【固態(tai)繼(ji)電器(qi)】固態(tai)繼(ji)電器(qi)工作原理 固態(tai)繼(ji)電器(qi)的組成部分 固態(tai)繼(ji)電器(qi)的優缺點

固態繼電器工作原理

固態繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)是一種(zhong)兩(liang)個(ge)接線端(duan)為(wei)輸入端(duan)，另(ling)兩(liang)個(ge)接線端(duan)為(wei)輸出(chu)端(duan)的四端(duan)器(qi)(qi)件，中間采用(yong)隔離(li)器(qi)(qi)件實現(xian)輸入輸出(chu)的電(dian)隔離(li)。

固態繼電器(qi)(qi)按(an)(an)負(fu)載電源類型(xing)(xing)可分為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)和直流(liu)型(xing)(xing)。按(an)(an)開關型(xing)(xing)式(shi)可分為(wei)(wei)常(chang)開型(xing)(xing)和常(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)。按(an)(an)隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)可分為(wei)(wei)混合型(xing)(xing)、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)和光(guang)電隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)，以光(guang)電隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)最多(duo)。

固態繼電器的組成部分

固態繼電器是具(ju)(ju)有隔離功能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)無觸點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)關(guan)，在開(kai)關(guan)過程中(zhong)無機械(xie)(xie)接觸部件，因(yin)此固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器除(chu)具(ju)(ju)有與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器一樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)外，還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有邏輯(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路兼容，耐(nai)振耐(nai)機械(xie)(xie)沖擊，安裝位置無限(xian)制，具(ju)(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)潮防(fang)霉防(fang)腐蝕性(xing)能(neng)(neng)，在防(fang)爆和(he)防(fang)止(zhi)臭氧污染方面的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)極佳，輸(shu)入功率(lv)小，靈敏度高，控制功率(lv)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容性(xing)好，噪聲低和(he)工作(zuo)頻率(lv)高等特點。目前(qian)已廣泛應用(yong)于計算機外圍接口設備，調(diao)溫、調(diao)速、調(diao)光、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)加溫控制、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力石化(hua)、醫療(liao)器械(xie)(xie)、金融設備、煤炭、儀器儀表、交通信(xin)號等領域。

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固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器有(you)三(san)部分組(zu)成：輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，隔(ge)離(li)(耦(ou)合(he))和輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。按輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)不(bu)同類別，輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)可分為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)三(san)種。有(you)些輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)還(huan)具有(you)與TTL/CMOS兼容，正負邏輯控(kong)(kong)制和反相等功(gong)能。固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)與輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)隔(ge)離(li)和耦(ou)合(he)方式有(you)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)和變壓器耦(ou)合(he)兩(liang)種。固(gu)(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也可分為(wei)直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等形式。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)時(shi)，通(tong)常使用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)個可控(kong)(kong)硅或(huo)一個雙向可控(kong)(kong)硅，直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)時(shi)可使用(yong)(yong)雙極性器件(jian)或(huo)功(gong)率場效應(ying)管。

固態繼電器的優缺點

1、固態繼電器的優點

(1)高壽命(ming)，高可靠：固態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器沒有(you)機(ji)械零部件，有(you)固體(ti)器件完成(cheng)觸點功能(neng)，由于(yu)沒有(you)運(yun)動的(de)零部件，因此能(neng)在高沖擊，振(zhen)動的(de)環境下(xia)工作，由于(yu)組成(cheng)固態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器的(de)元器件的(de)固有(you)特性，決定(ding)了固態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器的(de)壽命(ming)長，可靠性高。固態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器

(2)靈敏(min)度高(gao)，控制功率小(xiao)，電磁兼容(rong)性好：固態繼電器(qi)的輸入電壓(ya)范圍較寬，驅動(dong)功率低，可與大多數邏輯集成電路(lu)兼容(rong)不需加緩(huan)沖器(qi)或驅動(dong)器(qi)。

(3)快速(su)轉換(huan)：固態繼(ji)電器因為(wei)采用固體器件，所以(yi)切換(huan)速(su)度可從(cong)幾毫秒至幾微妙。

(4)電(dian)(dian)磁干擾小：固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器沒有(you)輸入“線圈”，沒有(you)觸(chu)點燃弧和回跳，因而減(jian)少了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)磁干擾。大多(duo)數交流輸出固(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器是一個(ge)零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓開(kai)關，在零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)壓處導(dao)通，零(ling)(ling)電(dian)(dian)流處關斷(duan)，減(jian)少了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)流波形的(de)突然中(zhong)斷(duan)，從而減(jian)少了(le)(le)開(kai)關瞬態(tai)(tai)效(xiao)應。

2、固態繼電器的缺點

(1)導通后的管壓降(jiang)大，可控硅或(huo)雙(shuang)相(xiang)控硅的正向(xiang)降(jiang)壓可達1~2V，大功(gong)率(lv)(lv)晶體管的飽和壓降(jiang)也在(zai)1~2V之間，一般功(gong)率(lv)(lv)場效應管的導通電阻(zu)(zu)也較(jiao)機械(xie)觸點的接觸電阻(zu)(zu)大。

(2)半導體(ti)器件關斷后仍可(ke)有數(shu)(shu)微安至數(shu)(shu)毫安的漏電(dian)流，因此不能實現理想的電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)。

(3)由(you)于(yu)管壓降(jiang)大，導(dao)通后的(de)功耗和發(fa)熱量也大，大功率固態(tai)繼電(dian)器的(de)體積遠遠大于(yu)同容量的(de)電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器，成本也較(jiao)高。

(4)電子(zi)元器件的溫度(du)特性和電子(zi)線路的抗干擾能(neng)力較差，耐輻射能(neng)力也較差，如不采取(qu)有效(xiao)措施(shi)，則工作(zuo)可靠性低。

(5)固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器對過載有(you)較(jiao)大的敏感性，必須用(yong)快速(su)熔斷器或(huo)RC阻尼電(dian)路對其進行過載保(bao)護(hu)。固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器的負載與環(huan)境溫度明顯有(you)關，溫度升高，負載能(neng)力(li)將迅速(su)下降。

(6)主(zhu)要(yao)不足是存在(zai)通(tong)態壓(ya)降(需相應(ying)散熱措施)，有斷(duan)態漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，交直流(liu)不能通(tong)用，觸(chu)點組數(shu)少(shao)，另外過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上升(sheng)率(lv)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上升(sheng)率(lv)等指標差。固態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器