電磁繼電器可以用低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)流控制高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、強電(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路,還(huan)可實現(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)距離操縱和生產自(zi)動(dong)化,在現(xian)(xian)代生活中(zhong)起著越來越重(zhong)要的作(zuo)用。
二、電磁繼電器的工作原理
繼電(dian)器(qi),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)指的是(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼電(dian)器(qi),也就(jiu)是(shi)機械動作(zuo)那(nei)種。繼電(dian)器(qi)的作(zuo)用本質是(shi)用一(yi)個(ge)回路(一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu))去控(kong)制(zhi)另外一(yi)個(ge)回路(一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu))的通(tong)斷(duan),而(er)且這個(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)過程(cheng)(cheng)中,兩個(ge)回路一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是(shi)隔離的,它的基(ji)本原(yuan)理,是(shi)利用了電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)效應來控(kong)制(zhi)機械觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)達到通(tong)斷(duan)目的,給帶有(you)鐵芯線圈通(tong)電(dian)-線圈電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)產生磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)-磁(ci)(ci)場(chang)吸附銜鐵動作(zuo)通(tong)斷(duan)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian),整(zheng)個(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)“小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)-磁(ci)(ci)-機械-大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)”這樣一(yi)個(ge)過程(cheng)(cheng)。
只要在(zai)線圈(quan)兩端加上(shang)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓,線圈(quan)中就會流過一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流,從而(er)產生電(dian)磁(ci)效應,銜鐵就會在(zai)電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)(li)(li)吸引的(de)(de)(de)作用下克服返(fan)回(hui)彈簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)拉(la)力(li)(li)(li)吸向鐵芯,從而(er)帶動(dong)銜鐵的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)觸點與(yu)(yu)靜觸點(常開觸點)吸合。當線圈(quan)斷電(dian)后,電(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)吸力(li)(li)(li)也隨之消失,銜鐵就會在(zai)彈簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)反作用力(li)(li)(li)返(fan)回(hui)原來的(de)(de)(de)位置,使動(dong)觸點與(yu)(yu)原來的(de)(de)(de)靜觸點(常閉(bi)觸點)釋(shi)放(fang)。這樣(yang)吸合、釋(shi)放(fang),從而(er)達(da)到了在(zai)電(dian)路中的(de)(de)(de)導通(tong)、切斷的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。對(dui)于繼電(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)“常(chang)開(kai)、常(chang)閉(bi)”觸(chu)(chu)點(dian),可以這樣來區分:繼電器線圈未通(tong)電時處于(yu)斷開(kai)狀(zhuang)態的(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian),稱為(wei)“常(chang)開(kai)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)”;處于(yu)接通(tong)狀(zhuang)態的(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)稱為(wei)“常(chang)閉(bi)觸(chu)(chu)點(dian)”。
三、電磁繼電器的應用
防訊報(bao)警(jing)器(qi):水位上漲超(chao)過警(jing)戒(jie)線時,浮子上升,使控制電(dian)路(lu)接通,電(dian)磁鐵吸下(xia)銜鐵,于是報(bao)警(jing)器(qi)指示燈電(dian)路(lu)接通,燈亮報(bao)警(jing)。
溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)自動(dong)報(bao)警(jing)(jing)器:當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)升高到(dao)一定值(zhi)時,水(shui)銀溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)計(ji)中水(shui)銀面上升到(dao)金(jin)屬絲處,水(shui)銀是導體。因此將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)接通(tong),電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)吸引彈(dan)簧片,使電(dian)(dian)鈴(ling)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)閉合(he),電(dian)(dian)鈴(ling)響報(bao)警(jing)(jing),當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下降后,水(shui)銀面離開(kai)金(jin)屬絲,電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)斷開(kai),彈(dan)簧片回原狀,電(dian)(dian)鈴(ling)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)斷開(kai),電(dian)(dian)鈴(ling)不再發(fa)聲。