一、吸糞車的組成結構包括哪些

吸糞車(che)是用于(yu)清理公共廁所、住宅樓等處化糞池內(nei)糞便(bian)的專用環衛(wei)車(che)輛，一般(ban)吸糞車(che)由以下(xia)幾個部(bu)分組成：

1、罐體

罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)是(shi)吸(xi)(xi)糞車的(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)，其頂部(bu)裝有(you)(you)入孔蓋、空氣孔、吸(xi)(xi)排(pai)孔。入孔蓋平時(shi)密(mi)封，維修(xiu)時(shi)才打開(kai)。空氣孔經氣管(guan)與(yu)水汽分離(li)器相通(tong)，是(shi)空氣進(jin)出罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)通(tong)道(dao)。吸(xi)(xi)排(pai)管(guan)上連(lian)吸(xi)(xi)糞膠管(guan)，下(xia)連(lian)虹吸(xi)(xi)管(guan)，是(shi)糞液進(jin)出罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)通(tong)道(dao)，罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內焊(han)裝防波(bo)隔板，可減少車輛行駛(shi)時(shi)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)沖擊振蕩對罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及車架(jia)(jia)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)部(bu)件造(zao)成的(de)損壞，后封頭裝有(you)(you)觀察鏡，便于觀察裝載(zai)量，防止(zhi)液面超(chao)高。罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)后端下(xia)部(bu)還裝有(you)(you)閥(fa)門，罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)下(xia)部(bu)焊(han)有(you)(you)下(xia)架(jia)(jia)，罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)下(xia)架(jia)(jia)與(yu)車架(jia)(jia)之(zhi)間裝有(you)(you)緩沖墊，罐(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)下(xia)架(jia)(jia)與(yu)車架(jia)(jia)用螺栓(shuan)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)緊固。

2、真空泵

吸糞車的真空泵是其核心(xin)部件(jian)，真空泵運(yun)轉時，經空氣管路系統，而(er)將罐體內空氣抽出，而(er)達(da)到吸抽糞便、污水(shui)等液體。

3、取力器

發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)通過(guo)取(qu)(qu)力(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)而(er)驅動(dong)(dong)真空(kong)泵的(de)運轉(zhuan)。取(qu)(qu)力(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝于(yu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)右側部，操(cao)縱柄上部位于(yu)駕(jia)駛室中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)。取(qu)(qu)力(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪、中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)齒(chi)(chi)輪、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪、齒(chi)(chi)輪軸(zhou)、撥叉(cha)軸(zhou)、撥叉(cha)及操(cao)縱柄等構成。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪與變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪是常嚙合(he)。起動(dong)(dong)真空(kong)泵前(qian)，應將變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)掛入(ru)空(kong)檔，然后起動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)，分離(li)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，并打開(kai)取(qu)(qu)力(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)關(guan)，此時撥叉(cha)軸(zhou)前(qian)移，動(dong)(dong)力(li)便(bian)由變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪傳(chuan)遞給取(qu)(qu)力(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)輪，經中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)齒(chi)(chi)輪傳(chuan)遞給輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)輪，再由齒(chi)(chi)輪軸(zhou)經聯軸(zhou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)傳(chuan)遞給傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)，從而(er)帶動(dong)(dong)真空(kong)泵運轉(zhuan)。

4、四通閥

真空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)只能逆時針(zhen)旋轉（面(mian)對車(che)頭看(kan)），要從(cong)罐體內抽出空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，或(huo)者向罐體內輸(shu)入空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，要利用四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥來控制。四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥分別與罐體、真空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)、儲油箱及大氣(qi)相通(tong)(tong)(tong)。操作四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥手(shou)柄(bing)，改變(bian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道位置，可(ke)改變(bian)真空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)的吸氣(qi)方向。當四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥手(shou)柄(bing)與地面(mian)垂直，罐內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經氣(qi)管、水(shui)氣(qi)分離器、真空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)抽出，進行吸糞作業。

