【固態(tai)繼電器(qi)(qi)】固態(tai)繼電器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作原理 固態(tai)繼電器(qi)(qi)的組(zu)成部分 固態(tai)繼電器(qi)(qi)的優缺點

固態繼電器工作原理

固態(tai)繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一種兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)(duan)，另(ling)兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)的(de)四(si)端(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，中間(jian)采用(yong)隔離器(qi)(qi)(qi)件實現輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)輸(shu)出的(de)電隔離。

固態繼電器(qi)(qi)按(an)負(fu)載電源(yuan)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)直流(liu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)開關型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)常開型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)常閉型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按(an)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)光電隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，以光電隔(ge)(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)最多。

固態繼電器的組成部分

固態繼電器是具(ju)有(you)隔(ge)離功能的無觸(chu)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子開(kai)(kai)關，在(zai)開(kai)(kai)關過程(cheng)中無機(ji)械接觸(chu)部件，因此(ci)固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)除具(ju)有(you)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)一樣的功能外，還具(ju)有(you)邏輯電(dian)(dian)(dian)路兼容，耐(nai)(nai)振(zhen)耐(nai)(nai)機(ji)械沖擊，安裝位置無限制(zhi)，具(ju)有(you)良好的防潮(chao)防霉防腐蝕性(xing)(xing)能，在(zai)防爆和防止臭氧污染方面的性(xing)(xing)能也(ye)極佳(jia)，輸入(ru)功率小，靈敏度高，控制(zhi)功率小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容性(xing)(xing)好，噪(zao)聲低(di)和工作頻率高等(deng)特點(dian)。目(mu)前已廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)計算機(ji)外圍接口設(she)備，調溫、調速(su)、調光(guang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐加溫控制(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)力石(shi)化、醫療器(qi)械、金融設(she)備、煤炭、儀器(qi)儀表、交通信號等(deng)領域。

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固態(tai)(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)有(you)三部分(fen)組成(cheng)：輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，隔(ge)離(耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)(he))和(he)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。按輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)不同類別，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)直流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)交(jiao)直流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)三種。有(you)些輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入控制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)還(huan)具有(you)與TTL/CMOS兼容，正負邏(luo)輯控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)反相等功能(neng)。固態(tai)(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)隔(ge)離和(he)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)(he)方式(shi)有(you)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)(he)和(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)(he)兩(liang)種。固態(tai)(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)直流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和(he)交(jiao)直流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)等形式(shi)。交(jiao)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)，通常(chang)使用(yong)兩(liang)個(ge)可(ke)控硅(gui)或一個(ge)雙向可(ke)控硅(gui)，直流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)時(shi)可(ke)使用(yong)雙極性器(qi)件(jian)或功率(lv)場效應管(guan)。

固態繼電器的優缺點

1、固態繼電器的優點

(1)高壽(shou)命，高可(ke)靠：固(gu)(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)沒有機械零部件，有固(gu)(gu)體器(qi)件完成觸點功能，由于(yu)沒有運動的(de)零部件，因此能在(zai)高沖擊，振動的(de)環境下工作(zuo)，由于(yu)組成固(gu)(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)元器(qi)件的(de)固(gu)(gu)有特性(xing)，決(jue)定了固(gu)(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)壽(shou)命長(chang)，可(ke)靠性(xing)高。固(gu)(gu)態(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)

(2)靈敏度高，控制(zhi)功率小，電磁(ci)兼容性(xing)好：固態繼電器(qi)的輸入電壓范圍較寬(kuan)，驅動(dong)功率低(di)，可與大(da)多數邏輯集成電路兼容不需加緩(huan)沖器(qi)或驅動(dong)器(qi)。

(3)快(kuai)速轉換：固(gu)態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器因(yin)為采用固(gu)體器件，所以切(qie)換速度可(ke)從幾(ji)毫秒至幾(ji)微妙。

(4)電(dian)(dian)磁干擾(rao)小：固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器沒有輸入“線圈”，沒有觸點(dian)燃(ran)弧(hu)和回跳，因而(er)減(jian)(jian)少了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)磁干擾(rao)。大多數交(jiao)流輸出(chu)固(gu)態繼電(dian)(dian)器是一(yi)個零電(dian)(dian)壓開關(guan)，在零電(dian)(dian)壓處(chu)導通(tong)，零電(dian)(dian)流處(chu)關(guan)斷(duan)，減(jian)(jian)少了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)流波形的(de)突然(ran)中(zhong)斷(duan)，從而(er)減(jian)(jian)少了(le)(le)開關(guan)瞬態效(xiao)應。

2、固態繼電器的缺點

(1)導(dao)通后(hou)的(de)管(guan)壓(ya)降(jiang)大，可控硅或雙相控硅的(de)正(zheng)向降(jiang)壓(ya)可達1~2V，大功(gong)率(lv)晶體管(guan)的(de)飽和(he)壓(ya)降(jiang)也在1~2V之間，一般功(gong)率(lv)場效應管(guan)的(de)導(dao)通電阻也較機械觸(chu)點(dian)的(de)接觸(chu)電阻大。

(2)半導體器件關斷(duan)后仍可有(you)數(shu)微安至(zhi)數(shu)毫安的漏(lou)電流，因(yin)此不能實現理想的電隔離(li)。

(3)由(you)于管壓降大，導通后的功耗和發(fa)熱(re)量(liang)也(ye)大，大功率固(gu)態繼電(dian)器(qi)的體積(ji)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大于同容量(liang)的電(dian)磁繼電(dian)器(qi)，成本(ben)也(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)。

(4)電子(zi)元器件的溫度(du)特(te)性和電子(zi)線(xian)路的抗干擾能力較(jiao)(jiao)差，耐輻射(she)能力也較(jiao)(jiao)差，如(ru)不采取有效措(cuo)施(shi)，則工作可靠性低(di)。

(5)固(gu)態(tai)繼電器對過載(zai)有(you)較大的(de)敏(min)感性(xing)，必須(xu)用快(kuai)速熔斷器或RC阻(zu)尼電路對其(qi)進行過載(zai)保(bao)護。固(gu)態(tai)繼電器的(de)負載(zai)與環境(jing)溫度明顯有(you)關，溫度升高，負載(zai)能力將迅速下降(jiang)。

(6)主要不足是存(cun)在(zai)通(tong)態(tai)壓(ya)降(需相(xiang)應散熱措(cuo)施)，有斷態(tai)漏電流，交(jiao)直流不能通(tong)用，觸點(dian)組數少，另外過電流、過電壓(ya)及電壓(ya)上(shang)升率、電流上(shang)升率等指標差(cha)。固態(tai)繼電器