一、細紗機的主要機構及作用
1、細紗機主要結構
各種(zhong)細紗(sha)機基本上都(dou)由喂入機構、牽伸機構、加拈和卷繞(rao)機構組成。
2、細紗機作用
紡(fang)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)過程中(zhong)把半制品粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)或條子經牽(qian)伸、加(jia)(jia)拈(nian)、卷繞成(cheng)細(xi)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)管(guan)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)的紡(fang)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)器熟條在(zai)粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)牽(qian)伸加(jia)(jia)拈(nian)制成(cheng)粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)。粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)經細(xi)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)牽(qian)伸加(jia)(jia)拈(nian)制成(cheng)細(xi)紗(sha)(sha)(sha),條子在(zai)粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)牽(qian)伸加(jia)(jia)拈(nian)制成(cheng)粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha),精(jing)梳(shu)機(ji)(ji)將纖維梳(shu)理制成(cheng)精(jing)梳(shu)條子,針(zhen)梳(shu)機(ji)(ji)將條子并合(he),針(zhen)排牽(qian)伸改善條子結(jie)構(gou),粗(cu)(cu)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)在(zai)環(huan)錠細(xi)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)進(jin)一步加(jia)(jia)拈(nian)紡(fang)成(cheng)細(xi)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)。
二、細紗機產生粗節多的原因
1、原料或半制品中棉結雜質和短絨含量多
短(duan)絨不(bu)僅影響成(cheng)紗條(tiao)干、強力,也(ye)會影響成(cheng)紗的棉(mian)結和(he)粗節數(shu)量。例如原料經(jing)過(guo)精(jing)梳工序加(jia)工后(hou),由于(yu)去除了生(sheng)條(tiao)中約40%~60%的棉(mian)結雜質和(he)短(duan)絨,不(bu)僅成(cheng)紗條(tiao)干好,強力高,粗節和(he)棉(mian)結數(shu)量也(ye)大大降低。
2、梳棉機梳理度不夠,針布滯鈍,短絨增加
特別在(zai)紡織滌/棉,滌/粘,棉/維(wei)等混紡紗(sha)(sha)時,因為(wei)化纖(xian)在(zai)切成短纖(xian)維(wei)時會產(chan)生并絲,注頭(tou)纖(xian)維(wei)束等,如果分梳時未(wei)能全部開松,在(zai)紡紗(sha)(sha)過程中會呈集束狀移動(dong),最(zui)后在(zai)細紗(sha)(sha)中出(chu)現粗節。
3、大粗節主要產生在細紗機上
僅有一小(xiao)部分大粗(cu)節在前(qian)紡(fang)工序造成。前(qian)紡(fang)工序造成大粗(cu)節的主要原(yuan)因(yin)是粗(cu)紗接頭不良,粗(cu)紗夾入飛花(hua)(hua)或積花(hua)(hua)等粗(cu)紗紗疵。
4、細紗工藝配置不合理
例如粗紗(sha)(sha)捻(nian)系數(shu),粗紗(sha)(sha)定(ding)量(liang)與細紗(sha)(sha)機后(hou)區牽伸工藝配合(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)當以及(ji)膠(jiao)圈(quan)張力,膠(jiao)圈(quan)鉗口隔距(ju)配置不(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)理等都會產生(sheng)粗節(jie)。紡中(zhong)低號(hao)普(pu)梳(shu)紗(sha)(sha)時,細紗(sha)(sha)機牽伸倍數(shu)高較(jiao)易造成較(jiao)多(duo)的粗節(jie)。這是因為粗號(hao)紗(sha)(sha)粗紗(sha)(sha)定(ding)量(liang)重,紗(sha)(sha)條進入前牽伸區后(hou)纖維運(yun)動(dong)激烈,上下膠(jiao)圈(quan)運(yun)動(dong)速度差異大,膠(jiao)圈(quan)剛性(xing)不(bu)(bu)勻和紗(sha)(sha)條不(bu)(bu)勻波動(dong)大而(er)易生(sheng)成粗節(jie)。
5、絡筒過程的影響
隨著絡(luo)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)速度的提高和絡(luo)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)張力的增(zeng)大,條(tiao)干CV值惡(e)化,粗(cu)細節和棉結均有所(suo)增(zeng)加。這是因為絡(luo)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)速度高,紗(sha)線受到導紗(sha)器,張力裝(zhuang)置和槽筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的急劇摩擦;絡(luo)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)張力的增(zeng)大,也會使紗(sha)線與(yu)絡(luo)紗(sha)部件(jian)碰撞摩擦,表面毛(mao)羽(yu)增(zeng)多,卷入(ru)紗(sha)體(ti)的一部分(fen)纖維也會露出紗(sha)體(ti),或(huo)使短(duan)絨積聚形成(cheng)粗(cu)節,或(huo)使部分(fen)紗(sha)體(ti)截面增(zeng)大而形成(cheng)粗(cu)節。