5、油氣分離器

從真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)排出的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)具有一定的(de)壓力和較高的(de)速(su)度，沖(chong)破油(you)(you)(you)(you)膜層時(shi)攜帶了(le)大(da)量的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴。為降低(di)耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)量，防止(zhi)污染，安裝了(le)油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分離器(qi)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分離器(qi)經氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)前連真(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)泵(beng)，后通儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分離器(qi)內設有擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)。當壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)進入時(shi)，其體積突然(ran)擴大(da)，流(liu)速(su)降低(di)，改變(bian)流(liu)向，通過多孔的(de)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)流(liu)出。由于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分子(zi)的(de)流(liu)速(su)降低(di)，對器(qi)壁，孔壁的(de)撞擊加(jia)劇，重度大(da)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)分子(zi)一部分即(ji)附(fu)著(zhu)于(yu)器(qi)壁，冷凝后形成油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴，順器(qi)壁及(ji)回油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)流(liu)入儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)，經過初次凈化的(de)壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)則流(liu)向儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)方。

6、水氣分離器

水(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)前連(lian)一級油氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)，后(hou)經氣(qi)(qi)管與罐體相連(lian)，它(ta)的(de)內部設有一輸氣(qi)(qi)管，其兩側開(kai)矩形孔(kong)，供空氣(qi)(qi)出(chu)入罐體。在抽吸(xi)作業時，罐體內空氣(qi)(qi)從矩形孔(kong)出(chu)來，體積突然(ran)擴大(da)，流速降(jiang)低，重(zhong)(zhong)度較(jiao)大(da)的(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)子有一部分(fen)(fen)附著于器(qi)壁上，冷凝成水(shui)(shui)滴后(hou)流入底部，而重(zhong)(zhong)度較(jiao)小氣(qi)(qi)體則繼續流向真(zhen)空泵，實現水(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)。經過水(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)后(hou)，空氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)度下降(jiang)，可減少(shao)其對潤滑油和機件的(de)危(wei)害。

7、儲油箱

儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)（或稱(cheng)二級油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)）一端通(tong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)，一端連(lian)四(si)通(tong)閥，儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)具(ju)有油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)(fen)離(li)和儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)功能，其內設(she)(she)有擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網(wang)(wang)(wang)，出入(ru)口互不(bu)相(xiang)通(tong)，從油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)流(liu)入(ru)的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣在這里必(bi)須通(tong)過多(duo)重障(zhang)礙(ai)(ai)，才得以排向四(si)通(tong)閥，由于儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)的(de)容積突然成倍增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，空(kong)(kong)氣流(liu)速明顯(xian)降低(di)，加(jia)之擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網(wang)(wang)(wang)等障(zhang)礙(ai)(ai)，壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣中(zhong)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)加(jia)劇(ju)碰(peng)撞，附著內壁和網(wang)(wang)(wang)面(mian)，然后(hou)流(liu)入(ru)底部(bu)，經過再次凈化的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣則流(liu)向四(si)通(tong)閥。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)的(de)下方設(she)(she)有直通(tong)旋(xuan)塞，可控(kong)制(zhi)供(gong)給真空(kong)(kong)泵的(de)潤(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)，還設(she)(she)有液(ye)位(wei)管(guan)，可觀察貯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)及油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)狀況。儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面(mian)應為液(ye)位(wei)管(guan)中(zhong)部(bu)或略低(di)于中(zhong)部(bu)，供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)過多(duo)影(ying)響(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣分(fen)(fen)離(li)效(xiao)果，使耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，過低(di)則影(ying)響(xiang)冷(leng)卻，使真空(kong)(kong)泵溫(wen)升(sheng)過快。供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)的(de)大小(xiao)用直通(tong)旋(xuan)塞控(kong)制(zhi)。其旋(xuan)柄與進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)軸線成直角時(shi)為全開，平行時(shi)全閉。當檢查(cha)發現四(si)通(tong)閥排氣口處有明顯(xian)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)霧時(shi)，應調小(xiao)供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)。

