一、采煤機主要參數有哪些

1、電動機功率：指(zhi)截(jie)割電動(dong)機(ji)（主電動(dong)機(ji)）的單臺額(e)(e)定功率(lv)(lv)。在多臺電動(dong)機(ji)驅動(dong)時，各臺電動(dong)機(ji)額(e)(e)定功率(lv)(lv)之和稱總裝(zhuang)機(ji)功率(lv)(lv)。

2、截割高度：采(cai)(cai)煤機工(gong)作(zuo)機構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo)時在工(gong)作(zuo)面底板以上形(xing)成空間的(de)高(gao)度(du)。在結構(gou)上允(yun)許達到的(de)極限高(gao)度(du)稱(cheng)為最(zui)大截(jie)割(ge)高(gao)度(du)，是決定采(cai)(cai)煤工(gong)作(zuo)面開采(cai)(cai)高(gao)度(du)的(de)重要參數。

3、機面高度：位于支(zhi)護頂梁下方的采煤機機身上表面離工作面底板的高度。它決定了采煤工作面的最低(di)開采高度。

4、截深：采煤(mei)機工作(zuo)機構每(mei)次切入煤(mei)體內的深(shen)度(du)。

5、截割速度：截(jie)(jie)齒(chi)齒(chi)尖運動(dong)的(de)(de)線速(su)度(du)（不考慮(lv)牽(qian)引(yin)速(su)度(du)和工作(zuo)機構擺動(dong)速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)影響）。截(jie)(jie)割速(su)度(du)影響到每個(ge)截(jie)(jie)齒(chi)的(de)(de)切削深(shen)度(du)、破落煤的(de)(de)塊率、截(jie)(jie)齒(chi)的(de)(de)發熱和磨損(sun)、粉塵的(de)(de)生成(cheng)和飛揚、截(jie)(jie)割堅(jian)硬巖石時的(de)(de)火(huo)花生成(cheng)等(deng)。

6、牽引速度：又稱(cheng)(cheng)行(xing)走速(su)(su)度(du)(du)。采(cai)煤機(ji)整機(ji)沿長壁(bi)采(cai)煤工(gong)(gong)作面牽(qian)(qian)引（行(xing)走）方(fang)向運動(dong)的(de)(de)線速(su)(su)度(du)(du)。在采(cai)煤工(gong)(gong)作過程中，需(xu)要根據被破(po)落煤的(de)(de)截(jie)割阻(zu)抗（以(yi)標準截(jie)齒按(an)規定方(fang)法截(jie)煤時，單位(wei)切(qie)削深度(du)(du)所對(dui)應的(de)(de)截(jie)割阻(zu)力。）和工(gong)(gong)況條件的(de)(de)變化，經常調(diao)整牽(qian)(qian)引速(su)(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)大小。采(cai)煤機(ji)往(wang)往(wang)還需(xu)要在不(bu)割煤狀(zhuang)態下以(yi)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)移動(dong)其在工(gong)(gong)作面的(de)(de)位(wei)置，這種速(su)(su)度(du)(du)稱(cheng)(cheng)為調(diao)動(dong)牽(qian)(qian)引速(su)(su)度(du)(du)。各種采(cai)煤機(ji)所具(ju)有的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作牽(qian)(qian)引速(su)(su)度(du)(du)和調(diao)動(dong)牽(qian)(qian)引速(su)(su)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)額定值往(wang)往(wang)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)為牽(qian)(qian)引速(su)(su)度(du)(du)和調(diao)動(dong)速(su)(su)度(du)(du)。

7、牽引力：又(you)稱(cheng)行(xing)走力(li)，驅動采(cai)煤機(ji)行(xing)走的(de)力(li)。需克服牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)（行(xing)走）方向上的(de)各(ge)種(zhong)阻力(li)。采(cai)煤工作(zuo)時的(de)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)力(li)較大，調動時的(de)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)力(li)較小。各(ge)種(zhong)采(cai)煤機(ji)所(suo)具有(you)的(de)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)力(li)額定(ding)值往往簡(jian)稱(cheng)為(wei)牽(qian)引(yin)(yin)力(li)。

