保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密碼(ma)鎖主(zhu)要分為自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)(shi)和非自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)(shi)兩種。國外產的保險(xian)柜(ju)多為自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)(shi)密碼(ma)鎖；國內產的保險(xian)柜(ju)多為非自動(dong)(dong)(dong)落簧(huang)(huang)式(shi)(shi)密碼(ma)鎖。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是(shi)一種(zhong)把密(mi)(mi)碼（通常為(wei)四組）對好(hao)后，掛鉤及其(qi)上邊的(de)(de)(de)橫桿靠(kao)本身的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落入輪片盤和(he)鎖舌旁邊的(de)(de)(de)溝槽(cao)中，從而將鎖舌拉動(dong)達到開啟的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)鎖的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)密(mi)(mi)性好(hao)，通常還可以按照自(zi)(zi)己(ji)所需要的(de)(de)(de)四組數字設定(ding)密(mi)(mi)碼，但是(shi)價格貴，國(guo)內基本不采用(yong)。

因為(wei)四個密碼鎖輪片盤(pan)外圓不可能絕對(dui)一樣大(da)，由于是自(zi)動落簧，所以(yi)當把刻度盤(pan)連續向某一方(fang)(fang)向轉動時，開鎖的(de)掛鉤或橫桿就可能落入某一槽(cao)中(zhong)，這時就會產(chan)生非常微小的(de)金(jin)屬撞擊聲，這也是在影視作品(pin)中(zhong)看(kan)到用聽的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)開啟(qi)保(bao)險柜的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。常用的(de)開啟(qi)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是排(pai)列組合，旋(xuan)轉方(fang)(fang)向的(de)順序為(wei)左(zuo)、右、左(zuo)、右。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是(shi)(shi)國內生產的(de)(de)(de)保險柜(ju)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)。之所以稱為非自動落簧式密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)，是(shi)(shi)因為對好(hao)(hao)密(mi)碼(ma)后，需要用(yong)手(shou)轉(zhuan)動把手(shou)或(huo)者轉(zhuan)動鑰匙才(cai)能(neng)將柜(ju)門打開。當(dang)(dang)沒有(you)用(yong)鑰匙打開鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)時(shi)，聯(lian)動機(ji)構(gou)滑(hua)動板上的(de)(de)(de)卡頭被鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)舌(she)阻擋(dang)，滑(hua)動板不能(neng)移(yi)動；當(dang)(dang)密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)刻度盤沒有(you)對好(hao)(hao)時(shi)，輪片盤的(de)(de)(de)缺口沒有(you)在(zai)開啟(qi)位置上，滑(hua)動板上的(de)(de)(de)平舌(she)不能(neng)進入三個輪片盤的(de)(de)(de)缺口，聯(lian)動機(ji)構(gou)也不能(neng)移(yi)動，這是(shi)(shi)雙重手(shou)段(duan)限制柜(ju)門的(de)(de)(de)開啟(qi)。只有(you)在(zai)鎖(suo)(suo)(suo)具已經開啟(qi)，并且密(mi)碼(ma)已經對好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，聯(lian)動機(ji)構(gou)在(zai)沒有(you)阻礙的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候才(cai)能(neng)移(yi)動。

