保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構
保險柜密碼鎖(suo)主要(yao)分為(wei)自(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)(shi)和非(fei)自(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)(shi)兩種。國(guo)外產的保險(xian)柜多為(wei)自(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)(shi)密碼鎖(suo);國(guo)內產的保險(xian)柜多為(wei)非(fei)自(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)(shi)密碼鎖(suo)。
1、自動落簧式密碼鎖
這是(shi)一種把密(mi)碼(通(tong)常為四(si)組(zu))對(dui)好(hao)后,掛(gua)鉤(gou)及其上邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫桿靠本身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量自動(dong)落入輪片盤和(he)鎖舌(she)旁邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)溝槽中,從而將鎖舌(she)拉動(dong)達到開啟的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種鎖的(de)(de)(de)(de)保密(mi)性好(hao),通(tong)常還可以按照自己所需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)組(zu)數字設定密(mi)碼,但是(shi)價格貴,國內基本不(bu)采用(yong)。
因為四(si)個密(mi)碼鎖輪(lun)片盤外圓不可(ke)能絕對一樣大,由于是自動落簧,所以當把刻度盤連續向某(mou)一方(fang)(fang)向轉動時(shi),開(kai)鎖的(de)(de)掛鉤或橫(heng)桿就可(ke)能落入某(mou)一槽中(zhong),這時(shi)就會產(chan)生(sheng)非常(chang)微小的(de)(de)金屬撞擊聲,這也是在影視作品中(zhong)看到用(yong)聽的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)開(kai)啟保(bao)險柜的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)開(kai)啟方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是排列組(zu)合,旋(xuan)轉方(fang)(fang)向的(de)(de)順(shun)序為左、右(you)、左、右(you)。
2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖
這是國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)(de)保險柜(ju)常用的(de)(de)密(mi)碼鎖(suo)。之所以稱為(wei)非(fei)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧式密(mi)碼鎖(suo),是因為(wei)對好(hao)密(mi)碼后,需(xu)要用手轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)把手或者(zhe)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙(chi)才能將柜(ju)門打(da)(da)開。當沒(mei)有用鑰(yao)匙(chi)打(da)(da)開鎖(suo)時,聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)(de)卡頭被鎖(suo)舌阻擋,滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)不(bu)能移動(dong)(dong)(dong);當密(mi)碼鎖(suo)的(de)(de)刻度(du)盤(pan)沒(mei)有對好(hao)時,輪片盤(pan)的(de)(de)缺口(kou)沒(mei)有在開啟位置上,滑動(dong)(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)(de)平舌不(bu)能進入三個輪片盤(pan)的(de)(de)缺口(kou),聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構也不(bu)能移動(dong)(dong)(dong),這是雙重手段限制柜(ju)門的(de)(de)開啟。只有在鎖(suo)具已經開啟,并且密(mi)碼已經對好(hao)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)機構在沒(mei)有阻礙的(de)(de)時候才能移動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
此類密碼鎖刻(ke)度盤(pan)規格(ge)種類通常分(fen)為三片(pian)(pian)(pian)或四(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)兩種。刻(ke)度盤(pan)的操作(zuo)原理為了便于記憶和交流(liu),我們將靠近柜門的對(dui)字片(pian)(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)為第(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian),中(zhong)間(jian)的稱(cheng)為第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian),最里邊的稱(cheng)為第(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(亦稱(cheng)死片(pian)(pian)(pian))。每(mei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有(you)一個(有(you)的第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上有(you)兩個)金屬(shu)突筍(sun),稱(cheng)作(zuo)帶片(pian)(pian)(pian)釘。
假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼,分別為(wei)A、B、C,由于死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固(gu)定在刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)(pan)的桿上(shang)(shang),當操作者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)(pan)時(shi)(shi),帶(dai)動(dong)死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)足夠角度時(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與(yu)(yu)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸,并且帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan);繼(ji)續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)足夠角度時(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與(yu)(yu)第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸,會帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),將密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)A對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的標(biao)記;這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)候第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的缺(que)口(kou)處于開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)。