8、下切深度：采煤機(ji)工作(zuo)機(ji)構在結構上(shang)允許(xu)下切(qie)到(dao)工作(zuo)面(mian)底板以下的(de)最大深(shen)度。在采煤工作(zuo)面(mian)底板起(qi)伏(fu)不平或在采煤工作(zuo)面(mian)兩端騎(qi)踏面(mian)升(sheng)高時，采煤機(ji)必須有足(zu)夠的(de)下切(qie)深(shen)度才能避免連續上(shang)飄現象的(de)發生。

9、過煤高度：騎槽式采煤(mei)機(ji)機(ji)身下部(bu)與配套刮板(ban)輸送(song)機(ji)中部(bu)槽中板(ban)間(jian)的最大空間(jian)高度。它標志著機(ji)身下通(tong)過煤(mei)量和大塊煤(mei)（巖）的能力。

二、采煤機主要由哪三部分組成

1、行走部

又稱牽(qian)引部(bu)，行(xing)(xing)走(zou)（牽(qian)引）機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)及(ji)其驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的總(zong)稱。行(xing)(xing)走(zou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)又稱牽(qian)引機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，是行(xing)(xing)走(zou)部(bu)的執行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)。它的結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形式主要有鋼(gang)絲繩—卷繩筒(tong)、鋼(gang)絲繩—摩擦(ca)卷筒(tong)、牽(qian)引鏈(lian)(lian)—鏈(lian)(lian)輪和(he)(he)無鏈(lian)(lian)牽(qian)引行(xing)(xing)走(zou)軌—行(xing)(xing)走(zou)輪四種。前兩種使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于早期(qi)的采煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，牽(qian)引力小(xiao)，牽(qian)引速(su)(su)度低(di)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命短(duan)，安全性差。現(xian)代(dai)采煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都采用(yong)(yong)(yong)無鏈(lian)(lian)牽(qian)引。行(xing)(xing)走(zou)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)包括(kuo)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)節牽(qian)引速(su)(su)度和(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換牽(qian)引方向，有機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)三種。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)以(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)方式來(lai)實現(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)，如(ru)棘(ji)輪插爪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，摩擦(ca)片(pian)脈(mo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)。它常(chang)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)結(jie)合在(zai)一起，其輸出軸的轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)往往是不均勻的，這種調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)方式僅在(zai)早期(qi)的采煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)以(yi)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式來(lai)實現(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)，如(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)泵一定量(liang)(liang)(liang)馬達(da)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)泵—變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)馬達(da)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式來(lai)實現(xian)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)，如(ru)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)(deng)。液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)都是無級調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)，調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一般是獨(du)立的。現(xian)代(dai)采煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)都采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)速(su)(su)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

2、截割部

工作機構及其機械傳動或驅動裝置的總稱。當截割部由專用電動機驅動時，截割部也包括截割電動機。工作機構是直接實現截割、破碎等主要功能的部件。其上裝有截齒，截齒將煤從煤體上破落下來。有些采煤機的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)為了形(xing)成所要(yao)(yao)求的(de)截割斷面形(xing)狀，除了一個(ge)(ge)主要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)外，還有一個(ge)(ge)或幾個(ge)(ge)輔(fu)助工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)往往兼有把破落下來的(de)煤塊(kuai)裝入(ru)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面輸送機(ji)的(de)功能(neng)，使用這類工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)的(de)采(cai)煤機(ji)就不再(zai)需要(yao)(yao)單獨的(de)裝載部。機(ji)械傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)用來將動力傳(chuan)輸給工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)，以滿足(zu)其(qi)運動方(fang)式、運動方(fang)向和截割速(su)(su)度(du)大小的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。機(ji)械傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)通常采(cai)用齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)動，一般在使用過程中不能(neng)變速(su)(su)，但備有專門(men)的(de)換(huan)速(su)(su)齒輪(lun)副，供安裝時更(geng)換(huan)，以滿足(zu)截割速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。機(ji)械傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)根據結構(gou)(gou)需要(yao)(yao)可由一個(ge)(ge)或多個(ge)(ge)箱體組成。

3、操作控制系統

操作控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)采煤(mei)機的電(dian)源(yuan)（動力源(yuan)）和(he)工(gong)況狀態的系統(tong)。按系統(tong)的工(gong)作原(yuan)理分為機械控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、液(ye)壓控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)電(dian)氣控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)三種。按控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)方式分為就機控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、直視(shi)遙(yao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)巷(xiang)道(dao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)三種。