此類(lei)密(mi)碼鎖刻度(du)盤規格種(zhong)類(lei)通(tong)常分為(wei)三(san)片(pian)(pian)或四片(pian)(pian)兩種(zhong)。刻度(du)盤的(de)操作原理為(wei)了便于記(ji)憶和交流，我們將靠近柜(ju)門的(de)對字(zi)片(pian)(pian)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)第一片(pian)(pian)，中間的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)第二片(pian)(pian)，最(zui)里邊的(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)第三(san)片(pian)(pian)（亦稱(cheng)(cheng)死(si)片(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)上(shang)有一個（有的(de)第二片(pian)(pian)上(shang)有兩個）金屬(shu)突筍，稱(cheng)(cheng)作帶片(pian)(pian)釘(ding)。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分別為A、B、C，由于死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在刻度(du)盤的(de)(de)(de)桿上(shang)，當(dang)操作者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度(du)盤時(shi)(shi)(shi)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠(gou)角度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸(chu)(chu)，并且帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)；繼(ji)續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足夠(gou)角度(du)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與(yu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸(chu)(chu)，會帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)A對(dui)(dui)準刻度(du)盤基座上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)；這時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口處于開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置上(shang)。再(zai)向相(xiang)反方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤，死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本(ben)身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)在原(yuan)來(lai)位(wei)置不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當(dang)死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼(ji)續(xu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，接觸(chu)(chu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)B對(dui)(dui)準刻度(du)盤基座上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口停(ting)留(liu)在開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置上(shang)；再(zai)向相(xiang)反方向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤，死(si)(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫離第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本(ben)身自(zi)己旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停(ting)留(liu)在原(yuan)來(lai)位(wei)置上(shang)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)碼(ma)C對(dui)(dui)準刻度(du)盤基座上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記(ji)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)(que)口停(ting)留(liu)在開(kai)(kai)啟(qi)位(wei)置上(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)柜(ju)門上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)把手（或者(zhe)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰匙）帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構則可將(jiang)(jiang)保險柜(ju)打開(kai)(kai)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概(gai)況起來講(jiang)：將刻度盤轉(zhuan)動三(san)圈對第一(yi)個密(mi)碼，然后(hou)向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動兩次（第一(yi)次出現的(de)(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)碼不要）對第二個號(hao)(hao)碼，再(zai)向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動直接對第三(san)個號(hao)(hao)碼，密(mi)碼鎖的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)碼就對好了。保險(xian)柜出廠時會告(gao)訴經(jing)銷店號(hao)(hao)碼經(jing)銷店再(zai)告(gao)訴用戶保險(xian)柜的(de)(de)(de)號(hao)(hao)碼，不過有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)采用右(you)、左、右(you)的(de)(de)(de)對號(hao)(hao)方(fang)式(shi)，有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)采用左、右(you)、左的(de)(de)(de)對號(hao)(hao)方(fang)式(shi)。對于三(san)片(pian)密(mi)碼鎖采取(qu)排練組合(he)開啟無論采取(qu)哪種方(fang)式(shi)都可以。

這里要指出的(de)是：當對(dui)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個或第二個號碼時，如果(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)，不能采用向(xiang)相反方向(xiang)回(hui)退一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)方法對(dui)號，因為回(hui)退一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)時僅是第三片(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動，第一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)和第二片(pian)(pian)停(ting)留在(zai)原位置并沒有轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動，所以要重新(xin)按(an)照程序重對(dui)。

上面(mian)講的(de)右三(san)圈、左(zuo)倆圈的(de)對(dui)(dui)號(hao)方法比較麻煩，同時也不好記憶，對(dui)(dui)此(ci)生產廠家將刻度盤進行了改(gai)進。浙江某生產廠仿造(zao)國外產品，把(ba)死片后端(duan)裝上塑料行星齒(chi)輪(lun)機構，利(li)用(yong)這(zhe)一(yi)結構特點(dian)，使對(dui)(dui)輪(lun)片盤旋轉一(yi)圈，死片可(ke)旋轉三(san)圈。這(zhe)樣將對(dui)(dui)字盤旋轉一(yi)圈則可(ke)直(zhi)接對(dui)(dui)第一(yi)個號(hao)碼，然后分(fen)別左(zuo)、右直(zhi)接對(dui)(dui)第二(er)、第三(san)個號(hao)碼。給用(yong)戶帶來很大方便，這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)發(fa)展方向(xiang)，就是(shi)(shi)造(zao)價相對(dui)(dui)貴(gui)些。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早期生產(chan)的密碼鎖有兩個缺點：一是(shi)刻度(du)(du)盤把(ba)手是(shi)非圓柱形，容易固定(ding)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具（稱(cheng)為(wei)拉碼器），從而將對字盤拔出，輪片盤脫落后失去執鎖作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可將柜門打開；二是(shi)輪片盤的死片是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一開口(kou)銷(xiao)(xiao)固定(ding)在刻度(du)(du)盤的桿上，開口(kou)銷(xiao)(xiao)的抗剪切強度(du)(du)不(bu)夠，可以輕而易舉的用(yong)(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具拉斷。

