保險柜密碼鎖的種類和結構

保險柜密碼(ma)鎖主要分為自(zi)(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)和非自(zi)(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)兩種。國(guo)外(wai)產的保險柜(ju)多(duo)為自(zi)(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)密碼(ma)鎖；國(guo)內(nei)產的保險柜(ju)多(duo)為非自(zi)(zi)動落(luo)簧式(shi)密碼(ma)鎖。

1、自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是一(yi)種(zhong)把(ba)密(mi)碼（通常為(wei)四(si)組）對(dui)好后(hou)，掛鉤及其上邊(bian)的橫桿(gan)靠(kao)本(ben)身的重量自(zi)(zi)動(dong)落入(ru)輪片盤和鎖(suo)(suo)舌旁邊(bian)的溝槽中，從而將鎖(suo)(suo)舌拉(la)動(dong)達到(dao)開啟的目的。這種(zhong)鎖(suo)(suo)的保密(mi)性好，通常還可(ke)以按照(zhao)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)所需要的四(si)組數字設(she)定密(mi)碼，但(dan)是價格(ge)貴(gui)，國(guo)內基(ji)本(ben)不(bu)采用。

因為四(si)個密碼鎖輪片(pian)盤(pan)(pan)外圓不可(ke)能絕對一(yi)樣大，由于(yu)是自動落(luo)簧，所以當把(ba)刻度盤(pan)(pan)連續向(xiang)某(mou)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動時(shi)，開鎖的(de)掛(gua)鉤或橫桿(gan)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)能落(luo)入某(mou)一(yi)槽中(zhong)，這時(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)會產(chan)生非常(chang)微小的(de)金屬撞擊聲，這也是在影(ying)視(shi)作品(pin)中(zhong)看到用聽的(de)方(fang)(fang)法開啟(qi)保險柜的(de)方(fang)(fang)法。常(chang)用的(de)開啟(qi)方(fang)(fang)法是排列組合，旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)順(shun)序為左(zuo)、右(you)、左(zuo)、右(you)。

2、非自動落簧式密碼鎖

這是國內生產的(de)保險柜常用的(de)密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)。之所(suo)以稱為非自動(dong)(dong)落簧式密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)，是因(yin)為對(dui)好密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)后，需要用手(shou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)把手(shou)或者轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)鑰匙才能將柜門(men)打開(kai)。當沒(mei)有(you)用鑰匙打開(kai)鎖(suo)(suo)時(shi)，聯動(dong)(dong)機構滑動(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)卡頭被鎖(suo)(suo)舌阻(zu)擋，滑動(dong)(dong)板(ban)不能移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)；當密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)鎖(suo)(suo)的(de)刻(ke)度盤(pan)沒(mei)有(you)對(dui)好時(shi)，輪(lun)片盤(pan)的(de)缺口沒(mei)有(you)在(zai)開(kai)啟位置(zhi)上，滑動(dong)(dong)板(ban)上的(de)平舌不能進入三(san)個輪(lun)片盤(pan)的(de)缺口，聯動(dong)(dong)機構也不能移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)，這是雙重手(shou)段限制(zhi)柜門(men)的(de)開(kai)啟。只有(you)在(zai)鎖(suo)(suo)具已(yi)經(jing)開(kai)啟，并(bing)且密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)已(yi)經(jing)對(dui)好的(de)情況下，聯動(dong)(dong)機構在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)阻(zu)礙的(de)時(shi)候才能移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)。

此(ci)類密(mi)碼鎖(suo)刻度盤規格種類通(tong)常(chang)分為(wei)三片(pian)(pian)或四(si)片(pian)(pian)兩種。刻度盤的操作原理(li)為(wei)了便于記憶(yi)和交流(liu)，我們將靠(kao)近柜門(men)的對字(zi)片(pian)(pian)稱為(wei)第(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)，中(zhong)間的稱為(wei)第(di)二片(pian)(pian)，最里(li)邊的稱為(wei)第(di)三片(pian)(pian)（亦稱死片(pian)(pian)）。每片(pian)(pian)上有(you)一(yi)個（有(you)的第(di)二片(pian)(pian)上有(you)兩個）金屬(shu)突(tu)筍，稱作帶片(pian)(pian)釘。

