使(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)跳閘，以防(fang)產(chan)生過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)組再次合(he)閘，應在其(qi)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行(xing)。