電子詞典組成部分

1、MCU

MCU是(shi)Main Control Unit的(de)(de)縮寫，中文意思(si)為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元，或者說主(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，也就(jiu)相當于電(dian)腦里(li)的(de)(de)CPU,人(ren)的(de)(de)大(da)腦。MCU是(shi)電(dian)子詞典(dian)中最重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)一個(ge)器(qi)件，其他的(de)(de)器(qi)件都是(shi)受其控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和操作(zuo)的(de)(de)。

2、存儲設備

在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)詞典(dian)里常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)儲芯片有(you)三種：MASKROM掩膜只讀存(cun)儲器，FLASH閃存(cun)和SRAM靜態隨機存(cun)取(qu)器。它們是(shi)通(tong)過不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工藝制造出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)，功能也不(bu)盡(jin)相同(tong)。MASK ROM里面的(de)(de)(de)資料只能一次性的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)廠(chang)家寫(xie)入，一旦寫(xie)入，就無法更(geng)(geng)改里面的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容。FLASH則(ze)可(ke)寫(xie)入內(nei)(nei)容，還可(ke)以(yi)擦除更(geng)(geng)改，這(zhe)兩種芯片里的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)容即(ji)使沒有(you)電(dian)也可(ke)以(yi)保(bao)存(cun)下來(lai)，資料不(bu)會丟失。

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3、電源及低電壓檢測

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)詞典中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)相當(dang)于(yu)人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心臟(zang)，它給(gei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)提(ti)供恒定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動力供應。日常所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器(qi)(qi)件都有一(yi)個(ge)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍（不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)件，有不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍），通常為(wei)2.7伏(fu)(fu)到(dao)(dao)3.6伏(fu)(fu)之(zhi)間，超(chao)過這個(ge)范(fan)圍，就(jiu)(jiu)有可能(neng)造(zao)成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丟失(shi)，甚至芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損壞。而(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩(liang)節大約在3.2伏(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右(you)，用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間長了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)降下(xia)來(lai)了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模塊就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)確保(bao)整個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)在固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)圍上。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經(jing)(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模塊穩(wen)壓(ya)以后，出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)了。一(yi)般為(wei)3.0伏(fu)(fu)或者(zhe)3.3伏(fu)(fu)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)用(yong)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候確實電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)多了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)某一(yi)個(ge)值(zhi)以下(xia)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模塊也頗感吃(chi)力，提(ti)供不(bu)了那么(me)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率輸出(chu)，只能(neng)干一(yi)些輕(qing)松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)采取一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(shi)了，比如(ru)提(ti)示(shi)報警、禁止發(fa)音、禁止游(you)戲等等。不(bu)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話，這些非常消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)(hui)拉低(di)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，造(zao)成死(si)機，資(zi)料(liao)丟失(shi)。以使(shi)用(yong)兩(liang)節7號堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機器(qi)(qi)來(lai)說，這個(ge)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在2.3伏(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右(you)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于(yu)2.3伏(fu)(fu)，機器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)自動檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)到(dao)(dao)，然(ran)后一(yi)些比較耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)被(bei)禁止了,同時提(ti)示(shi)用(yong)戶。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)個(ge)更(geng)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)已經(jing)(jing)不(bu)能(neng)保(bao)證任何(he)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運行了，為(wei)了保(bao)護(hu)資(zi)料(liao)及系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這時就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)由(you)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)強行關機了，這一(yi)級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)通常所說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)。同樣以兩(liang)節7號堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機器(qi)(qi)來(lai)說，這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點一(yi)般在2.0伏(fu)(fu)左(zuo)右(you)。

4、鍵盤

鍵(jian)(jian)盤就是按(an)的(de)鍵(jian)(jian)，通常包括復位鍵(jian)(jian)，開關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)，方(fang)向(xiang)鍵(jian)(jian)，２６字母，數字，符號，退(tui)出，輸入以及(ji)一(yi)些常用的(de)快捷鍵(jian)(jian)，如目錄、發(fa)音等等。

5、顯示模塊

LCD是(shi)(shi)Liquid Crystal Display的(de)(de)(de)縮寫，中文(wen)名(ming)稱為液(ye)態晶體顯(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)器，有(you)時簡(jian)稱為液(ye)晶，由(you)(you)于它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)構造大致是(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)兩塊玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)中夾著(zhu)液(ye)態晶體構成(cheng)，外表看也(ye)象玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)一樣(yang)，所以也(ye)有(you)人把LCD叫作(zuo)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)。通常LCD需(xu)要專用的(de)(de)(de)集成(cheng)電路（IC－Integrated Circuit）也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)芯片來(lai)驅(qu)動(dong)它(ta)工作(zuo)，這(zhe)個專用的(de)(de)(de)芯片就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)LCD Driver,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)主控(kong)(kong)制器本身有(you)可以直接驅(qu)動(dong)LCD的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)（或者說把主控(kong)(kong)制單(dan)元和LCD的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)單(dan)元做在(zai)一個芯片上了(le)），就(jiu)不(bu)需(xu)要再(zai)外接LCD的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)芯片了(le)，的(de)(de)(de)新英漢2280的(de)(de)(de)MCU就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)樣(yang)。但大多數MCU不(bu)具備這(zhe)種功能(neng)，都需(xu)要外接獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)LCD驅(qu)動(dong)芯片，如A系列等.有(you)關(guan)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)方面的(de)(de)(de)具體介(jie)紹請參(can)考LCD顯(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)原理與維(wei)修部分。

6、發音部分

電子詞典的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)通常分(fen)為兩種(zhong)(zhong)，真(zhen)人(ren)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)和合(he)(he)成發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。真(zhen)人(ren)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)把要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)錄下(xia)來(lai)(lai)，進行壓縮處理存下(xia)來(lai)(lai)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)時候就先進行解壓縮，再(zai)播放(fang)出來(lai)(lai)。這種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)方法(fa)占(zhan)用(yong)的(de)(de)存儲(chu)空間非常大。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)單詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)數量(liang)和所需的(de)(de)存儲(chu)空間是(shi)成比(bi)例(li)的(de)(de)，能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)越多，所需空間越大，機器成本越高，但相對(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，語音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)清晰一些。合(he)(he)成發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)簡單來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)指(zhi)單詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)是(shi)由(you)各部分(fen)合(he)(he)成而(er)來(lai)(lai)。不需要對(dui)每個(ge)單詞(ci)(ci)進行錄音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，只需要對(dui)各個(ge)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)標（或者說(shuo)(shuo)單詞(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)各部分(fen)）錄音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，這些音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)標可以(yi)用(yong)在很多的(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)里面，音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)標只有(you)那么(me)多，所以(yi)相對(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，他所占(zhan)用(yong)的(de)(de)存儲(chu)空間非常小。而(er)且幾乎所有(you)的(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)都可以(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。這種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)方法(fa)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)質(zhi)量(liang)相對(dui)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)要差一點。