一、電抗器的和電容器的區別在哪里

1、構造不同

（1）電抗器也(ye)叫電感器，一個(ge)導體(ti)通(tong)電時就會在其所占據(ju)的一定空間范圍產生磁場，所以所有能載流的電導體(ti)都有一般意義上的感性(xing)。

（2）兩個(ge)相互(hu)靠近(jin)的(de)導(dao)體，中(zhong)間(jian)夾一(yi)層不導(dao)電(dian)的(de)絕緣介質，就構成了電(dian)容器(qi)。

2、作用功能不同

（1）電抗器是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)性負載，有(you)串聯(lian)和(he)(he)并聯(lian)之分，串聯(lian)主(zhu)要用于限(xian)制短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并聯(lian)主(zhu)要用于超高壓遠距離輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，補償線路(lu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)所采取的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)常見的有(you)串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)和(he)(he)并聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)，串聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)主(zhu)要用來(lai)限(xian)制短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也(ye)有(you)在濾(lv)波器(qi)中(zhong)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)串聯(lian)或并聯(lian)用來(lai)限(xian)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)的高次(ci)諧波。

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（2）電(dian)容(rong)器是容(rong)性(xing)負(fu)載，主要用于補償無功和儲(chu)能(neng)，在直流電(dian)路中，電(dian)容(rong)器是相當(dang)于斷路的。電(dian)容(rong)器是一種能(neng)夠儲(chu)藏電(dian)荷(he)的元(yuan)件，也是最常用的電(dian)子元(yuan)件之一。

二、電抗器的作用及原理是什么

1、電抗器的作用

（1）輕(qing)空載或輕(qing)負荷線路上的電容效應，以(yi)降低工頻暫(zan)態過電壓。

（2）使輕負荷時(shi)線路中(zhong)的無功(gong)功(gong)率盡可能(neng)就地平衡，防止無功(gong)功(gong)率不合理流動同時(shi)也減輕了線路上的功(gong)率損失。

（3）在大機(ji)組與系統并(bing)列時(shi)降(jiang)低(di)高(gao)壓母線(xian)上工頻穩態(tai)電(dian)壓，便(bian)于發電(dian)機(ji)同期并(bing)列。

（4）防止發(fa)電機帶長(chang)線路(lu)可能(neng)出(chu)現的自勵磁諧振現象。

（5）當采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)中(zhong)性點經小電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)接地裝置時，還可用(yong)小電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)器(qi)補償(chang)線(xian)路相(xiang)間及相(xiang)地電(dian)容(rong)，以(yi)加(jia)速潛供(gong)電(dian)流自(zi)動熄(xi)滅，便于采(cai)用(yong)。

2、電抗器的工作原理

一個導體(ti)(ti)通電時就會在其(qi)所(suo)占據的(de)一定(ding)空(kong)間范圍產生磁場，所(suo)以所(suo)有能載流(liu)的(de)電導體(ti)(ti)都有一般(ban)意(yi)義上的(de)感(gan)性。