一、碳膜電位器和繞線電位器區別在哪里

1、線繞電位器

線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)是(shi)由繞(rao)(rao)在骨(gu)架上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)線(xian)圈和(he)沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)移動的(de)滑臂(bei)以(yi)及其上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，骨(gu)架截面(mian)應(ying)處處相等，由材料和(he)截面(mian)均勻的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)絲(si)等節距繞(rao)(rao)制(zhi)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)體大(da)多是(shi)采用(yong)的(de)多碳酸類(lei)的(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樹脂材料來制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，所以(yi)應(ying)該避(bi)免(mian)與以(yi)下這些物(wu)品直接(jie)接(jie)觸：氨水，其它(ta)胺類(lei)，堿水溶(rong)液，芳香族(zu)碳氫化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)，酮類(lei)，脂類(lei)的(de)碳氫化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物(wu)，強烈化(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(酸堿值過高(gao))等，否(fou)(fou)則會(hui)影響線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)使用(yong)性能(neng)(neng)。線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)端子在焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)避(bi)免(mian)使用(yong)水溶(rong)性助(zhu)焊(han)(han)劑，否(fou)(fou)則將助(zhu)長(chang)金屬氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)與材料發霉，避(bi)免(mian)使用(yong)劣質焊(han)(han)劑，焊(han)(han)錫(xi)不良可(ke)能(neng)(neng)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上錫(xi)困(kun)難，導(dao)致(zhi)接(jie)觸不良或者(zhe)斷路(lu)。線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)端子在焊(han)(han)接(jie)過程中若焊(han)(han)接(jie)溫度過高(gao)或焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)間(jian)過長(chang)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)導(dao)致(zhi)對線(xian)繞(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)的(de)損(sun)壞。插腳(jiao)式(shi)端子焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在235℃±5℃，3秒(miao)鐘內完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，焊(han)(han)接(jie)應(ying)離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)器(qi)本體1.5MM以(yi)上，焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)勿使用(yong)焊(han)(han)錫(xi)流穿線(xian)路(lu)板，焊(han)(han)線(xian)式(shi)端子焊(han)(han)接(jie)時(shi)應(ying)在350℃±10℃，3秒(miao)鐘內完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。且端子應(ying)避(bi)免(mian)重(zhong)壓，否(fou)(fou)則易造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接(jie)觸不良。

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2、碳膜電位器

碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)馬蹄(ti)形的(de)紙膠板上涂上一層碳(tan)膜而(er)制成的(de)一種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)阻值變(bian)化和(he)(he)中間(jian)觸頭位置的(de)關(guan)(guan)系有直(zhi)線(xian)式(shi)、對數式(shi)和(he)(he)指數式(shi)三(san)種。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)有大型、小型、微型幾種，有的(de)和(he)(he)開關(guan)(guan)一起組成帶開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)。從外觀方(fang)面來看，脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)一樣都是(shi)(shi)三(san)個引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，但(dan)在(zai)其內部(bu)與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1、2相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)個長(chang)短不(bu)一的(de)金(jin)屬靜片，與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)是(shi)(shi)一周(zhou)有12或24個齒的(de)金(jin)屬動片。當脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)轉時可(ke)出現四(si)種狀(zhuang)態：即(ji)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2及引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1全相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)。引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3與(yu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2及引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)腳(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1全斷開。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻體(ti)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)經過研磨的(de)碳(tan)黑、石(shi)墨、石(shi)英等材(cai)料涂敷于基(ji)體(ti)表面而(er)成，該工藝簡(jian)單，是(shi)(shi)目前應用(yong)最廣泛的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)。碳(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)特點是(shi)(shi)分辨力高耐(nai)磨性好，壽命較長(chang)。缺點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流噪聲，非線(xian)性大，耐(nai)潮性以及阻值穩定(ding)性差。

綜上所(suo)述，二(er)者最大的(de)(de)區別是線(xian)繞(rao)電位器比碳膜電位器的(de)(de)功率大得多(duo)，前(qian)者可根據需要(yao)制成(cheng)功率不同的(de)(de)電位器。

二、碳膜電位器怎么修

1、替換法

有些碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)位器磨損(sun)嚴(yan)重，用(yong)(yong)摩擦清洗(xi)法根本就(jiu)不(bu)能解決問(wen)(wen)題，比如接(jie)觸(chu)簧(huang)片(pian)(pian)與碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)發生斷(duan)裂，這樣的(de)問(wen)(wen)題一般(ban)都(dou)是采用(yong)(yong)替換(huan)(huan)法來解決。首先把(ba)損(sun)壞的(de)碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)電(dian)(dian)位器從設備(bei)上拆下來，然后(hou)對它(ta)進行分拆，將壞了的(de)簧(huang)片(pian)(pian)與碳(tan)膜(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)前(qian)廢舊電(dian)(dian)位器中好的(de)進行替換(huan)(huan)再組合就(jiu)行了。

2、摩擦清洗法

剛(gang)開始碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電位器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損還不嚴重，表(biao)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)也(ye)只是在(zai)調節(jie)時聲音(yin)(yin)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)雜音(yin)(yin)或音(yin)(yin)量時大時小，畫面有一些雜波等，這(zhe)主要是由于(yu)(yu)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)電位器(qi)(qi)在(zai)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中侵入(ru)了(le)灰塵或觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)簧(huang)在(zai)與(yu)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)摩(mo)擦下(xia)產生了(le)塵埃從(cong)而污染了(le)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點，致使(shi)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)簧(huang)與(yu)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)不良而產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)這(zhe)種問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，經常(chang)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)復(fu)方法(fa)首(shou)先前提是不斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來回(hui)滑動(dong)或旋轉電位器(qi)(qi)，這(zhe)樣做可(ke)以去除觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點與(yu)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污物(wu)，讓(rang)(rang)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)點變得光潔，即(ji)使(shi)不清洗(xi)(xi)也(ye)能讓(rang)(rang)設(she)備暫時恢復(fu)正常(chang)，這(zhe)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)解決臨時問(wen)題(ti)(ti)不失為一個可(ke)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)。為了(le)讓(rang)(rang)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得到(dao)解決，我(wo)們(men)就可(ke)以在(zai)摩(mo)擦之(zhi)后對(dui)電位器(qi)(qi)用清洗(xi)(xi)液進行清洗(xi)(xi)，徹底洗(xi)(xi)掉電位器(qi)(qi)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污物(wu)，讓(rang)(rang)簧(huang)片(pian)(pian)與(yu)碳(tan)(tan)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)片(pian)(pian)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)良好。

3、潤滑保護法

為了延(yan)長修(xiu)理(li)后的(de)(de)(de)電位器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽命，經常(chang)在碳(tan)膜電位器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)膜片(pian)上涂一點硅(gui)脂（縫紉機油也(ye)是可以(yi)），這樣做的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處(chu)是可以(yi)防止產生電弧，由于硅(gui)脂的(de)(de)(de)潤滑作用減輕了簧片(pian)與碳(tan)膜片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)摩擦，從而使(shi)(shi)電位器(qi)在調諧(xie)時電阻的(de)(de)(de)變化均衡平滑，效果良(liang)好(hao)。