一、安規測試儀的項目精度是多少
一般而言,安規測試儀的(de)核(he)心安(an)規測試精(jing)度范(fan)圍在1%至5%不等,而(er)內置電參(can)數的(de)測量精(jing)度則更(geng)為精(jing)細,維持在0.2%至0.5%的(de)高標(biao)準(zhun)。具體細分(fen)如下:
1、交直流耐壓測試:該(gai)測試確保設備在高(gao)壓(ya)環境下的安(an)全性能,其輸出電壓(ya)精度(du)可達±(1%×設定值 2個字)的精度(du),電流測量則達到±(1%×讀(du)數值 5個字)的高(gao)水(shui)準。
2、絕緣電阻測試:評估電氣(qi)設備的絕(jue)緣(yuan)性能,輸(shu)出(chu)電壓精(jing)(jing)度為±(1%×讀數 2V),確保對微(wei)小(xiao)變化的精(jing)(jing)準捕(bu)捉。
3、接地電阻測試:接地系統安全性至(zhi)關(guan)重要,其電(dian)阻測量精度為±(1%×顯示(shi)值 5個(ge)字(zi)),電(dian)壓與(yu)電(dian)阻測量均具備高穩定性。
4、泄漏電流測試:對設(she)備漏電情況的精確檢(jian)測,電壓與電流(liu)測量精度分別達±(0.4%×設(she)定值 0.1%×量程)與±(1%×讀數值 0.02mA),滿足嚴苛(ke)檢(jian)測需(xu)求。
5、負載功率測試:評估(gu)設備實際運行效率,功(gong)率與電(dian)壓(ya)測量(liang)精度均(jun)控(kong)制在±(0.1%×讀數值 0.1%×量(liang)程(cheng))內,確保數據精準無誤(wu)。
6、低壓啟動測試:針(zhen)對(dui)設(she)備(bei)在低電(dian)壓(ya)環(huan)境下的(de)啟動能力(li),電(dian)流與(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)測量(liang)精度同樣達到(dao)±(0.1%×讀數(shu)值 0.1%×量(liang)程(cheng)),滿足精細(xi)測試要求。
7、開短路測試:檢測電路通斷狀(zhuang)態,電阻測試精度為±(5%×讀數值 5個字),適用于快速篩(shai)查。
值得注(zhu)意的(de)是,盡管安規測試儀在設計上追求極(ji)致精度,實際使用中仍需(xu)考慮環境、校準及操作等因素對測試結果(guo)的(de)影響。
二、安規測試儀校準檢驗的重要性
安規測試儀作為保障電氣產品(pin)安全(quan)的關鍵工具,其(qi)準確性和可靠(kao)性直(zhi)接關系到產品(pin)質量和用戶(hu)安全(quan)。因此,進行定期(qi)的安規測試儀校準檢驗至(zhi)關重(zhong)要。
校準檢(jian)驗的(de)必要性主要體現(xian)在(zai)兩(liang)個方面(mian):一(yi)是為了(le)糾正長時間使用(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)因(yin)各(ge)種(zhong)因(yin)素導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)測(ce)量(liang)誤差(cha);二是為了(le)適應不斷提(ti)高的(de)電氣產品安(an)全標準。只有通(tong)過定(ding)期(qi)的(de)校準檢(jian)驗,我們才能確保安(an)規測(ce)試儀的(de)測(ce)量(liang)結果準確無誤。
安(an)規測(ce)(ce)試儀校準(zhun)檢驗通(tong)常包括高壓(ya)輸出、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、接地電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻、絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)等多個(ge)方面(mian)的(de)測(ce)(ce)試。這(zhe)些(xie)測(ce)(ce)試通(tong)過模擬(ni)實際工作環境,利用(yong)標準(zhun)設備對(dui)安(an)規測(ce)(ce)試儀的(de)各項功(gong)能進行逐一檢驗,從而(er)確保其準(zhun)確性(xing)和可靠(kao)性(xing)。
安(an)規測試儀校(xiao)準(zhun)檢驗(yan)的頻率(lv)應(ying)根據設備使用頻率(lv)、環境(jing)因素(su)以及生產需(xu)求等多(duo)方面因素(su)綜合考慮。一般(ban)而言,建議每月(yue)進行一次校(xiao)準(zhun)檢驗(yan),對(dui)于使用頻率(lv)高或環境(jing)惡劣(lie)的設備,可能需(xu)要(yao)更頻繁的校(xiao)準(zhun)。
三、安規綜合測試儀校準方法及注意事項
1、高壓輸出準確度的校準
(1)校準方法
安規綜(zong)合測試儀輸(shu)(shu)出的高壓(ya)(ya)有(you)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)和直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)之分,電壓(ya)(ya)高達5000V以上。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)一般(ban)為工頻50Hz或60Hz,校準(zhun)包括(kuo)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出準(zhun)確(que)度(du)和電壓(ya)(ya)波(bo)形(xing)失真。直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)校準(zhun)包括(kuo)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)(shu)出準(zhun)確(que)度(du)和電壓(ya)(ya)紋(wen)波(bo)大小。
安(an)規(gui)綜合測(ce)(ce)試儀輸(shu)出(chu)的高(gao)壓(ya)通過(guo)(guo)1000:1標(biao)準(zhun)高(gao)壓(ya)輸(shu)入端。如果是交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),利(li)用(yong)數字多用(yong)表的交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)功能,測(ce)(ce)得的值(zhi)(zhi)再乘1000與安(an)規(gui)儀指示(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)比(bi)較;利(li)用(yong)失(shi)真儀測(ce)(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形失(shi)真,失(shi)真大小不能超(chao)過(guo)(guo)規(gui)定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)。如果是直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),利(li)用(yong)數字多用(yong)表的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)功能,測(ce)(ce)得的值(zhi)(zhi)再乘1000與安(an)規(gui)儀指示(shi)值(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)比(bi)較;再利(li)用(yong)數字多用(yong)表的交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)功能,測(ce)(ce)得的值(zhi)(zhi)再乘1000即(ji)為(wei)紋波(bo),紋波(bo)大小不能超(chao)過(guo)(guo)規(gui)定(ding)值(zhi)(zhi)。
(2)注意事項
1000:1標準(zhun)高壓(ya)(ya)分壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)一般為高壓(ya)(ya)電阻(zu)R1與(yu)電阻(zu)R2串聯,再配合(he)10MΩ輸(shu)入(ru)阻(zu)抗的(de)(de)數(shu)字多用表(biao),構成1000:1的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)分壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(如:999MΩ與(yu)1.11MΩ串聯,再配合(he)10MΩ輸(shu)入(ru)阻(zu)抗的(de)(de)數(shu)字多用表(biao),1.11MΩ與(yu)10MΩ的(de)(de)并聯電阻(zu)約為1MΩ,正好構成1000:1的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)分壓(ya)(ya)器(qi))。如果(guo)數(shu)字多用表(biao)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)阻(zu)抗大于或小于10MΩ,就會影響標準(zhun)高壓(ya)(ya)分壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)分壓(ya)(ya)比,測量也就失(shi)去了準(zhun)確性。為了安全起見,電壓(ya)(ya)應(ying)從低往高校準(zhun)。
2、漏電流測量準確度的校準
(1)校準方法