再(zai)向相(xiang)反方(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離(li)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding),本身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停在原(yuan)來(lai)位(wei)(wei)置不動(dong)。當死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼(ji)續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong),接觸第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)時(shi)(shi),將帶(dai)動(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong),將密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)B對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的標(biao)記,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的缺(que)口(kou)停留(liu)(liu)在開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang);再(zai)向相(xiang)反方(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離(li)第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding),本身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停留(liu)(liu)在原(yuan)來(lai)位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)不動(dong),將密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)C對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的標(biao)記,第(di)(di)三(san)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的缺(que)口(kou)停留(liu)(liu)在開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)(wei)置上(shang)(shang)。搬(ban)動(dong)柜門上(shang)(shang)的把手(或(huo)者轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)鑰匙(chi))帶(dai)動(dong)聯動(dong)機(ji)構則(ze)可將保(bao)險(xian)柜打開(kai)。
概(gai)況(kuang)起來講:將刻度(du)盤(pan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)三圈對(dui)第(di)一個(ge)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma),然后向相反(fan)方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)兩(liang)次(第(di)一次出現的(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)不(bu)要)對(dui)第(di)二個(ge)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma),再(zai)向相反(fan)方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)直接對(dui)第(di)三個(ge)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma),密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)就(jiu)對(dui)好了(le)。保(bao)險柜(ju)出廠時會(hui)告訴經銷店號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)經銷店再(zai)告訴用戶保(bao)險柜(ju)的(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma),不(bu)過(guo)有的(de)(de)是(shi)采(cai)用右、左、右的(de)(de)對(dui)號(hao)(hao)(hao)方式,有的(de)(de)是(shi)采(cai)用左、右、左的(de)(de)對(dui)號(hao)(hao)(hao)方式。對(dui)于三片密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖采(cai)取排練組(zu)合(he)開啟(qi)無(wu)論采(cai)取哪種方式都可以。
這里要指出的是(shi):當對(dui)第(di)(di)一個(ge)或第(di)(di)二個(ge)號碼時,如果轉過一點,不能采(cai)用向相(xiang)反(fan)方(fang)向回退(tui)一點的方(fang)法對(dui)號,因(yin)為回退(tui)一點時僅是(shi)第(di)(di)三片轉動,第(di)(di)一片和第(di)(di)二片停留在(zai)原位置并沒有轉動,所以要重新按照程序重對(dui)。
上(shang)面講(jiang)的右三(san)(san)圈、左(zuo)倆(lia)圈的對(dui)(dui)(dui)號(hao)方法比較麻煩(fan),同時也不好記憶,對(dui)(dui)(dui)此生產(chan)廠家將刻(ke)度盤(pan)(pan)進(jin)行(xing)了改(gai)進(jin)。浙(zhe)江某生產(chan)廠仿造國(guo)外產(chan)品,把死(si)片(pian)(pian)后端裝(zhuang)上(shang)塑料(liao)行(xing)星齒輪機構,利用這一(yi)結構特點,使對(dui)(dui)(dui)輪片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉一(yi)圈,死(si)片(pian)(pian)可(ke)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉三(san)(san)圈。這樣將對(dui)(dui)(dui)字盤(pan)(pan)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉一(yi)圈則可(ke)直(zhi)接對(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)一(yi)個號(hao)碼,然后分別左(zuo)、右直(zhi)接對(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)二、第(di)三(san)(san)個號(hao)碼。給用戶帶來很(hen)大方便,這也是(shi)(shi)發(fa)展方向,就是(shi)(shi)造價相對(dui)(dui)(dui)貴些。
密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進
