一、貼片機的組成結構
貼片機的結構主要是(shi)機(ji)架(jia)、傳(chuan)送機(ji)構與支撐臺、X,Y定位(wei)系統、光學對中(zhong)系統、貼片頭(tou)、供料器(qi)(qi)及傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)等(deng)七(qi)大結構組合(he)而(er)成(cheng)的。
1、機架
在貼片(pian)機(ji)(ji)的結構(gou)中,機(ji)(ji)架是(shi)機(ji)(ji)器的基礎,所(suo)有(you)的傳動、定(ding)位、傳送(song)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)均牢固地(di)固定(ding)在它(ta)上(shang)面。目前各種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)的機(ji)(ji)架主有(you)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為整(zheng)體(ti)鑄造式(shi)(shi)、鋼板燒焊式(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong),但是(shi)由(you)于大部(bu)分(fen)型號的貼片(pian)機(ji)(ji)及其各種(zhong)(zhong)送(song)料器也安置在上(shang)面,因此機(ji)(ji)架應有(you)足夠(gou)的機(ji)(ji)械強度和剛(gang)性。
2、傳送機構與支撐臺
傳送(song)(song)機構(gou)是指安放在(zai)軌(gui)道(dao)上的超薄型(xing)皮帶傳送(song)(song)系(xi)統(tong),所起到的主要作用是將需要貼片的PCB送(song)(song)到預定位置,貼片完成后再(zai)將SMA送(song)(song)下道(dao)工序。
3、X,Y定位系統
X,Y定位系統不僅是(shi)貼片機(ji)(ji)的(de)關(guan)鍵機(ji)(ji)構,同時也(ye)是(shi)評(ping)估貼片機(ji)(ji)精度(du)的(de)主要指標,它包(bao)括X,Y傳動結構和X,Y伺服系統。
4、光學對中系統
貼片機的對中(zhong)是指貼片機在吸取元件(jian)時要保證吸嘴(zui)吸在元件(jian)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin),使(shi)元件(jian)的中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)與貼片頭主軸的中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線保持致。
5、貼片頭
貼(tie)(tie)片頭是貼(tie)(tie)片機(ji)的關鍵(jian)部件(jian),它(ta)拾取(qu)元件(jian)后能在校(xiao)正系(xi)統(tong)的控制下(xia)自動(dong)校(xiao)正位置(zhi),并將元器件(jian)準確地貼(tie)(tie)放到指定的位置(zhi)。
6、供料器
在貼片(pian)機中供料(liao)器占有(you)教(jiao)多的數量(liang)和(he)位(wei)置,作用是(shi)將片(pian)式元(yuan)器件SMC/SMD按照(zhao)定規律和(he)順序提供給貼片(pian)頭以便準確方便地拾取。
7、傳感器
目前,在貼(tie)片機中(zhong)都有裝有多種(zhong)傳感器,它(ta)們可(ke)進行元件電器性能檢查(cha),它(ta)們像(xiang)貼(tie)片機的眼睛一(yi)樣,時刻監視機器的正常(chang)運(yun)轉。常(chang)見的主要(yao)有壓力傳感器、負(fu)壓傳感器和位(wei)置傳感器等,一(yi)般來(lai)說,傳感器運(yun)用(yong)越多,表示貼(tie)片機的智能化水平越高。
二、貼片機的工作原理
目前市場上應用比較多的貼片機分為(wei)拱架型和轉塔型,它們兩(liang)個(ge)工作原理有些不(bu)同。
1、轉塔型貼片機的工作原理
元(yuan)件送(song)料器放(fang)于(yu)個單坐(zuo)標(biao)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的料車(che)上(shang),基(ji)板(ban)(PCB)放(fang)于(yu)個X/Y坐(zuo)標(biao)系統移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的工作臺上(shang),貼片頭(tou)安裝在(zai)個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)上(shang),工作時,料車(che)將(jiang)元(yuan)件送(song)料器移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)到取料位置(zhi)(zhi),貼片頭(tou)上(shang)的真(zhen)空吸料嘴在(zai)取料位置(zhi)(zhi)取元(yuan)件,經(jing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)到貼片位置(zhi)(zhi)(與取料位置(zhi)(zhi)成180度),在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)中經(jing)過對元(yuan)件位置(zhi)(zhi)與方向(xiang)的調整,將(jiang)元(yuan)件貼放(fang)于(yu)基(ji)板(ban)上(shang)。
2、拱架型貼片機工作原理
元(yuan)件(jian)送(song)(song)(song)料器(qi)、基(ji)板(ban)(PCB)是固定(ding)的(de),貼(tie)片(pian)頭(安裝多個真空吸料嘴)在送(song)(song)(song)料器(qi)與基(ji)板(ban)間來(lai)回移動,將元(yuan)件(jian)從送(song)(song)(song)料器(qi)取出,經過對元(yuan)件(jian)位置與方(fang)向的(de)調(diao)整,然(ran)后貼(tie)放(fang)于基(ji)板(ban)上。由于貼(tie)片(pian)頭是安裝于拱架(jia)型(xing)的(de)X/Y坐標移動橫梁(liang)上,所以得名拱塔型(xing)貼(tie)片(pian)機。
貼片機在重(zhong)要部件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)如(ru)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主軸、動/靜鏡頭、吸(xi)(xi)嘴(zui)座、送料器上進行了(le)Mark標(biao)識(shi)。機器視(shi)覺能自(zi)(zi)動求(qiu)出(chu)這些(xie)Mark中心系(xi)(xi)統坐(zuo)標(biao),建立貼(tie)(tie)(tie)片(pian)機系(xi)(xi)統坐(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)和(he)PCB、貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)間(jian)的轉(zhuan)換關系(xi)(xi),計(ji)算得出(chu)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)片(pian)機的運動精確坐(zuo)標(biao);貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)頭根(gen)(gen)據(ju)導(dao)入的貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)類型、元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編號等參數到相(xiang)應的位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)抓(zhua)取(qu)吸(xi)(xi)嘴(zui)、吸(xi)(xi)取(qu)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);靜鏡頭依照視(shi)覺處理(li)程序對吸(xi)(xi)取(qu)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進行檢測(ce)、識(shi)別與(yu)對中;對中完(wan)(wan)成后(hou)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)頭將元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)到PCB上預定的位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。這系(xi)(xi)列元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)識(shi)別、對中、檢測(ce)和(he)貼(tie)(tie)(tie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的動作都是工(gong)控(kong)機根(gen)(gen)據(ju)相(xiang)應指令獲取(qu)相(xiang)關的數據(ju)后(hou)指令控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統自(zi)(zi)動完(wan)(wan)成。