安規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)也有(you)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)之分,與輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一致。當加交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)時(shi),就(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),是直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)就(jiu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。安規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)設定(ding)一般為標稱值(zhi):0.5mA、1mA、2mA、5mA、10mA、20mA、50mA和100mA等。當被(bei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)件(jian)加到規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)時(shi),由于被(bei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)件(jian)所(suo)承受(shou)耐(nai)壓(ya)的(de)(de)能(neng)力,會有(you)一些漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過(guo)安規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)儀(yi)(yi)(yi)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)設定(ding)時(shi),儀(yi)(yi)(yi)器(qi)報安規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)綜合(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)(yi)(yi)報警,并切(qie)斷(duan)高(gao)壓(ya),表示(shi)被(bei)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)件(jian)耐(nai)壓(ya)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)不合(he)格。安規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)綜合(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀(yi)(yi)(yi)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)通過(guo)高(gao)壓(ya)限流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(根據所(suo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)不同,阻(zu)值(zhi)作相應的(de)(de)改變,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大,阻(zu)值(zhi)小;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)小,阻(zu)值(zhi)大)接入數字多用表的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)輸(shu)入端,利(li)用數字多用表的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)功能(neng),檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)或直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。
(2)注意事項
數字多用表與高壓(ya)限流電(dian)阻(zu)R1串(chuan)聯次序不(bu)能接錯(cuo),當電(dian)壓(ya)太高時(對于數字多用表HP3457A,電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)能超(chao)過400V),就會燒壞數字多用表,因為數字多用表的輸入端對地電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)能超(chao)過規(gui)定值。
3、接地電阻測量準確度的校準
安規綜合(he)測試(shi)儀(yi)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)檢測是(shi)加一定的(de)(de)工(gong)頻(pin)(50Hz或60Hz)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(3A~30A)進(jin)行檢測,采用四端法。校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)時,一要進(jin)行接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)測量(liang)準(zhun)(zhun)確度校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun),二要對設定的(de)(de)工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)。安規綜合(he)測試(shi)儀(yi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)輸出端(I和(he)I-)和(he)電(dian)(dian)壓輸入(ru)端(V和(he)V-)分(fen)別與標準(zhun)(zhun)接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)輸入(ru)端(和(he)引線電(dian)(dian)阻(zu),接(jie)地(di)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)校(xiao)(xiao)準(zhun)(zhun)一定要采用四端法。
4、絕緣電阻測量準確度的校準
(1)校準方法
安規綜合測試儀絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)是加一定的(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(一般(ban)為500V和1000V)進(jin)行檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。校(xiao)準(zhun)時(shi),一要(yao)進(jin)行絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量準(zhun)確度校(xiao)準(zhun),二要(yao)對設定的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓準(zhun)確度進(jin)行校(xiao)準(zhun)。安(an)規綜(zong)合(he)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)端直接與(yu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)箱接線柱(zhu)相連,設定檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(如:500V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓),選擇不同的(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值進(jin)行檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce),絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)的(de)顯示(shi)值與(yu)標準(zhun)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)相比(bi)較;改(gai)變(bian)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(如:1000V直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓)做(zuo)同樣的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)。
(2)注意事項
當(dang)天氣較潮(chao)濕時,校準較高(gao)(gao)阻(zu)值的絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)(1GΩ以(yi)上)誤差較大,絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)箱(xiang)應通(tong)電(dian)加熱除濕,以(yi)提高(gao)(gao)測量準確度(du)。