保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密碼(ma)鎖(suo)主要(yao)分為(wei)自動落(luo)簧(huang)式和非自動落(luo)簧(huang)式兩種(zhong)。國外產的保(bao)險(xian)柜多(duo)為(wei)自動落(luo)簧(huang)式密碼(ma)鎖(suo)；國內產的保(bao)險(xian)柜多(duo)為(wei)非自動落(luo)簧(huang)式密碼(ma)鎖(suo)。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是一種把密碼(ma)（通常為四組）對好(hao)后，掛(gua)鉤及其上邊的(de)(de)橫桿靠本(ben)身的(de)(de)重量自動(dong)落入輪片盤和(he)鎖(suo)舌旁邊的(de)(de)溝(gou)槽中，從(cong)而將鎖(suo)舌拉動(dong)達到開啟(qi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。這種鎖(suo)的(de)(de)保(bao)密性好(hao)，通常還可(ke)以按照自己所需要的(de)(de)四組數(shu)字設定密碼(ma)，但(dan)是價格貴，國內基本(ben)不(bu)采用。

因為四個密碼(ma)鎖輪片盤(pan)外圓不可能(neng)絕對一樣大(da)，由于是(shi)自動落簧(huang)，所以(yi)當把刻度盤(pan)連續(xu)向(xiang)某一方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉動時，開(kai)(kai)鎖的(de)(de)掛(gua)鉤或橫(heng)桿就可能(neng)落入某一槽中(zhong)，這時就會(hui)產(chan)生非常(chang)微小的(de)(de)金屬撞(zhuang)擊聲，這也是(shi)在(zai)影視作品中(zhong)看到用(yong)聽的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)保險(xian)柜(ju)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)排(pai)列組合，旋轉方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)順序(xu)為左(zuo)、右(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國內(nei)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)保險柜常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)。之所以稱(cheng)為非自(zi)動(dong)(dong)落簧式密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為對好(hao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)碼(ma)后，需要用(yong)(yong)手(shou)轉動(dong)(dong)把(ba)手(shou)或者(zhe)轉動(dong)(dong)鑰匙才能將柜門打(da)開(kai)。當沒(mei)有(you)用(yong)(yong)鑰匙打(da)開(kai)鎖(suo)(suo)時(shi)，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構滑動(dong)(dong)板上的(de)(de)(de)(de)卡頭被鎖(suo)(suo)舌(she)阻擋，滑動(dong)(dong)板不(bu)(bu)能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)；當密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刻度盤沒(mei)有(you)對好(hao)時(shi)，輪(lun)片盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口沒(mei)有(you)在(zai)開(kai)啟位置上，滑動(dong)(dong)板上的(de)(de)(de)(de)平舌(she)不(bu)(bu)能進入三個(ge)輪(lun)片盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構也不(bu)(bu)能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)雙重手(shou)段限制(zhi)柜門的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)啟。只有(you)在(zai)鎖(suo)(suo)具已經開(kai)啟，并且(qie)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)碼(ma)已經對好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)阻礙的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候才能移(yi)動(dong)(dong)。

