一、電動叉車用的是什么電池

電動叉車是指以電來進行作業的叉車，根據使用的電池不同可分為不同類型，一般電動叉車使用的電池有三種：

1、鉛酸電池

鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)動叉車(che)最傳統且常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)類型之一，它采用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)板和硫酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)解液，具有較低的(de)(de)能量密度和比能量，但相對較低的(de)(de)成本。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)優(you)點是(shi)成熟、穩定，使用(yong)(yong)壽命長(chang)，同時可以(yi)循環(huan)充放電(dian)(dian)多次。然(ran)而，鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)存在(zai)重量大、充電(dian)(dian)時間長(chang)、自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)快等缺點，影響了(le)電(dian)(dian)動叉車(che)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效率(lv)和續航(hang)能力。

2、鋰電池

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為新興的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術，逐漸在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車領域(yu)嶄露頭角。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)具(ju)有較(jiao)(jiao)高的能(neng)量(liang)密(mi)度(du)和(he)(he)比能(neng)量(liang)，相對于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，具(ju)有更輕的重量(liang)和(he)(he)更長的使(shi)用時間。同時，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還(huan)具(ju)有無記(ji)憶(yi)效應、快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)優點，可以(yi)有效提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動叉(cha)車的工(gong)作效率。然而，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)價格相對較(jiao)(jiao)高，使(shi)用過程中(zhong)需要注(zhu)意防止(zhi)過度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)過度(du)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以(yi)避免(mian)安全事故發生。

3、燃料電池

燃料(liao)電(dian)池也(ye)是電(dian)動(dong)叉車中的新興動(dong)力源。燃料(liao)電(dian)池利用氫氣(qi)和(he)(he)氧氣(qi)反(fan)應產生電(dian)能，無需(xu)充電(dian)，只(zhi)需(xu)添加燃料(liao)即可。燃料(liao)電(dian)池具有快速充電(dian)、零排放等(deng)優點，能夠(gou)滿足(zu)電(dian)動(dong)叉車在長時間工(gong)作和(he)(he)高強度(du)工(gong)作的需(xu)求。然(ran)而(er)，燃料(liao)電(dian)池技術目前(qian)還不夠(gou)成熟，相(xiang)關(guan)設備和(he)(he)燃料(liao)供(gong)應鏈的建設也(ye)存在一定(ding)難(nan)度(du)和(he)(he)成本。

二、鋰電池叉車比鉛酸電池叉車的優勢在哪

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)叉(cha)車(che)使用比較多的兩種電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)和(he)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)叉(cha)車(che)對比起來，主要優勢在于以下幾(ji)個方(fang)面：

1、充電速度快

鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)依(yi)靠(kao)自身的化(hua)學特性，滿足更快的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度(du)要求，從(cong)(cong)10%~100%充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)長(chang)只需2h。而(er)鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)從(cong)(cong)20%~100%充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)長(chang)需要8-10h。

2、充電無記憶

鋰電池叉車的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)無記憶特性使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)池能夠進(jin)行(xing)隨(sui)機(ji)、間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，而不影響壽命，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者可以高效的(de)利用(yong)(yong)工歇(xie)和休息時間(jian)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量補充(chong)(chong)，方便使(shi)用(yong)(yong)者進(jin)行(xing)工作統(tong)籌。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)記憶，如進(jin)行(xing)隨(sui)機(ji)或間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，嚴重損害電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池壽命，因此一般需要20%-100%滿(man)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)放，定期進(jin)行(xing)均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、使用壽命長

鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)平均1200次(ci)（作業時(shi)長約(yue)6000h）的循(xun)環(huan)壽命，磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)則有(you)著4000+次(ci)（作業時(shi)長約(yue)24000h）循(xun)環(huan)壽命。在實(shi)際使用(yong)(yong)中，磷(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)4000+次(ci)后仍擁有(you)65%以上容(rong)(rong)量(liang)，而鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)1200次(ci)后容(rong)(rong)量(liang)不(bu)足(zu)50%。

4、放電溫度區間廣

在(zai)-20度到60度之間的(de)(de)高溫或(huo)低溫狀(zhuang)態下，鋰電(dian)池都具(ju)備(bei)良好(hao)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)性能，在(zai)-20度的(de)(de)情況下，鋰電(dian)池的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)效率(lv)為80%~90%，而鉛酸電(dian)池放(fang)(fang)電(dian)效率(lv)不足(zu)30%。