一、減速機概述

減速機的(de)全(quan)稱為(wei)減(jian)速電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，是電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與齒輪箱的(de)集合體(ti)——電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)一體(ti)機(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)要傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)結構由(you)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)（也(ye)稱為(wei)馬達）、齒輪箱組裝而(er)成的(de)減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)（減(jian)速設(she)備），具備連接、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)、減(jian)速、提(ti)升扭(niu)矩(ju)（承載能力）等功能；傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)按照結構類(lei)型分為(wei)直流有刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、直流無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、步進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、空心杯(bei)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)馬達等作(zuo)為(wei)減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)源，提(ti)供速、低扭(niu)矩(ju)轉速輸出，在齒輪箱的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下將輸出轉速降低、提(ti)升扭(niu)矩(ju)扭(niu)矩(ju)，達到理想傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)效果。

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二、齒輪箱概述

齒輪箱也稱為(wei)(wei)減速(su)器，主要結(jie)構由多個大小的傳動嚙合齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)組組裝(zhuang)而成(cheng)，運用在減速(su)機上。齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)按(an)照用途、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)結(jie)構又分為(wei)(wei)行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、圓(yuan)柱齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、平(ping)行(xing)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、斜(xie)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、蝸輪(lun)(lun)蝸桿齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)等，按(an)照材質分為(wei)(wei)塑膠齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)、金屬齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)；例(li)如行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)由于精(jing)度、壽命長(chang)、體(ti)積小、傳動效率、減速(su)范(fan)圍廣(guang)等特點被采(cai)用，行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)的結(jie)構由行(xing)星輪(lun)(lun)、太陽輪(lun)(lun)、內齒(chi)(chi)(chi)圈、傳動軸(zhou)、墊圈、箱(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)組裝(zhuang)而成(cheng)。

三、齒輪箱和減速機區別

一般情況下，減速機與齒輪箱(xiang)是(shi)(shi)沒有區別(bie)的(de)只是(shi)(shi)叫法不同，都是(shi)(shi)指同一種東西。實際上不可(ke)以(yi)完全(quan)等同，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)安(an)裝(zhuang)了電機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器，叫減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速電機(ji)(ji)(ji)，也可(ke)以(yi)叫三合一減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)（包括電機(ji)(ji)(ji)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)、制動器），但一般交談過程(cheng)中，減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)與減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器默(mo)認是(shi)(shi)指同一種東西。減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)與減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器可(ke)分(fen)為：齒輪減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)、蝸桿(gan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)和行星減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)等，或者齒輪減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器、蝸桿(gan)減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器和行星齒輪減(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)速器等。

齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)分(fen)為減(jian)(jian)速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)、增速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)、變速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)。減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)就是其中的減(jian)(jian)速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)。但是減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)該還包括(kuo)非齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)（或完全非齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)）的減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)，只要能達到減(jian)(jian)速(su)效果，可以(yi)不(bu)采用齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的方式，鏈輪(lun)(lun)、皮帶輪(lun)(lun)等等，都(dou)可以(yi)用于(yu)減(jian)(jian)速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，在這個情況下，減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)就不(bu)能完全等同于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)了。又(you)因為齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的效率(lv)高于(yu)其他的傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，而且傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)比精(jing)確，所以(yi)大(da)多數情況下采用齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的方式制造減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)，所以(yi)習慣上常把減(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(ji)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)當(dang)成一(yi)個東西。

綜上所述，減速機因是安裝了電機的減速器，齒輪箱大(da)多數(shu)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)采(cai)用齒輪傳動(dong)的方(fang)式制造減(jian)速(su)機。所(suo)以習慣上常(chang)把減(jian)速(su)器(qi)、齒輪箱與(yu)減(jian)速(su)機當成一種東西。除非在實際應(ying)用中有特殊要求(qiu)，才有微弱(ruo)的一些不同。比如乘坐的電梯(ti)就用減(jian)速(su)機，汽車(che)里用齒輪箱等(deng)。