一、吸糞車的組成結構包括哪些
吸(xi)糞(fen)車(che)是用(yong)于清理公(gong)共廁所、住(zhu)宅樓等處化糞(fen)池內糞(fen)便的專用(yong)環衛車(che)輛(liang),一般吸(xi)糞(fen)車(che)由以下幾個部(bu)分組(zu)成:
1、罐體
罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)吸糞(fen)(fen)車(che)(che)的(de)主體(ti)(ti),其頂部(bu)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)入孔(kong)蓋、空(kong)氣孔(kong)、吸排孔(kong)。入孔(kong)蓋平時(shi)密(mi)封,維修時(shi)才打(da)開。空(kong)氣孔(kong)經氣管(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)水汽分(fen)離器(qi)相通(tong),是(shi)空(kong)氣進(jin)出(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)的(de)通(tong)道(dao)。吸排管(guan)(guan)上連(lian)吸糞(fen)(fen)膠管(guan)(guan),下連(lian)虹吸管(guan)(guan),是(shi)糞(fen)(fen)液(ye)進(jin)出(chu)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)的(de)通(tong)道(dao),罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)焊裝(zhuang)防波隔(ge)板,可(ke)減少車(che)(che)輛行駛時(shi)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)沖擊振(zhen)蕩(dang)對罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)及車(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)連(lian)接部(bu)件造成的(de)損(sun)壞,后封頭裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)觀察鏡,便(bian)于觀察裝(zhuang)載量,防止液(ye)面超高。罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)后端(duan)下部(bu)還裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)閥(fa)門,罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)下部(bu)焊有(you)(you)下架(jia)(jia),罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)下架(jia)(jia)與(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)之(zhi)間裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)緩沖墊,罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)下架(jia)(jia)與(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)架(jia)(jia)用螺栓連(lian)接緊固。
2、真空泵
吸糞車(che)的真空泵是(shi)其核心部件,真空泵運轉時(shi),經空氣管路系統,而將(jiang)罐體內空氣抽出,而達到吸抽糞便(bian)、污水等(deng)液體。
3、取力器
發動(dong)(dong)機的動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)通過取(qu)力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、傳動(dong)(dong)軸而驅動(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空泵的運轉。取(qu)力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)于變速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)右側部(bu)(bu),操縱(zong)柄(bing)上部(bu)(bu)位于駕駛(shi)室(shi)中間。取(qu)力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)(you)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、中間齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)、齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸、撥叉(cha)軸、撥叉(cha)及操縱(zong)柄(bing)等構成。輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)與變速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)是常嚙合。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空泵前,應將(jiang)變速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)掛入(ru)空檔,然后(hou)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機,分離離合器(qi)(qi)(qi),并打開(kai)取(qu)力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)關,此時撥叉(cha)軸前移,動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)便由(you)(you)變速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳遞給取(qu)力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun),經中間齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)傳遞給輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun),再由(you)(you)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)軸經聯(lian)軸器(qi)(qi)(qi)傳遞給傳動(dong)(dong)軸,從而帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空泵運轉。
4、四通閥
真空泵只能逆時針(zhen)旋轉(面對車頭看),要從(cong)罐體(ti)內(nei)抽(chou)出(chu)空氣(qi)(qi),或者(zhe)向罐體(ti)內(nei)輸(shu)入空氣(qi)(qi),要利用四通(tong)閥(fa)來控(kong)制。四通(tong)閥(fa)分別與罐體(ti)、真空泵、儲油箱及大氣(qi)(qi)相通(tong)。操(cao)作(zuo)四通(tong)閥(fa)手柄,改變(bian)通(tong)道位置,可改變(bian)真空泵的吸氣(qi)(qi)方向。當四通(tong)閥(fa)手柄與地面垂直,罐內(nei)空氣(qi)(qi)經氣(qi)(qi)管、水氣(qi)(qi)分離(li)器、真空泵抽(chou)出(chu),進行吸糞作(zuo)業(ye)。
