【繼(ji)電器工作原理】繼(ji)電器工作原理分析 熱過載繼(ji)電器的結構特征
繼電器是什么
當它接(jie)入主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)內,流過與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)相同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)過載時,熱(re)元件被加熱(re)到動(dong)(dong)(dong)作溫度,使(shi)熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作時間與過載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)大(da)小按反(fan)時限(xian)關(guan)系變化〔而作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)過載保(bao)護的(de)(de)熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi),必須保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)正常起動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)運行不受(shou)影響(xiang),并能(neng)最大(da)限(xian)度的(de)(de)發(fa)揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)承(cheng)載能(neng)力(li),因(yin)此熱(re)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作特性曲(qu)線(xian)應(ying)位(wei)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)允許發(fa)熱(re)特性曲(qu)線(xian)的(de)(de)下方(fang),且(qie)又接(jie)近于(yu)它。
繼電器的工作原理分析
1、電磁繼電器的工作原理和特性
電磁式繼電器一般由鐵芯、線圈、銜鐵、觸點簧片等組成的。只要在線圈兩端加上一定的電壓,線圈中就會流過一定的電流,從而產生電磁效應,銜鐵就會在電磁力吸引的作用下克服返回彈簧的拉力吸向鐵芯,從而帶動銜鐵的動觸點與靜觸點(常開觸點)吸合。當線(xian)圈斷電后(hou),電磁(ci)的吸力也隨之消失,銜鐵就會在(zai)彈簧的反作用力返(fan)回原來的位置,使動觸點與原來的靜觸點(常(chang)閉觸點(dian))吸合(he)(he)。這樣吸合(he)(he)、釋放,從而達到了(le)在電(dian)路中的(de)(de)導(dao)通(tong)、切斷(duan)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。對于繼電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)“常開、常閉”觸(chu)點(dian),可以(yi)這樣來區(qu)分:繼電(dian)器(qi)線圈未(wei)通(tong)電(dian)時處于斷(duan)開狀態(tai)的(de)(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)點(dian),稱為“常開觸(chu)點(dian)”;處于接通(tong)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)靜(jing)觸(chu)點(dian)稱為“常閉觸(chu)點(dian)”。
2、熱敏干簧繼電器的工作原理和特性
熱(re)敏干(gan)(gan)簧繼電器是(shi)一種利用熱(re)敏磁(ci)(ci)(ci)性材料檢測和控(kong)制溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的新(xin)型熱(re)敏開關。它由感溫(wen)(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)、恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)、干(gan)(gan)簧管、導(dao)熱(re)安(an)裝片、塑料襯底及其(qi)他一些附件組(zu)成。熱(re)敏干(gan)(gan)簧繼電器不(bu)用線圈勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci),而(er)由恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)產生(sheng)的磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力驅(qu)動開關動作。恒磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)能否(fou)向干(gan)(gan)簧管提供磁(ci)(ci)(ci)力是(shi)由感溫(wen)(wen)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)環(huan)(huan)的溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)特性決定的。
3、固態繼電器(SSR)的工作原理和特性
固(gu)態繼電器(qi)(qi)是一(yi)種兩個接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)為輸入端(duan)(duan),另兩個接(jie)線端(duan)(duan)為輸出端(duan)(duan)的四端(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)件,中間采用隔(ge)離(li)器(qi)(qi)件實現輸入輸出的電隔(ge)離(li)。
固態(tai)繼電(dian)器按(an)負載電(dian)源類型(xing)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)型(xing)和直流(liu)型(xing)。按(an)開關(guan)型(xing)式可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)常開型(xing)和常閉型(xing)。按(an)隔離型(xing)式可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)混(hun)合型(xing)、變壓器隔離型(xing)和光(guang)電(dian)隔離型(xing),以光(guang)電(dian)隔離型(xing)為(wei)(wei)最多。
繼電器主要產品技術參數
1、額定工作電(dian)壓
是(shi)指繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)正(zheng)常工作時線圈(quan)所需要(yao)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)。根據繼(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)型號(hao)不同,可以是(shi)交流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya),也可以是(shi)直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)。
2、直流電(dian)阻
是(shi)指繼電器中線圈的直流(liu)電阻,可以通過(guo)萬能表測量(liang)。
3、吸合電流
是指繼電器能夠產生吸合動作的最小電流。在正常使用時,給定的電流必須略大于吸合電流,這樣繼電器才能穩定地工作。而對于線圈所加的工作電壓,一般不要超過額定工作電壓的1.5倍,否則會(hui)產生較大的(de)電流而把線(xian)圈燒毀(hui)。
4、釋(shi)放電流(liu)
是指(zhi)繼(ji)電(dian)器產生釋放(fang)動作的(de)最大電(dian)流(liu)。當繼(ji)電(dian)器吸(xi)合(he)狀態(tai)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)減小到一(yi)定程度時,繼(ji)電(dian)器就會恢(hui)復到未通電(dian)的(de)釋放(fang)狀態(tai)。這時的(de)電(dian)流(liu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)小于(yu)吸(xi)合(he)電(dian)流(liu)。
5、觸點切換(huan)電壓(ya)和電流
是指繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)允許加載的(de)電壓(ya)和電流(liu)。它決(jue)定了繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)能控(kong)制電壓(ya)和電流(liu)的(de)大小,使用(yong)時不能超(chao)過(guo)此(ci)值,否則很容易(yi)損壞繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)的(de)觸點(dian)。
熱過載繼電器的結構特征
有電流(liu)調(diao)節凸輪用以調(diao)節整定電流(liu)。
有(you)溫度(du)補償裝置以保證動作特性在-20C~60C的周圍介質溫度(du)范圍內基本不變。
有復位(wei)調(diao)節旋(xuan)鈕用以調(diao)節復位(wei)方式,有手(shou)動和自(zi)動二(er)種(zhong)復位(wei)狀態。
有拉伸彈簧翻轉跳躍機構(gou)以保證觸頭動作迅速可靠。
有差動(dong)式斷相(xiang)/三相(xiang)不平(ping)衡保護裝置。
有檢測滑(hua)塊/開關位(wei)(wei)置指示(shi)器模擬(ni)(ni)熱繼電(dian)器的(de)脫(tuo)扣(kou)并顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)動作狀態。通過這種(zhong)模擬(ni)(ni)方式(shi)檢查并確保輔助電(dian)路接線正確。當滑(hua)塊上的(de)標(biao)線位(wei)(wei)于(yu)“0”標(biao)志處(chu)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)脫(tuo)扣(kou),位(wei)(wei)于(yu)“l”標(biao)志處(chu)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)工作。
有斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)按鈕,按下(xia)斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)按鈕時,常閉觸頭(tou)打開(kai)串聯接(jie)觸器開(kai)路,斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)負(fu)載,釋(shi)放斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)按鈕后(hou),負(fu)載通過接(jie)觸器重新工作。