8、平衡臂

平(ping)衡(heng)臂組件位于罐體后頂(ding)部，它由(you)平(ping)衡(heng)座(zuo)、連接(jie)管、配(pei)重塊(kuai)、支撐(cheng)架等部分構(gou)成，前接(jie)吸(xi)(xi)糞膠(jiao)管，后通虹吸(xi)(xi)管，平(ping)衡(heng)座(zuo)可以運轉，由(you)于設置(zhi)了(le)配(pei)重塊(kuai)，起到(dao)了(le)平(ping)衡(heng)作用，大大降(jiang)低了(le)取、放及牽(qian)引吸(xi)(xi)糞膠(jiao)管時(shi)的勞動(dong)強度。支撐(cheng)架上(shang)均設有清掏孔，平(ping)時(shi)密封著(zhu)，當吸(xi)(xi)糞膠(jiao)管或虹吸(xi)(xi)管堵塞(sai)時(shi)，可打開清掏孔蓋(gai)，清除堵塞(sai)物。

9、液位報警裝置

液(ye)位報(bao)警裝置安裝于罐頂(ding)部，由傳感(gan)探頭(tou)，訊(xun)響(xiang)器(qi)(qi)及其(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，儀表板等(deng)構成。傳感(gan)探頭(tou)位于罐體(ti)內(nei)前部，距(ju)頂(ding)部100mm，與罐體(ti)絕緣。訊(xun)響(xiang)器(qi)(qi)及其(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)固定在儀表板上，安裝在駕駛室內(nei)，工作時(shi)，接通電源。當罐內(nei)液(ye)體(ti)不斷(duan)增(zeng)多，液(ye)面浸(jin)沒傳感(gan)探頭(tou)時(shi)，液(ye)位報(bao)警電路自動接通，訊(xun)響(xiang)器(qi)(qi)立即發出(chu)亮光和聲(sheng)響(xiang)，向駕駛員傳遞“抽吸(xi)量(liang)已到位”的信(xin)息。

二、吸污吸糞車的工作原理是什么

吸(xi)糞車又叫吸(xi)污(wu)吸(xi)糞車，對于城市居住環境的(de)維護非(fei)常重要，那么吸(xi)糞車是怎(zen)么工(gong)作的(de)呢？

簡單來(lai)(lai)說，吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)車(che)主要是依靠真空(kong)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)原理來(lai)(lai)進(jin)行吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)，吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)膠(jiao)管一端連接罐(guan)體，一端浸于化糞(fen)(fen)(fen)池的(de)液體下，吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)車(che)真空(kong)泵將吸(xi)糞(fen)(fen)(fen)車(che)罐(guan)內的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)抽(chou)空(kong)，形成超(chao)低的(de)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)，糞(fen)(fen)(fen)水污(wu)物(wu)就會在大(da)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作用下沿著膠(jiao)管被抽(chou)到罐(guan)內。

由于吸糞膠管(guan)(guan)始終浸沒在糞液以下，罐(guan)體各處密封，真空(kong)泵抽(chou)(chou)吸時，罐(guan)內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣被抽(chou)(chou)出而得不到補充，越來越稀薄，使罐(guan)內(nei)(nei)壓力低于大氣壓，糞液便在大氣壓力作用下，經吸排管(guan)(guan)進(jin)入罐(guan)體內(nei)(nei)，實現抽(chou)(chou)吸作業。

吸糞車抽吸的(de)糞便(bian)會送到化肥廠(chang)、沼(zhao)氣池或(huo)污(wu)水處(chu)理廠(chang)處(chu)理，排卸時(shi)，虹吸管(guan)口(kou)接(jie)近(jin)罐底，改變四通閥通氣方向，使(shi)真空泵向罐體(ti)輸氣，罐內壓(ya)力上升，高于大(da)氣壓(ya)，糞液(ye)便(bian)在壓(ya)縮空氣的(de)作用下，經虹吸管(guan)、吸糞膠(jiao)管(guan)排出罐體(ti)，完成排卸作業。