此類密碼鎖刻度(du)(du)盤(pan)規格種類通常(chang)分(fen)為三(san)片(pian)(pian)或(huo)四片(pian)(pian)兩(liang)種。刻度(du)(du)盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)操作原理(li)為了便于記憶(yi)和交流(liu)，我們將靠近柜門的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)字片(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)為第一片(pian)(pian)，中間的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為第二(er)片(pian)(pian)，最里邊的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為第三(san)片(pian)(pian)（亦稱(cheng)死片(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)上有(you)(you)一個（有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)第二(er)片(pian)(pian)上有(you)(you)兩(liang)個）金(jin)屬突筍，稱(cheng)作帶片(pian)(pian)釘(ding)。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分(fen)別為A、B、C，由于死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在(zai)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)的(de)(de)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)，當操作(zuo)者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)時(shi)，帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)足夠角度(du)時(shi)死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)接觸，并且帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一同(tong)(tong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)；繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)足夠角度(du)時(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)接觸，會(hui)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一同(tong)(tong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)A對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)標記；這(zhe)時(shi)候第(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)缺口處于開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。再向(xiang)相(xiang)反方向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)，本(ben)身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，第(di)(di)(di)一片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)在(zai)原來位(wei)置(zhi)不動(dong)(dong)。當死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，接觸第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)B對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)標記，這(zhe)時(shi)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)缺口停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)；再向(xiang)相(xiang)反方向(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)(ding)(ding)，本(ben)身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)原來位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)不動(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)C對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)標記，第(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)缺口停(ting)留(liu)在(zai)開(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)柜門上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)把手（或者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰匙）帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)機構(gou)則可將(jiang)(jiang)保險柜打開(kai)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概況起來講(jiang)：將刻(ke)度(du)盤轉動(dong)三圈對(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)一個密碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，然后向相反方(fang)(fang)向轉動(dong)兩(liang)次（第(di)一次出現的號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)）對(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)二個號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，再(zai)(zai)向相反方(fang)(fang)向轉動(dong)直接對(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)三個號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，密碼(ma)(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)的密碼(ma)(ma)(ma)就(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)好了。保(bao)險柜出廠時(shi)會告訴經(jing)銷(xiao)店號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)經(jing)銷(xiao)店再(zai)(zai)告訴用戶保(bao)險柜的號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，不(bu)(bu)過有(you)的是采用右、左、右的對(dui)(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，有(you)的是采用左、右、左的對(dui)(dui)(dui)號(hao)(hao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于三片密碼(ma)(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)采取排練組合(he)開啟無論(lun)采取哪種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)都(dou)可以。

這里要(yao)指(zhi)出的是：當對(dui)第(di)(di)(di)一個或第(di)(di)(di)二(er)個號(hao)(hao)碼時，如果轉過一點(dian)，不能采用向(xiang)相反(fan)方向(xiang)回(hui)(hui)退一點(dian)的方法對(dui)號(hao)(hao)，因為(wei)回(hui)(hui)退一點(dian)時僅是第(di)(di)(di)三片轉動(dong)，第(di)(di)(di)一片和第(di)(di)(di)二(er)片停留(liu)在(zai)原(yuan)位置并沒(mei)有(you)轉動(dong)，所以要(yao)重(zhong)新按照(zhao)程序重(zhong)對(dui)。

上面講的右(you)三(san)(san)圈、左倆圈的對(dui)號方(fang)法比較麻煩，同時也不(bu)好記憶，對(dui)此生(sheng)產廠家將(jiang)刻度盤進行了改(gai)進。浙江某生(sheng)產廠仿(fang)造國外產品，把死片后端裝上塑(su)料行星(xing)齒輪機構，利用這(zhe)一結構特點，使對(dui)輪片盤旋轉一圈，死片可旋轉三(san)(san)圈。這(zhe)樣將(jiang)對(dui)字(zi)盤旋轉一圈則可直接對(dui)第一個號碼(ma)，然(ran)后分別左、右(you)直接對(dui)第二、第三(san)(san)個號碼(ma)。給用戶(hu)帶(dai)來(lai)很大(da)方(fang)便，這(zhe)也是發展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)，就(jiu)是造價相對(dui)貴些(xie)。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早期生產的(de)密碼鎖有(you)兩個缺點(dian)：一是(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)度盤把手是(shi)(shi)(shi)非圓柱形(xing)，容易固(gu)定專(zhuan)用工(gong)具（稱為拉碼器），從(cong)而(er)將(jiang)對字盤拔(ba)出，輪片(pian)盤脫落后失去執(zhi)鎖作用可將(jiang)柜門打開；二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)輪片(pian)盤的(de)死片(pian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用一開口銷(xiao)固(gu)定在刻(ke)(ke)度盤的(de)桿上(shang)，開口銷(xiao)的(de)抗剪切強度不夠，可以(yi)輕而(er)易舉的(de)用專(zhuan)用工(gong)具拉斷。

