一、高壓電容器是什么

高壓電容器是指出線瓷套管(guan)、電容元件組和(he)外殼等(deng)組成的一類(lei)電容器。高壓(ya)電容器具有耗損低、質(zhi)量輕的特點。

二、高壓電容器結構

高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)主要由(you)出(chu)線瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)和外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)等組(zu)成(cheng)。外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)由(you)薄鋼板密封(feng)焊(han)接(jie)而成(cheng)，出(chu)線瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)焊(han)接(jie)在外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)上。接(jie)線端子從出(chu)線瓷(ci)套(tao)管(guan)中引出(chu)。外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)（又稱(cheng)為(wei)芯子）由(you)若干個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)連接(jie)而成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)紙、膜紙復合或(huo)純薄膜作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)工作(zuo)(zuo)介質，用鋁鉑作(zuo)(zuo)極板卷制而成(cheng)的(de)(de)。為(wei)適(shi)應(ying)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)耐(nai)壓(ya)的(de)(de)要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可串聯或(huo)并聯。單臺三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)客元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組(zu)在外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)部接(jie)成(cheng)三角形(xing)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)10kV及以(yi)下的(de)(de)高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)內(nei)，每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上都串有(you)一個熔(rong)絲(si)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)內(nei)部短路保(bao)護。有(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)設有(you)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷開后，能夠(gou)通過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一般情況下10min后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)殘壓(ya)可降至75V以(yi)下。

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三、高壓電容器作用

高壓電(dian)容(rong)器具有(you)耗損低、質(zhi)量輕(qing)的特點，主要作用(yong)有(you)：

1、在輸(shu)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，利用高(gao)壓電容器可以組成串(chuan)補站，提高(gao)輸(shu)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的輸(shu)送能力(li)。

2、在大(da)型變電(dian)站中，利用高(gao)壓電(dian)容器可以組(zu)成靜止(zhi)型相(xiang)控電(dian)抗器式動(dong)態(tai)無(wu)功補(bu)償裝置（SVC），提高(gao)電(dian)能質量。

3、在配電線(xian)路(lu)末端，利用高壓(ya)電容器可以提高線(xian)路(lu)末端的功率因數，保障線(xian)路(lu)末端的電壓(ya)質量(liang)。

4、在變電(dian)站的中(zhong)、低(di)壓各(ge)段母線，均裝有高(gao)壓電(dian)容器，以補償負荷消耗的無功，提高(gao)母線側的功率因數(shu)。

5、在有(you)非線性(xing)負荷的負荷終端站，也會裝設高(gao)壓電(dian)容器(qi)，作為濾波(bo)用。

四、高壓電容器運行要求

1、電容(rong)器(qi)應有標(biao)出基(ji)本(ben)參數等內(nei)容(rong)的制造廠銘牌。

2、電容(rong)器金屬外殼應有明顯接(jie)地標(biao)志，其(qi)外殼應與金屬架構共同接(jie)地。

3、電容器周(zhou)圍環境無易燃(ran)、易爆危(wei)險(xian)，無劇烈沖擊和(he)震動。

4、電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)應(ying)有(you)溫(wen)(wen)度測量設備，可(ke)在(zai)適當部位安裝(zhuang)溫(wen)(wen)度計或貼示溫(wen)(wen)蠟(la)片。一般(ban)情況下，環境溫(wen)(wen)度在(zai)+40℃之問時，充(chong)礦物油的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)為50℃，充(chong)硅油的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)允(yun)許(xu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)為55℃。

5、電容器應有合格的(de)放電設備。

6、允許過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)：電(dian)容器(qi)組在日常運行時，可在1.1倍額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)下長期運行。對于瞬時過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)，時間較短時根據過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)時間限定(ding)過(guo)電(dian)壓(ya)倍數(shu)。

7、允許(xu)過電(dian)流：電(dian)容器組允許(xu)在1.3倍額定電(dian)流下(xia)長(chang)期運行(xing)。

五、高壓電容器注意事項

1、正常情況下，全變電所停電操作時，應先拉開高壓電容器支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器，再拉開其他各(ge)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器；恢(hui)復全變電所送電時的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)順(shun)序與停電操(cao)作(zuo)相反，應先閉合各(ge)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器，最(zui)后閉合高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電容器組的(de)(de)(de)(de)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器。事故情況下，全站無(wu)電后，必須(xu)將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電容器組的(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器先斷開。

2、并聯(lian)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)組斷(duan)路器(qi)跳閘后(hou)(hou)不(bu)準(zhun)強送(song)電(dian)。熔(rong)(rong)體熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)后(hou)(hou)，在未查明原因之前，不(bu)可更換熔(rong)(rong)體后(hou)(hou)恢復送(song)電(dian)。

3、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禁止在(zai)(zai)自身帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷時(shi)合(he)閘(zha)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本身有(you)存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，將(jiang)它接入(ru)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩端(duan)所(suo)承(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就會超過其額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)剛(gang)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又合(he)閘(zha)，因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本身有(you)存儲的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)承(cheng)(cheng)受(shou)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可能達(da)到兩倍以上的額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值，這(zhe)不僅有(you)害(hai)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，更可能燒斷熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或使斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)跳(tiao)閘(zha)，以防產生過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組再次合(he)閘(zha)，應在(zai)(zai)其斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)3min后(hou)進行(xing)。