一、吸糞車的組成結構包括哪些

吸糞(fen)車(che)是用于清理(li)公(gong)共廁所、住宅(zhai)樓(lou)等處化糞(fen)池內(nei)糞(fen)便的專用環衛(wei)車(che)輛(liang)，一般吸糞(fen)車(che)由以下幾個(ge)部分組成：

1、罐體

罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)是吸糞(fen)車(che)(che)的主體(ti)，其頂部(bu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)入孔(kong)(kong)蓋(gai)(gai)、空(kong)氣(qi)孔(kong)(kong)、吸排(pai)孔(kong)(kong)。入孔(kong)(kong)蓋(gai)(gai)平時(shi)密封，維修時(shi)才打開(kai)。空(kong)氣(qi)孔(kong)(kong)經氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)與水汽(qi)分離器相通，是空(kong)氣(qi)進出罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)的通道(dao)(dao)。吸排(pai)管(guan)(guan)上連吸糞(fen)膠管(guan)(guan)，下連虹(hong)吸管(guan)(guan)，是糞(fen)液進出罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)的通道(dao)(dao)，罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)內焊(han)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)防波隔(ge)板(ban)，可減少車(che)(che)輛行駛時(shi)液體(ti)沖(chong)擊振蕩對(dui)罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)及(ji)車(che)(che)架(jia)連接(jie)部(bu)件造(zao)成的損(sun)壞(huai)，后(hou)封頭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)觀察鏡(jing)，便于觀察裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載量，防止液面超高。罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)后(hou)端下部(bu)還(huan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)閥門(men)，罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)下部(bu)焊(han)有(you)下架(jia)，罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)下架(jia)與車(che)(che)架(jia)之間(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)緩沖(chong)墊，罐(guan)(guan)體(ti)下架(jia)與車(che)(che)架(jia)用螺(luo)栓連接(jie)緊固。

2、真空泵

吸糞車的真空泵(beng)是其核心部件，真空泵(beng)運轉時(shi)，經空氣管(guan)路系統(tong)，而將(jiang)罐體內空氣抽出，而達到吸抽糞便(bian)、污(wu)水等液體。

3、取力器

發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)通(tong)過取力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸而驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)的(de)運轉(zhuan)。取力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝于(yu)變(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)右側部，操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)柄上部位于(yu)駕駛室中間(jian)。取力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)(you)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、中間(jian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸、撥(bo)叉軸、撥(bo)叉及操(cao)(cao)縱(zong)柄等構成。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)與變(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)是常嚙合(he)。起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)前(qian)，應將(jiang)變(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)掛入(ru)空(kong)(kong)檔，然后起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，分離(li)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，并打開取力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)開關，此(ci)時撥(bo)叉軸前(qian)移(yi)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)便由(you)(you)變(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳遞給取力(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，經中間(jian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳遞給輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，再由(you)(you)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)軸經聯軸器(qi)(qi)(qi)傳遞給傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸，從而帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)(beng)運轉(zhuan)。

4、四通閥

真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)只能逆時針旋(xuan)轉（面對車(che)頭看），要從(cong)罐(guan)(guan)體內抽出(chu)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，或者向罐(guan)(guan)體內輸入空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)，要利用四通(tong)閥(fa)(fa)來控制。四通(tong)閥(fa)(fa)分(fen)(fen)別與罐(guan)(guan)體、真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)、儲油箱及大氣(qi)(qi)相通(tong)。操作四通(tong)閥(fa)(fa)手柄(bing)，改(gai)變通(tong)道位(wei)置，可改(gai)變真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)的(de)吸氣(qi)(qi)方向。當四通(tong)閥(fa)(fa)手柄(bing)與地(di)面垂(chui)直，罐(guan)(guan)內空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)經氣(qi)(qi)管、水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離器、真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)泵(beng)抽出(chu)，進行吸糞(fen)作業。