假設對字鎖三個開啟密碼，分別為A、B、C，由于死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)固定在(zai)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)的(de)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，當操作者轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)時(shi)(shi)，帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)起轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足(zu)夠角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸(chu)，并且帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同(tong)旋轉；繼續轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)足(zu)夠角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)時(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)與第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)接觸(chu)，會帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)一(yi)同(tong)旋轉，將(jiang)密(mi)碼A對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)標記；這時(shi)(shi)候第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)缺(que)(que)口處于開(kai)啟位置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。再向相反(fan)方向轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫(tuo)離第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本身自己旋轉，第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停在(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)位置(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。當死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)繼續轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，接觸(chu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)時(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)密(mi)碼B對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)標記，這時(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)缺(que)(que)口停留在(zai)開(kai)啟位置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；再向相反(fan)方向轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)盤(pan)，死(si)(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)脫(tuo)離第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)釘(ding)，本身自己旋轉、第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)停留在(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)位置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，將(jiang)密(mi)碼C對準刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)盤(pan)基(ji)座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)標記，第(di)(di)(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)缺(que)(que)口停留在(zai)開(kai)啟位置(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。搬動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)柜門上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)把手（或者轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鑰(yao)匙）帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)聯動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機構(gou)則可將(jiang)保險柜打(da)開(kai)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

概況起來講：將(jiang)刻度盤轉(zhuan)動三圈對(dui)第(di)(di)一個密碼，然后(hou)向(xiang)相反方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動兩次（第(di)(di)一次出(chu)現的號(hao)碼不要(yao)）對(dui)第(di)(di)二個號(hao)碼，再向(xiang)相反方(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動直接對(dui)第(di)(di)三個號(hao)碼，密碼鎖的密碼就對(dui)好了(le)。保險柜(ju)出(chu)廠(chang)時會告訴經銷店號(hao)碼經銷店再告訴用(yong)(yong)戶保險柜(ju)的號(hao)碼，不過(guo)有(you)的是采用(yong)(yong)右、左、右的對(dui)號(hao)方(fang)式(shi)，有(you)的是采用(yong)(yong)左、右、左的對(dui)號(hao)方(fang)式(shi)。對(dui)于(yu)三片密碼鎖采取(qu)排練組(zu)合開啟無論(lun)采取(qu)哪種方(fang)式(shi)都可以。

這里要指出(chu)的是：當對(dui)第(di)(di)一個或(huo)第(di)(di)二個號碼(ma)時(shi)，如果轉(zhuan)(zhuan)過一點，不能采用(yong)向相(xiang)反方(fang)向回退一點的方(fang)法對(dui)號，因為回退一點時(shi)僅是第(di)(di)三片轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，第(di)(di)一片和第(di)(di)二片停留在(zai)原位(wei)置(zhi)并沒有轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，所以要重(zhong)新按照程序重(zhong)對(dui)。

上(shang)面講的右三(san)(san)圈(quan)、左倆圈(quan)的對(dui)(dui)號方法比較麻(ma)煩，同時(shi)也不好記(ji)憶(yi)，對(dui)(dui)此生產廠家將刻度盤進行了改進。浙(zhe)江某生產廠仿造國外產品，把死片(pian)后端裝上(shang)塑料行星齒輪(lun)機構，利(li)用這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)結構特點，使對(dui)(dui)輪(lun)片(pian)盤旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)，死片(pian)可(ke)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)三(san)(san)圈(quan)。這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)將對(dui)(dui)字盤旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)則可(ke)直接對(dui)(dui)第一(yi)(yi)個號碼，然后分別左、右直接對(dui)(dui)第二、第三(san)(san)個號碼。給用戶帶來(lai)很大方便(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)也是(shi)發展方向，就是(shi)造價相對(dui)(dui)貴些。

密碼鎖防破壞措施的不斷改進

早(zao)期生(sheng)產的密碼鎖(suo)有兩個缺點：一是(shi)刻度盤(pan)(pan)把手(shou)是(shi)非圓(yuan)柱形，容(rong)易(yi)固定專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具（稱為拉(la)碼器），從而將對字盤(pan)(pan)拔出，輪(lun)片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)脫落后失去執鎖(suo)作用(yong)(yong)可將柜(ju)門(men)打開(kai)；二是(shi)輪(lun)片(pian)(pian)盤(pan)(pan)的死(si)片(pian)(pian)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)一開(kai)口銷(xiao)固定在刻度盤(pan)(pan)的桿上，開(kai)口銷(xiao)的抗(kang)剪切強度不夠，可以輕而易(yi)舉的用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具拉(la)斷。

