一、環網柜是干什么的

環網柜是一組輸配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備（高壓(ya)開關(guan)設備）裝在金(jin)屬(shu)或非金(jin)屬(shu)絕緣柜體(ti)內或做(zuo)成拼裝間隔式(shi)環(huan)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備，其核心部(bu)分(fen)采用負荷開關(guan)和熔斷器(qi)，具(ju)有結構簡(jian)單、體(ti)積小、價格低、可提(ti)高供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參數(shu)和性能以(yi)及供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全等優點。它被(bei)廣泛使用于(yu)城市(shi)住宅小區、高層(ceng)建筑、大(da)型公(gong)共(gong)建筑、工廠企業等負荷中心的(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站以(yi)及箱式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站中。

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二、環網柜的作用

環(huan)網(wang)柜的作用是聯系環(huan)網(wang)線路(lu)，提高線路(lu)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性，還有(you)就是保(bao)護(hu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、限(xian)制短(duan)(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，使變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)免于承受突發短(duan)(duan)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)流，并在10msl以內快(kuai)速切除變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)，防止(zhi)有(you)內部電(dian)(dian)弧弓起的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)動升(sheng)而導致(zhi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)損害(hai)，使變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)得到更為可靠(kao)合理(li)的保(bao)護(hu)。而對于變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側端(duan)部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)，合理(li)地選用高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔絲，由高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側熔斷器(qi)(qi)切除低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側端(duan)部短(duan)(duan)路(lu)故(gu)障(zhang)，有(you)效地保(bao)護(hu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)。

三、環網柜的工作原理

環(huan)(huan)網(wang)是(shi)指(zhi)環(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，即(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)干(gan)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)閉合的環(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)向這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)形(xing)(xing)干(gan)線(xian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)(cong)干(gan)線(xian)上再(zai)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)一(yi)(yi)路(lu)地通過高(gao)壓開關向外配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣的好處是(shi)，每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支路(lu)既可(ke)以從(cong)(cong)它(ta)的左側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，又可(ke)以從(cong)(cong)它(ta)右側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。當左側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)出了故(gu)障(zhang)，它(ta)就從(cong)(cong)右側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)繼續得到(dao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而當右側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)出了故(gu)障(zhang)，它(ta)就從(cong)(cong)左側(ce)(ce)干(gan)線(xian)繼續得到(dao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)來，盡管總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)單(dan)路(lu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，但從(cong)(cong)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)支路(lu)來說卻得到(dao)類似于(yu)雙路(lu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的實惠，從(cong)(cong)而提(ti)高(gao)了供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的可(ke)靠性。

所謂“環網柜”就(jiu)是(shi)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)配(pei)電支(zhi)路設一(yi)臺(tai)開(kai)關柜(ju)（出(chu)線開(kai)關柜(ju)），這臺(tai)開(kai)關柜(ju)的母線同時就(jiu)是(shi)環(huan)(huan)形干線的一(yi)部分。就(jiu)是(shi)說，環(huan)(huan)形干線是(shi)由每(mei)(mei)臺(tai)出(chu)線柜(ju)的母線連接起來共同組成的。每(mei)(mei)臺(tai)出(chu)線柜(ju)就(jiu)叫“環(huan)(huan)網柜(ju)”。實際上單獨拿出(chu)一(yi)臺(tai)環(huan)(huan)網柜(ju)是(shi)看不出(chu)“環(huan)(huan)網”的含義的。

這(zhe)些環網(wang)柜(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流都不大(da)，因而(er)環網(wang)柜(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)一般不采(cai)用(yong)(yong)結構復雜(za)的(de)(de)斷路(lu)器(qi)而(er)采(cai)取結構簡單(dan)的(de)(de)帶高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)熔(rong)斷器(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)負荷開(kai)關(guan)。也就(jiu)是說，環網(wang)柜(ju)(ju)中的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)一般是負荷開(kai)關(guan)。環網(wang)柜(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)負荷開(kai)關(guan)操作正常電(dian)(dian)流，而(er)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷器(qi)切除短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，這(zhe)兩者結合起來取代了斷路(lu)器(qi)。當(dang)然(ran)這(zhe)只(zhi)能局限在一定(ding)容量內。

這樣的(de)開關柜(ju)也(ye)完全可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)到(dao)非環(huan)網結構的(de)配電系統中，于是(shi)隨著這種開關柜(ju)的(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)(fan)應用(yong)，“環(huan)網柜(ju)”就跳出(chu)了環(huan)網配電的(de)范疇而泛(fan)(fan)指以(yi)負荷開關為主開關的(de)高壓開關柜(ju)了。