5、油氣分離器

從真(zhen)空泵排出的(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)一定的(de)(de)壓(ya)力(li)和(he)較高的(de)(de)速度，沖(chong)破油(you)(you)(you)(you)膜層時攜(xie)帶了大(da)量的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴(di)。為降(jiang)低(di)耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)量，防止污染(ran)，安裝了油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器經(jing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管前連真(zhen)空泵，后通儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器內設有(you)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管。當壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進入時，其體積突然(ran)擴大(da)，流速降(jiang)低(di)，改變流向，通過(guo)多孔(kong)的(de)(de)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)管流出。由(you)于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)的(de)(de)流速降(jiang)低(di)，對器壁，孔(kong)壁的(de)(de)撞擊加劇(ju)，重度大(da)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)一部分(fen)(fen)即(ji)附(fu)著于(yu)器壁，冷凝后形成油(you)(you)(you)(you)滴(di)，順器壁及回油(you)(you)(you)(you)管流入儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)，經(jing)過(guo)初次凈(jing)化的(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則(ze)流向儲(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)上(shang)方。

6、水氣分離器

水(shui)氣(qi)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)器前連(lian)一級油氣(qi)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)器，后經(jing)氣(qi)管與罐體(ti)(ti)(ti)相連(lian)，它的(de)(de)內(nei)部(bu)設(she)有(you)(you)一輸氣(qi)管，其兩側開矩形孔，供空氣(qi)出入(ru)罐體(ti)(ti)(ti)。在抽吸作業時，罐體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)空氣(qi)從矩形孔出來(lai)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)積(ji)突然擴大，流速降(jiang)低(di)，重度較大的(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)子(zi)有(you)(you)一部(bu)分(fen)附著于器壁上，冷凝成(cheng)水(shui)滴后流入(ru)底(di)部(bu)，而重度較小(xiao)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)則繼續(xu)流向真空泵，實現水(shui)氣(qi)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)。經(jing)過(guo)水(shui)氣(qi)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)后，空氣(qi)濕度下降(jiang)，可減少其對潤滑油和(he)機件的(de)(de)危害。

7、儲油箱

儲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱（或(huo)稱二級(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)）一端(duan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)，一端(duan)連四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)，儲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱具有(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)和儲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)功能，其內(nei)設(she)有(you)(you)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網(wang)，出入口互不相通(tong)(tong)(tong)，從油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)器(qi)(qi)流(liu)入的(de)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在這里必須通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)多重障礙(ai)，才得以排向四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)，由于儲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱的(de)容積突然(ran)成倍增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)速明顯降低(di)(di)，加(jia)(jia)之(zhi)擋油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)網(wang)等(deng)障礙(ai)，壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)子加(jia)(jia)劇碰撞，附著內(nei)壁和網(wang)面，然(ran)后流(liu)入底(di)部，經過(guo)再次凈化的(de)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則流(liu)向四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱的(de)下方設(she)有(you)(you)直(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)旋塞，可控制供(gong)給真(zhen)空(kong)泵的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)，還(huan)設(she)有(you)(you)液(ye)位(wei)管，可觀察(cha)貯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)及油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質狀況。儲油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面應為液(ye)位(wei)管中(zhong)部或(huo)略(lve)低(di)(di)于中(zhong)部，供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)過(guo)多影響(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離(li)效果(guo)，使耗(hao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，過(guo)低(di)(di)則影響(xiang)冷卻，使真(zhen)空(kong)泵溫升過(guo)快(kuai)。供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)的(de)大(da)小用直(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)旋塞控制。其旋柄與進油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管軸(zhou)線成直(zhi)(zhi)角時為全(quan)開，平行(xing)時全(quan)閉(bi)。當檢查發現四(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口處有(you)(you)明顯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)霧時，應調(diao)小供(gong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)。