以(yi)后生(sheng)產廠發現(xian)這個(ge)弊(bi)病后，對此(ci)進行了(le)改進。在(zai)原(yuan)來的基礎上(shang)把刻度盤的桿上(shang)車上(shang)螺(luo)紋，配(pei)上(shang)M10的螺(luo)帽并用開口(kou)銷固(gu)定(ding)，雖然增加(jia)了(le)抗拉(la)(la)措施，但是只要有足夠的拉(la)(la)力，可(ke)以(yi)將刻度盤基座(zuo)固(gu)定(ding)螺(luo)絲拉(la)(la)斷，使整(zheng)個(ge)密碼鎖脫落(luo)，失去(qu)執(zhi)鎖功能。

近(jin)期生產的(de)(de)密碼(ma)鎖(suo)在防(fang)拉(la)方面(mian)做了改進，把刻(ke)度盤(pan)手柄加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)圓柱形，使之無法固定(ding)(ding)專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具，也就無法用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具將(jiang)刻(ke)度盤(pan)拉(la)出。但是魔高(gao)一尺(chi)、道高(gao)一丈，可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)柜門(men)把手向開(kai)啟(qi)方向搬緊，使柜門(men)傳動裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)平舌切進對(dui)字(zi)鎖(suo)的(de)(de)某(mou)一片，然(ran)后用(yong)(yong)管鉗夾緊并向某(mou)一方向搬動，可(ke)以(yi)將(jiang)固定(ding)(ding)死片的(de)(de)開(kai)口銷切斷，使各對(dui)字(zi)片脫落同樣達到開(kai)啟(qi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

為了(le)避免這(zhe)種情(qing)況(kuang)發(fa)生，生產廠又做了(le)進一步的(de)(de)改進，用(yong)一彈簧卡子將第一片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)輪片(pian)(pian)(pian)盤固定在刻度(du)盤基座(zuo)上，即便把刻度(du)盤拔(ba)出(chu)(chu)，第一片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)仍(reng)然卡在原位置上，由于這(zhe)兩片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)缺口沒(mei)有(you)(you)在開啟(qi)位置上，還是不能將柜(ju)門打開。當(dang)然也(ye)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)保(bao)險柜(ju)沒(mei)有(you)(you)這(zhe)一措施，就可以利用(yong)此方(fang)法(fa)開啟(qi)保(bao)險柜(ju)，事(shi)前要了(le)解清楚，有(you)(you)百(bai)分之百(bai)的(de)(de)把握時才可以使(shi)用(yong)此方(fang)法(fa)，以免將刻度(du)盤拔(ba)出(chu)(chu)后，不但不能馬(ma)上打開柜(ju)門，相反增加許多麻煩。

密碼鎖的開啟方法——切的方法

以(yi)后(hou)講述的方法，都是以(yi)100個號碼為例(li)，并且在保險(xian)鎖已經開啟(qi)的前提下進行(xing)。

所謂切的方法，就(jiu)是(shi)搬動把(ba)手讓聯動裝置(zhi)的平舌試圖插進輪片盤缺口的同時，用手轉動刻度盤，通過產(chan)生的現象和(he)手感，分(fen)析、判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)開啟密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，然(ran)后(hou)對好密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)，將保險柜打(da)開。但是(shi)如何(he)知道我們(men)所判(pan)(pan)斷(duan)的密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)是(shi)第幾片的密(mi)碼(ma)(ma)呢？

前面在密(mi)碼(ma)鎖(suo)操作原(yuan)(yuan)理中(zhong)已經講過：死(si)片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈可(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈可(ke)以(yi)(yi)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)右(you)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)時要向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)刻度(du)盤(pan)，第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)都不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，只有第(di)(di)三片(pian)(pian)(pian)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；對(dui)字盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈時，才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)二(er)片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，再(zai)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)圈才能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)第(di)(di)一(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。根據這(zhe)個原(yuan)(yuan)理就可(ke)以(yi)(yi)判斷出切出的密(mi)碼(ma)是(shi)第(di)(di)幾片(pian)(pian)(pian)的密(mi)碼(ma)。

如果將對字盤手柄向右連續轉動三圈以上，使各帶片釘接觸后，左手向開啟方向轉動開門把柄（或者鑰匙）的同時，右手繼續向右轉動對字盤手柄，當轉動一定角度時，鎖閂會有落槽的感覺（會聽到聲響，開門把柄會有所轉動）。這時向左轉動對字盤手柄，如果僅能轉動幾個刻度格，說明切出的號碼是死片的號碼；若能轉動近一圈，說明切出的是第二片號碼；若能轉動近兩圈，說明切出的是第一片號碼。判斷的理由很難用文字表達清楚，最好是在保險柜上實際操作(zuo)一下(xia)，理解其中奧秘。