以后生產(chan)廠發現這個弊病后，對(dui)此進行了改進。在原來的基礎上(shang)(shang)把刻度盤的桿上(shang)(shang)車上(shang)(shang)螺(luo)紋，配(pei)上(shang)(shang)M10的螺(luo)帽并用開口銷固(gu)定(ding)，雖然(ran)增加(jia)了抗拉措施，但是只要有足夠(gou)的拉力，可(ke)以將刻度盤基座固(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)絲拉斷，使整(zheng)個密碼鎖(suo)脫落，失去執鎖(suo)功能。

近期(qi)生產的(de)(de)(de)密碼鎖(suo)在防拉(la)方面做了改(gai)進，把刻度(du)盤手柄加(jia)工成(cheng)圓柱形，使之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)固定(ding)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具(ju)，也就無(wu)(wu)法(fa)用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具(ju)將(jiang)刻度(du)盤拉(la)出(chu)。但是魔高(gao)一尺、道高(gao)一丈，可以(yi)將(jiang)柜(ju)門把手向(xiang)開啟(qi)方向(xiang)搬緊(jin)，使柜(ju)門傳動裝置的(de)(de)(de)平舌切進對字(zi)鎖(suo)的(de)(de)(de)某(mou)一片(pian)，然后用(yong)(yong)(yong)管鉗夾緊(jin)并向(xiang)某(mou)一方向(xiang)搬動，可以(yi)將(jiang)固定(ding)死片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)開口銷切斷，使各對字(zi)片(pian)脫落同樣達(da)到開啟(qi)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

為了避免這種情(qing)況發生，生產廠又做了進一(yi)步的改進，用一(yi)彈簧卡子將(jiang)(jiang)第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)固定在刻度盤(pan)(pan)基座(zuo)上，即便把刻度盤(pan)(pan)拔出，第一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)仍(reng)然(ran)卡在原位(wei)置上，由于這兩片(pian)(pian)(pian)的缺口沒有(you)在開啟位(wei)置上，還是不(bu)能將(jiang)(jiang)柜(ju)門(men)打(da)開。當然(ran)也有(you)的保(bao)險(xian)柜(ju)沒有(you)這一(yi)措施(shi)，就可以(yi)(yi)利用此(ci)方法(fa)開啟保(bao)險(xian)柜(ju)，事前(qian)要了解清(qing)楚，有(you)百(bai)分(fen)之百(bai)的把握時才可以(yi)(yi)使用此(ci)方法(fa)，以(yi)(yi)免將(jiang)(jiang)刻度盤(pan)(pan)拔出后，不(bu)但不(bu)能馬上打(da)開柜(ju)門(men)，相反增加許多麻(ma)煩。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以(yi)(yi)后講(jiang)述的方(fang)法，都是(shi)以(yi)(yi)100個(ge)號碼為(wei)例，并且在保險鎖已經(jing)開啟的前提下進行。

所謂切(qie)的(de)方法，就是(shi)(shi)搬動把手讓聯動裝置的(de)平舌試圖(tu)插(cha)進輪(lun)片(pian)盤缺口的(de)同時，用手轉動刻(ke)度(du)盤，通過產生的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)和手感，分析、判(pan)斷(duan)開啟(qi)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然后對(dui)好密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，將(jiang)保(bao)險柜打開。但是(shi)(shi)如何知道(dao)我們所判(pan)斷(duan)的(de)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)第幾(ji)片(pian)的(de)密(mi)(mi)碼(ma)(ma)呢？

前面在(zai)密碼(ma)鎖操作原理中已經講過：死片向(xiang)(xiang)右轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可(ke)以帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二片向(xiang)(xiang)右轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)右轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)可(ke)以帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片向(xiang)(xiang)右轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這時要(yao)向(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)度盤(pan)，第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片、第(di)(di)(di)二片都不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)(di)三片轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；對字盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)時，才能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)二片向(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再向(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈(quan)才能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片向(xiang)(xiang)左轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。根(gen)據這個(ge)原理就(jiu)可(ke)以判(pan)斷出切出的密碼(ma)是第(di)(di)(di)幾(ji)片的密碼(ma)。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上實際操作一下，理解其中奧(ao)秘。