早期生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)碼鎖有兩個缺點:一是(shi)刻度(du)盤把(ba)手是(shi)非圓(yuan)柱形,容易(yi)固定專用工具(稱為拉碼器),從而將對字盤拔出,輪片(pian)盤脫落后失去執(zhi)鎖作用可將柜門(men)打開;二是(shi)輪片(pian)盤的(de)(de)(de)死片(pian)是(shi)用一開口銷固定在刻度(du)盤的(de)(de)(de)桿(gan)上,開口銷的(de)(de)(de)抗剪切強度(du)不夠,可以輕而易(yi)舉的(de)(de)(de)用專用工具拉斷。
以(yi)后(hou)生產廠發現這個(ge)弊病后(hou),對(dui)此進行了(le)改進。在原來的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)把刻度盤(pan)的(de)(de)桿上(shang)(shang)車上(shang)(shang)螺紋,配上(shang)(shang)M10的(de)(de)螺帽并(bing)用開口(kou)銷固定,雖(sui)然增(zeng)加了(le)抗拉(la)措施,但(dan)是(shi)只要有足夠的(de)(de)拉(la)力,可以(yi)將刻度盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)固定螺絲拉(la)斷,使整個(ge)密碼鎖(suo)脫落,失去執鎖(suo)功能(neng)。
近期生產的密(mi)碼鎖在防拉方面(mian)做了改進,把刻度盤手柄(bing)加工成圓柱形,使(shi)(shi)之無法固定專(zhuan)用工具(ju),也就無法用專(zhuan)用工具(ju)將刻度盤拉出(chu)。但是魔高(gao)一(yi)尺、道高(gao)一(yi)丈,可以將柜(ju)(ju)門把手向(xiang)(xiang)開啟(qi)方向(xiang)(xiang)搬緊,使(shi)(shi)柜(ju)(ju)門傳動裝置的平(ping)舌切進對字鎖的某一(yi)片(pian),然后用管鉗夾(jia)緊并向(xiang)(xiang)某一(yi)方向(xiang)(xiang)搬動,可以將固定死片(pian)的開口(kou)銷切斷,使(shi)(shi)各對字片(pian)脫落(luo)同樣達到開啟(qi)的目(mu)的。
為了避免這(zhe)種情況發(fa)生,生產廠又做(zuo)了進一步的改進,用一彈(dan)簧卡(ka)(ka)子(zi)將第(di)一片(pian)(pian)、第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)輪片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)固(gu)定在(zai)刻度盤(pan)基(ji)座上(shang),即(ji)便把刻度盤(pan)拔出,第(di)一片(pian)(pian)、第(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)仍然卡(ka)(ka)在(zai)原位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang),由于(yu)這(zhe)兩片(pian)(pian)的缺口沒(mei)有在(zai)開啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang),還是不(bu)能將柜(ju)門打開。當(dang)然也(ye)有的保(bao)險柜(ju)沒(mei)有這(zhe)一措施(shi),就可以(yi)利(li)用此(ci)方法(fa)開啟(qi)保(bao)險柜(ju),事前(qian)要了解清楚,有百(bai)分之百(bai)的把握時才可以(yi)使用此(ci)方法(fa),以(yi)免將刻度盤(pan)拔出后,不(bu)但(dan)不(bu)能馬上(shang)打開柜(ju)門,相反增加(jia)許多麻煩。
密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法
以(yi)后講述(shu)的方法(fa),都是以(yi)100個號碼為例,并且在保險(xian)鎖已經開啟的前提下進行(xing)。
所謂切的(de)方法,就(jiu)是(shi)搬動(dong)(dong)把手讓聯動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)平舌試(shi)圖插進(jin)輪片盤缺(que)口的(de)同時(shi),用手轉動(dong)(dong)刻度盤,通(tong)過產生(sheng)的(de)現象和(he)手感,分析、判斷開啟(qi)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma),然后對好密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma),將保險柜打(da)開。但是(shi)如何知道我們所判斷的(de)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)是(shi)第(di)幾片的(de)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)呢(ni)?
前(qian)面在密(mi)碼鎖操作原理中(zhong)已經講(jiang)過:死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶動(dong)(dong)第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong),再(zai)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶動(dong)(dong)第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)要向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度盤,第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)、第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)都不動(dong)(dong),只(zhi)有(you)第三(san)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong);對字盤向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)時(shi)(shi),才能(neng)帶動(dong)(dong)第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong),再(zai)向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)才能(neng)帶動(dong)(dong)第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。根據這(zhe)個原理就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)判斷出(chu)切出(chu)的密(mi)碼是(shi)第幾(ji)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的密(mi)碼。
如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上,使各帶片釘接觸后,左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄(或者鑰匙)的同時,右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄,當轉動一定角度時,鎖閂會有落槽的感覺(會聽到聲響,開門把柄會有所轉動)。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄,如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格,說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼;若能轉動近一圈,說明切出的是第二片號碼;若能轉動近兩圈,說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚,最好是在保險柜上實(shi)際操作(zuo)一下(xia),理解其(qi)中奧秘(mi)。
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