一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線(xian)瓷(ci)套管、電容元件(jian)組和外殼等組成(cheng)的(de)一類電容器(qi)。高壓電容器(qi)具有耗損低、質量輕的(de)特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器主要(yao)由(you)出線瓷套(tao)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)和外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)等(deng)組(zu)成。外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)由(you)薄鋼板(ban)密(mi)封焊接(jie)(jie)而(er)成，出線瓷套(tao)管(guan)焊接(jie)(jie)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)上。接(jie)(jie)線端子從出線瓷套(tao)管(guan)中引出。外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)內(nei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱為(wei)芯子）由(you)若干(gan)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)連接(jie)(jie)而(er)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器紙、膜紙復合或(huo)純薄膜作(zuo)為(wei)工(gong)作(zuo)介質(zhi)，用鋁鉑作(zuo)極板(ban)卷制而(er)成的(de)。為(wei)適(shi)應各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器耐壓的(de)要(yao)求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)可串(chuan)聯或(huo)并聯。單臺三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元件(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)殼(ke)(ke)內(nei)部接(jie)(jie)成三角形(xing)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)10kV及以下(xia)的(de)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器內(nei)，每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件(jian)(jian)(jian)上都串(chuan)有一個(ge)熔絲，作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)內(nei)部短路保護。有些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器設有放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)斷開后，能夠通過(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般情況下(xia)10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器殘壓可降至75V以下(xia)。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電容器(qi)具有(you)耗損低、質量輕的特點，主(zhu)要作用有(you)：

1、在(zai)輸(shu)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中，利用(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓電(dian)容器可以(yi)組成(cheng)串(chuan)補站，提高(gao)(gao)輸(shu)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)輸(shu)送(song)能力。

2、在大(da)型(xing)變(bian)電(dian)站中，利(li)用高壓電(dian)容器可以組(zu)成靜止型(xing)相控電(dian)抗(kang)器式動態無功補(bu)償裝置(zhi)（SVC），提高電(dian)能質(zhi)量。

3、在(zai)配電(dian)線路末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)，利用高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)容器可以提高(gao)(gao)線路末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)的功率因數，保障線路末(mo)端(duan)(duan)(duan)的電(dian)壓(ya)質量(liang)。

4、在(zai)變電站的(de)(de)中、低(di)壓各(ge)段母線，均(jun)裝有高壓電容器(qi)，以補償負荷消耗的(de)(de)無功(gong)，提高母線側(ce)的(de)(de)功(gong)率因(yin)數。

5、在有非線(xian)性負荷的負荷終端站，也會(hui)裝設高(gao)壓(ya)電容器，作為(wei)濾波用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容(rong)器應有標出基(ji)本參(can)數等(deng)內容(rong)的制造廠銘牌。

2、電(dian)容(rong)器金(jin)屬外殼(ke)應有明顯接地(di)標(biao)志(zhi)，其外殼(ke)應與金(jin)屬架構共同接地(di)。

3、電容器周圍環境無(wu)易燃、易爆危(wei)險，無(wu)劇烈沖(chong)擊(ji)和(he)震動。

4、電容器應(ying)有溫(wen)度(du)測量設備，可在(zai)適當部位安裝溫(wen)度(du)計或貼示溫(wen)蠟片。一般情況下，環境溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)+40℃之問時(shi)，充礦物油的電容器允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)為50℃，充硅(gui)油的電容器允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)升(sheng)為55℃。

5、電(dian)容器應有合(he)格(ge)的放(fang)電(dian)設(she)備。

6、允許過(guo)電(dian)壓：電(dian)容器(qi)組在日常運(yun)行時，可在1.1倍額定電(dian)壓下長期運(yun)行。對于瞬時過(guo)電(dian)壓，時間較短時根據過(guo)電(dian)壓時間限(xian)定過(guo)電(dian)壓倍數(shu)。

7、允許過電流：電容器組(zu)允許在1.3倍額定電流下(xia)長期運行。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，再拉開其他各支路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；恢(hui)復全變(bian)電(dian)(dian)所送電(dian)(dian)時的(de)操(cao)作順序(xu)與停(ting)電(dian)(dian)操(cao)作相(xiang)反，應先閉合各支路(lu)的(de)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，最后閉合高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。事故情(qing)況下，全站無電(dian)(dian)后，必(bi)須(xu)將高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)的(de)支路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)先斷(duan)開。

2、并(bing)聯(lian)電容(rong)器組(zu)斷(duan)路(lu)器跳閘后(hou)不(bu)準強送電。熔(rong)體熔(rong)斷(duan)后(hou)，在未查明原(yuan)因之前，不(bu)可(ke)更換熔(rong)體后(hou)恢復送電。

3、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)禁止在自身帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)時合(he)(he)閘。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)身有存(cun)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，將它接入交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)兩端所承受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就會(hui)超(chao)過其額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)剛(gang)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)(he)閘，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)身有存(cun)儲的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所承受的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)可能(neng)達到兩倍以上的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值，這不僅有害于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，更可能(neng)燒斷(duan)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)或使斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)跳閘，以防產(chan)生過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組再次合(he)(he)閘，應在其斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后進行。