以(yi)后生產廠發現這個弊病(bing)后，對此進行(xing)了改進。在原來(lai)的基(ji)礎上(shang)把(ba)刻度盤的桿上(shang)車上(shang)螺紋，配上(shang)M10的螺帽并(bing)用開口銷(xiao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)，雖然增加了抗(kang)拉(la)(la)措施，但是只要有足夠的拉(la)(la)力，可以(yi)將(jiang)刻度盤基(ji)座固(gu)定(ding)(ding)螺絲拉(la)(la)斷，使整個密碼鎖(suo)脫落，失去執鎖(suo)功(gong)能。

近期生產的密碼鎖(suo)在防(fang)拉(la)方面做了改進(jin)，把刻度(du)盤手柄加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成圓柱(zhu)形，使(shi)之無法(fa)固定專用工(gong)(gong)具(ju)，也就無法(fa)用專用工(gong)(gong)具(ju)將刻度(du)盤拉(la)出(chu)。但是魔高(gao)一(yi)尺(chi)、道高(gao)一(yi)丈，可以將柜門把手向(xiang)開啟(qi)方向(xiang)搬(ban)緊(jin)，使(shi)柜門傳動裝置的平舌切進(jin)對(dui)字鎖(suo)的某一(yi)片，然后用管鉗(qian)夾(jia)緊(jin)并向(xiang)某一(yi)方向(xiang)搬(ban)動，可以將固定死片的開口銷(xiao)切斷，使(shi)各對(dui)字片脫落同樣達到開啟(qi)的目的。

為了(le)(le)避免這種情況發生，生產廠(chang)又(you)做了(le)(le)進一(yi)步的(de)(de)改進，用(yong)(yong)一(yi)彈簧卡子將(jiang)(jiang)第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)、第二片(pian)(pian)輪片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)固定在(zai)(zai)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，即便把刻(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)(pan)拔(ba)出(chu)，第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)、第二片(pian)(pian)仍然卡在(zai)(zai)原位置上(shang)(shang)，由(you)于這兩(liang)片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)缺口沒有在(zai)(zai)開啟(qi)位置上(shang)(shang)，還是不(bu)能將(jiang)(jiang)柜(ju)(ju)(ju)門打開。當然也(ye)有的(de)(de)保險柜(ju)(ju)(ju)沒有這一(yi)措施，就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)利用(yong)(yong)此方法(fa)開啟(qi)保險柜(ju)(ju)(ju)，事(shi)前要了(le)(le)解(jie)清楚，有百分之(zhi)百的(de)(de)把握時才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)此方法(fa)，以(yi)(yi)免將(jiang)(jiang)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)盤(pan)(pan)拔(ba)出(chu)后，不(bu)但不(bu)能馬上(shang)(shang)打開柜(ju)(ju)(ju)門，相反(fan)增加許(xu)多麻煩。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以(yi)后講(jiang)述的(de)方法，都是以(yi)100個號(hao)碼(ma)為例(li)，并(bing)且在保險鎖已經開啟的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)進行。

所謂切的(de)方法，就是搬(ban)動(dong)(dong)把手讓聯動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)平舌試圖插進輪片盤缺口的(de)同時，用手轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度盤，通過產生的(de)現象和手感(gan)，分析(xi)、判(pan)斷開啟密碼，然(ran)后對好密碼，將保險柜打開。但是如何知(zhi)道我(wo)們(men)所判(pan)斷的(de)密碼是第幾片的(de)密碼呢？

前(qian)面在密(mi)碼(ma)鎖操作(zuo)原理中已(yi)經講過：死片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可以帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可以帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)右(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這時(shi)要向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度盤(pan)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)、第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)都不動(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；對字盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)時(shi)，才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。根據這個原理就可以判斷出切(qie)出的密(mi)碼(ma)是第(di)(di)(di)幾(ji)片(pian)(pian)的密(mi)碼(ma)。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上(shang)實(shi)際操作一下，理(li)解其(qi)中奧秘。