電子詞典組成部分

1、MCU

MCU是(shi)Main Control Unit的縮寫，中文意思為主(zhu)要(yao)控制(zhi)單元，或者說(shuo)主(zhu)控制(zhi)器，也就相當于電(dian)(dian)腦里(li)的CPU,人的大(da)腦。MCU是(shi)電(dian)(dian)子詞(ci)典(dian)中最(zui)重要(yao)的一個器件，其(qi)他(ta)的器件都是(shi)受(shou)其(qi)控制(zhi)和操作的。

2、存儲設備

在電(dian)子詞(ci)典(dian)里(li)常見的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)有三(san)種(zhong)：MASKROM掩膜(mo)只讀(du)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)，FLASH閃存(cun)(cun)和SRAM靜(jing)態(tai)隨機存(cun)(cun)取(qu)器(qi)。它們(men)是通過不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)工藝制造出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)，功能也不(bu)盡(jin)相同。MASK ROM里(li)面的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料只能一次性的(de)(de)(de)在廠家寫入(ru)，一旦寫入(ru)，就無法更改里(li)面的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容。FLASH則可(ke)(ke)寫入(ru)內(nei)容，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)以擦除更改，這兩種(zhong)芯(xin)(xin)片(pian)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容即(ji)使沒有電(dian)也可(ke)(ke)以保(bao)存(cun)(cun)下來，資(zi)料不(bu)會丟失。

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3、電源及低電壓檢測

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)詞典中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用就(jiu)(jiu)相當(dang)于(yu)人類的(de)(de)(de)心臟，它給系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提供恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)源(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)動力供應。日常所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件都(dou)有一個(ge)(ge)(ge)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍（不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)器件，有不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍），通常為2.7伏(fu)到3.6伏(fu)之間，超過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)范(fan)(fan)圍，就(jiu)(jiu)有可能(neng)造(zao)成系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)，資(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)丟(diu)失(shi)，甚至芯片的(de)(de)(de)損壞。而的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池兩節(jie)大約在3.2伏(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，用的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間長(chang)了(le)(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就(jiu)(jiu)降下來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)確保整個(ge)(ge)(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)總是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在固(gu)(gu)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍上。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)穩(wen)壓(ya)以(yi)后(hou)，出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)需要的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)了(le)(le)(le)。一般(ban)為3.0伏(fu)或者3.3伏(fu)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池用到一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候確實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)多了(le)(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為某一個(ge)(ge)(ge)值(zhi)以(yi)下時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)模(mo)塊(kuai)也頗感(gan)吃力，提供不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)那么大的(de)(de)(de)功率(lv)輸(shu)出(chu)，只能(neng)干一些(xie)輕松(song)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，就(jiu)(jiu)要采取一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)措(cuo)施了(le)(le)(le)，比(bi)如提示報警(jing)、禁(jin)止(zhi)發音、禁(jin)止(zhi)游戲等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。不(bu)(bu)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)話，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)非常消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會(hui)拉低系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，造(zao)成死機，資(zi)料丟(diu)失(shi)。以(yi)使(shi)用兩節(jie)7號堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)機器來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在2.3伏(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)2.3伏(fu)，機器就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)自(zi)動檢測(ce)到，然(ran)后(hou)一些(xie)比(bi)較耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)被禁(jin)止(zhi)了(le)(le)(le),同時(shi)提示用戶。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低到一個(ge)(ge)(ge)更低的(de)(de)(de)值(zhi)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已經(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)保證任(ren)何功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)安全運行了(le)(le)(le)，為了(le)(le)(le)保護資(zi)料及系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)要由系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)強行關(guan)機了(le)(le)(le)，這(zhe)(zhe)一級檢測(ce)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)通常所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檢測(ce)。同樣(yang)以(yi)兩節(jie)7號堿(jian)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)機器來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)，這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點一般(ban)在2.0伏(fu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。