5、油氣分離器
從真空(kong)泵(beng)排出的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)具有一(yi)定的(de)(de)壓力和較高(gao)的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du),沖破油(you)(you)(you)(you)膜層(ceng)時(shi)攜帶了大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴(di)(di)。為(wei)降(jiang)低耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang),防止污染,安(an)裝(zhuang)了油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離器(qi)(qi)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離器(qi)(qi)經(jing)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)前連真空(kong)泵(beng),后通儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離器(qi)(qi)內設有擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)。當壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)進入(ru)時(shi),其體積突(tu)然(ran)擴大,流(liu)(liu)速(su)(su)降(jiang)低,改變流(liu)(liu)向(xiang),通過(guo)多孔的(de)(de)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)流(liu)(liu)出。由于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)子的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)速(su)(su)降(jiang)低,對器(qi)(qi)壁,孔壁的(de)(de)撞擊(ji)加劇,重度(du)大的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)子一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)即(ji)附著于(yu)器(qi)(qi)壁,冷凝后形成油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴(di)(di),順器(qi)(qi)壁及(ji)回油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱,經(jing)過(guo)初次凈化的(de)(de)壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)則流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱上(shang)方。
6、水氣分離器
水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)離(li)器前連一(yi)級(ji)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)離(li)器,后(hou)(hou)經氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)與罐體相(xiang)連,它的內部設有(you)一(yi)輸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan),其(qi)兩(liang)側開(kai)矩形(xing)(xing)孔,供空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出入(ru)罐體。在抽吸作業時(shi),罐體內空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從(cong)矩形(xing)(xing)孔出來(lai),體積突然擴大(da),流(liu)(liu)速降低,重度較大(da)的水(shui)分(fen)子有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)附著于器壁上(shang),冷凝(ning)成水(shui)滴后(hou)(hou)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)底部,而重度較小氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體則繼(ji)續流(liu)(liu)向真空(kong)泵,實現水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)離(li)。經過(guo)水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)離(li)后(hou)(hou),空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕度下(xia)降,可減少其(qi)對潤滑油(you)和機(ji)件的危害。
7、儲油箱
儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(或(huo)稱二級油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)離(li)(li)器(qi)(qi))一端通(tong)(tong)(tong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)離(li)(li)器(qi)(qi),一端連(lian)四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥,儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱具(ju)有(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)離(li)(li)和(he)儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的功能,其(qi)內設有(you)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網,出入口互(hu)不相通(tong)(tong)(tong),從油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)離(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)流(liu)入的壓縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣在這里必須(xu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過多重(zhong)障礙(ai),才得(de)以(yi)排向(xiang)四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥,由(you)于(yu)儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱的容積突然成倍增加(jia),空