【固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)】固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作原(yuan)理 固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)組成部分 固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)優缺點

固態繼電器工作原理

固(gu)態繼電器(qi)是一種(zhong)兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)輸(shu)入端(duan)(duan)，另兩個(ge)接線端(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)輸(shu)出端(duan)(duan)的(de)四端(duan)(duan)器(qi)件(jian)，中(zhong)間采用隔(ge)離器(qi)件(jian)實現輸(shu)入輸(shu)出的(de)電隔(ge)離。

固態繼電(dian)器按負載電(dian)源(yuan)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)和直(zhi)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按開關(guan)型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)開型(xing)(xing)(xing)和常(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)(xing)。按隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)式可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)混合型(xing)(xing)(xing)、變壓(ya)器隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和光(guang)電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，以光(guang)電(dian)隔(ge)離(li)(li)型(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)最多。

固態繼電器的組成部分

固態繼電器是具(ju)有(you)隔離功(gong)能(neng)的無(wu)觸點電(dian)子(zi)開關(guan)，在開關(guan)過程中(zhong)無(wu)機械接(jie)觸部件，因此固態(tai)繼(ji)電(dian)器除具(ju)有(you)與電(dian)磁繼(ji)電(dian)器一樣(yang)的功(gong)能(neng)外(wai)，還具(ju)有(you)邏(luo)輯電(dian)路兼容，耐(nai)振耐(nai)機械沖擊，安裝位置無(wu)限制(zhi)，具(ju)有(you)良好(hao)的防(fang)潮防(fang)霉防(fang)腐蝕性能(neng)，在防(fang)爆和(he)防(fang)止臭氧污染方(fang)面(mian)的性能(neng)也(ye)極(ji)佳，輸入功(gong)率小(xiao)，靈敏(min)度高，控制(zhi)功(gong)率小(xiao)，電(dian)磁兼容性好(hao)，噪聲低(di)和(he)工作頻率高等(deng)(deng)特點。目前(qian)已廣泛應用于計算機外(wai)圍接(jie)口設備，調溫、調速、調光、電(dian)機控制(zhi)、電(dian)爐加溫控制(zhi)、電(dian)力石(shi)化(hua)、醫療器械、金融設備、煤炭、儀(yi)器儀(yi)表(biao)、交(jiao)通信號等(deng)(deng)領域(yu)。

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固態(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)有(you)三部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成：輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，隔離(li)(耦(ou)合(he))和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。按輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的不同類別(bie)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)可分(fen)(fen)為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)三種。有(you)些輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)還具有(you)與TTL/CMOS兼容(rong)，正負(fu)邏輯控(kong)制(zhi)和反相(xiang)等功(gong)能。固態(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的隔離(li)和耦(ou)合(he)方式有(you)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦(ou)合(he)和變(bian)壓器(qi)耦(ou)合(he)兩種。固態(tai)(tai)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)可分(fen)(fen)為直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等形式。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)時，通常(chang)使(shi)用兩個可控(kong)硅或(huo)一(yi)個雙向可控(kong)硅，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)時可使(shi)用雙極性器(qi)件或(huo)功(gong)率場效應管。

固態繼電器的優缺點

1、固態繼電器的優點

(1)高(gao)壽命，高(gao)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)：固(gu)態繼電(dian)器沒(mei)有(you)機械零部件，有(you)固(gu)體器件完成觸點功能，由于沒(mei)有(you)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)零部件，因此能在高(gao)沖擊，振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)環境下工作，由于組(zu)成固(gu)態繼電(dian)器的(de)元器件的(de)固(gu)有(you)特(te)性，決定了固(gu)態繼電(dian)器的(de)壽命長，可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性高(gao)。固(gu)態繼電(dian)器

(2)靈敏度高，控制(zhi)功(gong)(gong)率小，電(dian)磁(ci)兼容性好：固態繼電(dian)器的輸入電(dian)壓范圍較寬，驅(qu)動功(gong)(gong)率低，可(ke)與大多數邏輯集成電(dian)路兼容不需加緩沖器或驅(qu)動器。

(3)快速轉(zhuan)換：固態繼電器(qi)因為采(cai)用(yong)固體(ti)器(qi)件，所以切換速度可(ke)從(cong)幾毫秒至幾微(wei)妙。

(4)電磁干擾小：固態(tai)繼電器沒有輸入“線圈”，沒有觸點燃弧和(he)回跳，因而(er)減少(shao)了(le)電磁干擾。大多數交(jiao)流(liu)輸出固態(tai)繼電器是一個零(ling)電壓(ya)開關，在(zai)零(ling)電壓(ya)處(chu)導通(tong)，零(ling)電流(liu)處(chu)關斷，減少(shao)了(le)電流(liu)波(bo)形的(de)突然(ran)中斷，從而(er)減少(shao)了(le)開關瞬態(tai)效應。

2、固態繼電器的缺點

(1)導通后(hou)的(de)管壓降(jiang)大，可控(kong)硅或雙相(xiang)控(kong)硅的(de)正向降(jiang)壓可達1~2V，大功率(lv)晶體管的(de)飽和壓降(jiang)也在1~2V之間，一(yi)般功率(lv)場效應管的(de)導通電阻也較(jiao)機械觸點的(de)接觸電阻大。

(2)半(ban)導(dao)體器件關斷后仍可有數微安(an)至數毫安(an)的漏電流(liu)，因此不能實現理(li)想(xiang)的電隔(ge)離。

(3)由于管壓(ya)降大(da)(da)，導(dao)通后的(de)功(gong)耗和發(fa)熱量也(ye)大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)功(gong)率固(gu)態繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)體積遠遠大(da)(da)于同容量的(de)電磁繼(ji)電器(qi)，成本也(ye)較高。

(4)電子元器件的(de)溫度特性和電子線(xian)路(lu)的(de)抗(kang)干擾能力較(jiao)差，耐(nai)輻射(she)能力也較(jiao)差，如不(bu)采(cai)取有效措施，則工作(zuo)可靠性低(di)。

(5)固態(tai)繼電器對(dui)過載(zai)(zai)有(you)較大的敏(min)感性，必須用快速熔斷(duan)器或RC阻(zu)尼電路(lu)對(dui)其進行過載(zai)(zai)保護。固態(tai)繼電器的負載(zai)(zai)與環境溫度明顯有(you)關，溫度升(sheng)高，負載(zai)(zai)能力將迅速下降。

(6)主要不(bu)足是(shi)存在(zai)通態壓(ya)降(需相應散熱(re)措施)，有斷態漏電(dian)(dian)流，交直流不(bu)能(neng)通用，觸點組數少，另外過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流、過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)上升率、電(dian)(dian)流上升率等指(zhi)標差(cha)。固態繼電(dian)(dian)器