4、鍵盤

鍵(jian)盤就(jiu)是按的鍵(jian)，通(tong)常包括復位鍵(jian)，開(kai)關鍵(jian)，方向鍵(jian)，２６字(zi)母，數(shu)字(zi)，符號，退出，輸入以及(ji)一些常用的快(kuai)捷鍵(jian)，如(ru)目錄、發音等等。

5、顯示模塊

LCD是(shi)(shi)Liquid Crystal Display的(de)縮寫，中文(wen)名稱(cheng)為液態晶體(ti)顯示器，有(you)時簡稱(cheng)為液晶，由(you)于它的(de)構造大致是(shi)(shi)由(you)兩(liang)塊玻(bo)璃(li)中夾著(zhu)液態晶體(ti)構成，外表看也(ye)象玻(bo)璃(li)一(yi)樣(yang)，所(suo)以(yi)也(ye)有(you)人把LCD叫作(zuo)玻(bo)璃(li)。通常LCD需要(yao)專用(yong)的(de)集成電路（IC－Integrated Circuit）也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)芯(xin)片來驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)它工作(zuo)，這個(ge)專用(yong)的(de)芯(xin)片就是(shi)(shi)LCD Driver,有(you)的(de)主(zhu)控制器本身(shen)有(you)可以(yi)直接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)LCD的(de)功能（或者(zhe)說把主(zhu)控制單(dan)元和LCD的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)單(dan)元做在一(yi)個(ge)芯(xin)片上了(le)），就不(bu)需要(yao)再外接LCD的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)片了(le)，的(de)新英漢2280的(de)MCU就是(shi)(shi)這樣(yang)。但大多數MCU不(bu)具備這種功能，都需要(yao)外接獨立的(de)LCD驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)片，如(ru)A系列(lie)等.有(you)關顯示方(fang)面的(de)具體(ti)介紹請參考LCD顯示原理與維修(xiu)部分。

6、發音部分

電子詞典的(de)(de)(de)發音(yin)(yin)通常分為兩(liang)種，真人(ren)發音(yin)(yin)和合(he)成(cheng)發音(yin)(yin)。真人(ren)發音(yin)(yin)是(shi)把要發的(de)(de)(de)音(yin)(yin)錄下(xia)來(lai)，進(jin)行(xing)壓縮處理存(cun)(cun)下(xia)來(lai)，發音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)時候就(jiu)先進(jin)行(xing)解壓縮，再播放出來(lai)。這種發音(yin)(yin)方(fang)(fang)法占用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空(kong)間非常大。發音(yin)(yin)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量和所(suo)(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空(kong)間是(shi)成(cheng)比例(li)的(de)(de)(de)，能發音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)越多(duo)，所(suo)(suo)需(xu)空(kong)間越大，機器成(cheng)本越高，但相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)來(lai)說，語音(yin)(yin)清晰一些(xie)(xie)。合(he)成(cheng)發音(yin)(yin)簡單來(lai)說是(shi)指(zhi)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)發音(yin)(yin)是(shi)由各(ge)部分合(he)成(cheng)而來(lai)。不需(xu)要對(dui)每個(ge)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)進(jin)行(xing)錄音(yin)(yin)，只(zhi)需(xu)要對(dui)各(ge)個(ge)音(yin)(yin)標(biao)（或者說單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)部分）錄音(yin)(yin)，這些(xie)(xie)音(yin)(yin)標(biao)可以用(yong)在很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)里面(mian)，音(yin)(yin)標(biao)只(zhi)有那么多(duo)，所(suo)(suo)以相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)來(lai)說，他(ta)所(suo)(suo)占用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)(chu)空(kong)間非常小(xiao)。而且幾乎所(suo)(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)單詞(ci)(ci)(ci)都可以發音(yin)(yin)。這種發音(yin)(yin)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)發音(yin)(yin)質量相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)來(lai)說要差一點。