一、減速機概述
減速機的全稱為減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),是電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)的集合(he)體——電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一體機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),主(zhu)要傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動結構(gou)由傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(也(ye)稱為馬達(da))、齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)組(zu)裝而成的減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)設備),具備連接(jie)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動、減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)、提(ti)升扭(niu)(niu)矩(承載能力)等(deng)功(gong)能;傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按照結構(gou)類型分為直流(liu)有刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、直流(liu)無刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、空心杯(bei)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)動馬達(da)等(deng)作為減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動源,提(ti)供速(su)(su)、低扭(niu)(niu)矩轉速(su)(su)輸出,在齒輪(lun)箱(xiang)的作用下將輸出轉速(su)(su)降(jiang)低、提(ti)升扭(niu)(niu)矩扭(niu)(niu)矩,達(da)到理想(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動效果。
二、齒輪箱概述
齒輪箱也(ye)稱為減(jian)速器,主要結(jie)構(gou)由(you)(you)多(duo)個大小的傳(chuan)動嚙合齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)組(zu)組(zu)裝而成,運用在減(jian)速機上。齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)按照(zhao)用途、齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)結(jie)構(gou)又分(fen)為行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、圓柱齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、直齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、平行(xing)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、斜齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蝸(gua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)蝸(gua)桿齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等,按照(zhao)材質分(fen)為塑膠(jiao)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金(jin)屬齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);例如行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)由(you)(you)于精度、壽命長、體積小、傳(chuan)動效率、減(jian)速范圍廣等特點(dian)被(bei)采用,行(xing)星齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的結(jie)構(gou)由(you)(you)行(xing)星輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、太(tai)陽(yang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)、內齒(chi)(chi)圈、傳(chuan)動軸、墊圈、箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體組(zu)裝而成。
三、齒輪箱和減速機區別
一般情況下,減速機與齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)箱是(shi)沒(mei)有區別的(de)只是(shi)叫(jiao)法不(bu)同(tong)(tong),都是(shi)指同(tong)(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)東(dong)西(xi)。實際上不(bu)可以完全等(deng)同(tong)(tong),減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)是(shi)安裝(zhuang)了(le)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi),叫(jiao)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)電(dian)機(ji),也可以叫(jiao)三合(he)一(yi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)(包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)機(ji)、減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)、制動器(qi)(qi)(qi)),但一(yi)般(ban)交談過程中(zhong),減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)與減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)默認是(shi)指同(tong)(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)東(dong)西(xi)。減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)與減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)可分為:齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)、蝸桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)和行(xing)星減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)機(ji)等(deng),或者齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、蝸桿減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和行(xing)星齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)減(jian)(jian)(jian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)。
齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)分為減速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)、增速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)、變速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)。減速(su)機(ji)(ji)就是其中的減速(su)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)。但是減速(su)機(ji)(ji)應(ying)該還包括非齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(或完(wan)全(quan)(quan)非齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))的減速(su)機(ji)(ji),只要能達到減速(su)效果,可(ke)以(yi)不采(cai)用(yong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的方(fang)(fang)式,鏈輪(lun)、皮帶(dai)輪(lun)等(deng)等(deng),都可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)于(yu)減速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),在這個情況下,減速(su)機(ji)(ji)就不能完(wan)全(quan)(quan)等(deng)同(tong)于(yu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)了(le)。又因為齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的效率高(gao)于(yu)其他的傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式,而且傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比精確,所以(yi)大多數情況下采(cai)用(yong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的方(fang)(fang)式制造減速(su)機(ji)(ji),所以(yi)習慣上常把(ba)減速(su)機(ji)(ji)和齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)當(dang)成一個東西。
綜上所述,減速機因是安裝了電機的減速器,齒輪箱大(da)多數情況下采用齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳動的方式制(zhi)造(zao)減(jian)(jian)速機。所以習(xi)慣(guan)上常(chang)把減(jian)(jian)速器、齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱與(yu)減(jian)(jian)速機當(dang)成一種東西。除非在實際應用中有特殊要(yao)求,才有微弱(ruo)的一些不同(tong)。比如乘坐的電梯(ti)就用減(jian)(jian)速機,汽車里用齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)箱等。