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣流(liu)速明顯降低(di),加(jia)之擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網等障礙(ai),壓縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣中的油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)子加(jia)劇碰撞,附著(zhu)內壁和(he)網面,然后(hou)流(liu)入底部(bu)(bu),經過再(zai)次(ci)凈化(hua)的壓縮空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣則流(liu)向(xiang)四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱的下方設有(you)直(zhi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)旋塞,可控制供(gong)給真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)泵(beng)的潤(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang),還(huan)設有(you)液位(wei)(wei)管,可觀察(cha)貯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)及油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質狀(zhuang)況。儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面應(ying)為(wei)液位(wei)(wei)管中部(bu)(bu)或(huo)略低(di)于(yu)中部(bu)(bu),供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)過多影響油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)離(li)(li)效果,使耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)增加(jia),過低(di)則影響冷卻,使真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)(kong)泵(beng)溫升過快。供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的大小用直(zhi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)旋塞控制。其(qi)旋柄與進(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管軸(zhou)線成直(zhi)角時為(wei)全開,平行時全閉。當檢查發現四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥排氣口處有(you)明顯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)霧時,應(ying)調小供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)。
8、平衡臂
平(ping)衡臂組件位于罐體后頂(ding)部,它由平(ping)衡座(zuo)、連接管(guan)、配(pei)重塊、支撐架(jia)等部分構(gou)成(cheng),前接吸糞(fen)膠管(guan),后通(tong)虹吸管(guan),平(ping)衡座(zuo)可以運轉,由于設置了(le)(le)配(pei)重塊,起到了(le)(le)平(ping)衡作用,大大降低了(le)(le)取(qu)、放及牽引(yin)吸糞(fen)膠管(guan)時(shi)的(de)勞動強度。支撐架(jia)上均設有清(qing)掏孔,平(ping)時(shi)密封著(zhu),當吸糞(fen)膠管(guan)或虹吸管(guan)堵塞時(shi),可打開清(qing)掏孔蓋,清(qing)除堵塞物(wu)。
9、液位報警裝置
液位報(bao)警裝置(zhi)安裝于罐頂部,由傳(chuan)感(gan)探頭(tou),訊響器及(ji)其(qi)開(kai)關,儀表板等構(gou)成(cheng)。傳(chuan)感(gan)探頭(tou)位于罐體內前部,距頂部100mm,與罐體絕緣。訊響器及(ji)其(qi)開(kai)關固定在儀表板上,安裝在駕駛室內,工作時,接通電源。當罐內液體不斷增多,液面浸(jin)沒傳(chuan)感(gan)探頭(tou)時,液位報(bao)警電路自動(dong)接通,訊響器立(li)即發出亮光和聲響,向(xiang)駕駛員傳(chuan)遞“抽(chou)吸量(liang)已到位”的信息(xi)。
二、吸污吸糞車的工作原理是什么
吸糞(fen)(fen)車(che)又(you)叫吸污吸糞(fen)(fen)車(che),對于城市居住(zhu)環境(jing)的維護非常重要(yao),那(nei)么(me)吸糞(fen)(fen)車(che)是怎么(me)工作的呢(ni)?
簡單來(lai)說,吸糞車(che)主要是依靠真空負壓(ya)原理來(lai)進行吸糞的(de)(de),吸糞膠管一端(duan)連(lian)接罐(guan)(guan)體,一端(duan)浸于化糞池的(de)(de)液體下,吸糞車(che)真空泵(beng)將吸糞車(che)罐(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)空氣抽空,形(xing)成超低(di)的(de)(de)負壓(ya),糞水污物(wu)就會在大氣壓(ya)的(de)(de)作用下沿(yan)著膠管被抽到罐(guan)(guan)內(nei)。
由于吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)膠管始終浸沒在糞(fen)(fen)(fen)液(ye)以下,罐(guan)體(ti)各處密封,真空泵抽吸(xi)時(shi),罐(guan)內(nei)空氣被抽出而得不到補(bu)充,越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)稀薄(bo),使罐(guan)內(nei)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)低(di)于大(da)氣壓(ya)(ya),糞(fen)(fen)(fen)液(ye)便在大(da)氣壓(ya)(ya)力(li)作用下,經吸(xi)排管進入罐(guan)體(ti)內(nei),實現抽吸(xi)作業。
吸糞車抽(chou)吸(xi)的糞(fen)便會送(song)到化肥(fei)廠(chang)、沼氣(qi)(qi)池或污(wu)水處理廠(chang)處理,排卸(xie)時,虹(hong)吸(xi)管(guan)口接近罐(guan)(guan)(guan)底(di),改變四通閥通氣(qi)(qi)方向(xiang),使(shi)真空泵向(xiang)罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體輸(shu)氣(qi)(qi),罐(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)壓力上升,高于大氣(qi)(qi)壓,糞(fen)液便在(zai)壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)的作用下,經虹(hong)吸(xi)管(guan)、吸(xi)糞(fen)膠管(guan)排出罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體,完成排卸(xie)作業。