8、平衡臂

平衡臂組件位于(yu)罐體(ti)后(hou)頂(ding)部，它由平衡座、連(lian)接管(guan)(guan)(guan)、配(pei)重塊(kuai)、支撐架等部分(fen)構(gou)成(cheng)，前接吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)膠(jiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，后(hou)通虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，平衡座可(ke)以運轉，由于(yu)設置了配(pei)重塊(kuai)，起到了平衡作用，大大降低了取、放及牽引吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)膠(jiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)時的(de)勞(lao)動強度。支撐架上均設有清(qing)掏孔，平時密封著(zhu)，當吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)膠(jiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)或虹(hong)吸(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)堵塞(sai)時，可(ke)打開清(qing)掏孔蓋，清(qing)除堵塞(sai)物。

9、液位報警裝置

液(ye)(ye)位(wei)報警裝(zhuang)置安裝(zhuang)于罐頂部，由傳感(gan)探(tan)(tan)頭，訊響(xiang)器(qi)及(ji)其開關，儀(yi)表板等(deng)構成。傳感(gan)探(tan)(tan)頭位(wei)于罐體內前部，距頂部100mm，與罐體絕緣。訊響(xiang)器(qi)及(ji)其開關固定在儀(yi)表板上，安裝(zhuang)在駕駛室(shi)內，工作時，接(jie)通電源(yuan)。當罐內液(ye)(ye)體不斷增多，液(ye)(ye)面浸沒傳感(gan)探(tan)(tan)頭時，液(ye)(ye)位(wei)報警電路自動接(jie)通，訊響(xiang)器(qi)立(li)即發出亮光和聲(sheng)響(xiang)，向駕駛員傳遞“抽吸量已到位(wei)”的信(xin)息。

二、吸污吸糞車的工作原理是什么

吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)車又叫(jiao)吸(xi)(xi)污吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)車，對(dui)于城市(shi)居住(zhu)環(huan)境的維護非常(chang)重要，那么吸(xi)(xi)糞(fen)車是怎么工作的呢？

簡單來說，吸(xi)糞(fen)車(che)主要是依靠真空(kong)負壓(ya)(ya)原理(li)來進行吸(xi)糞(fen)的(de)，吸(xi)糞(fen)膠管一端(duan)連接罐體，一端(duan)浸于化糞(fen)池的(de)液體下，吸(xi)糞(fen)車(che)真空(kong)泵將吸(xi)糞(fen)車(che)罐內的(de)空(kong)氣抽(chou)空(kong)，形成超低的(de)負壓(ya)(ya)，糞(fen)水污物就會在大氣壓(ya)(ya)的(de)作用下沿(yan)著膠管被抽(chou)到罐內。

由于(yu)吸糞膠管始終(zhong)浸(jin)沒在糞液(ye)以下(xia)，罐體各處密封(feng)，真(zhen)空泵抽吸時(shi)，罐內(nei)空氣(qi)被抽出而得(de)不(bu)到補充，越來(lai)越稀薄，使罐內(nei)壓(ya)力(li)低(di)于(yu)大氣(qi)壓(ya)，糞液(ye)便在大氣(qi)壓(ya)力(li)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，經吸排管進入罐體內(nei)，實(shi)現抽吸作(zuo)業(ye)。

吸糞車抽吸(xi)(xi)的糞便會送(song)到化(hua)肥(fei)廠(chang)、沼氣(qi)池或污(wu)水處(chu)理(li)廠(chang)處(chu)理(li)，排(pai)(pai)卸時，虹吸(xi)(xi)管口接近罐底，改變(bian)四通閥通氣(qi)方向，使真空泵向罐體(ti)輸(shu)氣(qi)，罐內(nei)壓(ya)力上(shang)升，高于大氣(qi)壓(ya)，糞液(ye)便在壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)的作用(yong)下，經虹吸(xi)(xi)管、吸(xi)(xi)糞膠管排(pai)(pai)出罐體(ti)，完成排(pai)(pai)卸作業。