【收(shou)割機配(pei)件如何更換維修】玉米收(shou)割機主要配(pei)件的更換及檢修方法(fa)

玉米收割機是針對(dui)新(xin)(xin)型能源開發和減輕(qing)農(nong)(nong)民朋友勞動強度而(er)研究(jiu)開發的一種新(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)機械(xie)，在當代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產中應用越(yue)來越(yue)廣泛，玉(yu)(yu)米收(shou)割機在經歷了長期(qi)的田間作業(ye)，加(jia)上機器(qi)保養情況(kuang)的好壞(huai)與操作人員技(ji)術熟練程度的不同(tong)等因(yin)素的影響，機器(qi)難免會出現一些故(gu)障，其中就包括(kuo)機器(qi)配(pei)件(jian)的損壞(huai)。這就要求機手及時發現，隨時修復更換(huan)配(pei)件(jian)。下(xia)面講解一下(xia)玉(yu)(yu)米收(shou)割機主要配(pei)件(jian)的更換(huan)及檢修方法。

該圖片由注冊用戶"異想天開"提供，版權聲明反饋

一、動刀片的更換

更換動(dong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)前(qian)，應(ying)(ying)先(xian)拆(chai)下刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)桿與搖臂焊(han)合(he)上(shang)球(qiu)頭(tou)銷的鎖緊螺母，使球(qiu)頭(tou)與搖臂焊(han)合(he)分開，拆(chai)下壓刃器，拆(chai)下刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)桿壓板(ban)，將(jiang)(jiang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)籽抽出(chu)。用(yong)鏨子先(xian)剔去需更換的刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)，再鉚(liu)上(shang)新刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)。鉚(liu)接時，應(ying)(ying)注意將(jiang)(jiang)整個(ge)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)桿墊平，把鉚(liu)釘(ding)頭(tou)頂在(zai)(zai)鉚(liu)釘(ding)底模上(shang)，然后用(yong)錘子把鉚(liu)釘(ding)鐓(dui)粗，將(jiang)(jiang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)鉚(liu)緊，再用(yong)鉚(liu)釘(ding)沖(chong)打出(chu)鉚(liu)釘(ding)頭(tou)圓帽(mao)。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)锪接后應(ying)(ying)檢查刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)桿是否變形。如發現個(ge)別鉚(liu)釘(ding)松(song)(song)動(dong)，一般可在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)米收割機的割臺上(shang)直接鉚(liu)固，將(jiang)(jiang)需鉚(liu)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)移到兩定刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)之間，在(zai)(zai)松(song)(song)動(dong)的鉚(liu)釘(ding)下墊上(shang)墊鐵，再用(yong)鉚(liu)釘(ding)沖(chong)把鉚(liu)釘(ding)重新鉚(liu)緊。必要時剔去松(song)(song)動(dong)鉚(liu)釘(ding)，換上(shang)新鉚(liu)釘(ding)后鉚(liu)緊動(dong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)。

二、定刀片的更換

更(geng)換定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)時，先拆下(xia)護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)方(fang)頸螺(luo)栓，拆下(xia)護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)，用鏨子剔去報廢刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，再鉚上(shang)新刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。鉚接(jie)中應(ying)注意釘頭應(ying)低于(yu)定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)。如果(guo)護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)變形或(huo)損壞，則換上(shang)鉚有定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)新護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)。定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)或(huo)護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)在更(geng)換以(yi)后(hou)，要進行檢查。要求所有定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)在同一(yi)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)內(nei)，其偏差不(bu)超過(guo)0.5毫(hao)米。調整(zheng)方(fang)法：在左右兩端的(de)(de)護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)之間，拉緊一(yi)根細(xi)線，細(xi)線放在每個定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)。如果(guo)其中某(mou)定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)與細(xi)線偏移太大，則拆下(xia)該(gai)定(ding)(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)所在護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)方(fang)頸螺(luo)栓，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)工(gong)作面(mian)(mian)(mian)向下(xia)偏移，應(ying)抽去護(hu)刃(ren)(ren)(ren)器(qi)(qi)與切割器(qi)(qi)梁之間的(de)(de)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(或(huo)以(yi)薄墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)換厚墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian))。反之則調整(zheng)方(fang)法相反。

三、刀桿的校正

⑴刀(dao)桿彎曲(qu)時(shi)校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)：刀(dao)桿彎曲(qu)時(shi)，可(ke)用木錘(chui)敲(qiao)擊校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)。先校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)最彎處，注意(yi)不可(ke)用鐵錘(chui)直接校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)刀(dao)籽，不能在刀(dao)桿上留(liu)下凹陷、毛刺和改變(bian)刀(dao)桿斷面形狀。

⑵刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)曲(qu)(qu)的校正(zheng)(zheng)：將刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)沒扭(niu)(niu)(niu)曲(qu)(qu)的部(bu)位(wei)固定(ding)在虎鉗(qian)上，用大(da)活動板手夾住(zhu)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)曲(qu)(qu)部(bu)位(wei)，緩慢地用力(li)，將刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)曲(qu)(qu)的反(fan)方向(xiang)扳(ban)轉直到(dao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)子直為止(zhi)。校正(zheng)(zheng)時，扳(ban)手夾持刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)的位(wei)置盡可能(neng)靠(kao)近(jin)虎鉗(qian)，避免校正(zheng)(zheng)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)曲(qu)(qu)時引起刀(dao)(dao)(dao)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)。

⑶刀(dao)桿(gan)斷(duan)(duan)裂后應更換(huan)：因(yin)為刀(dao)桿(gan)撕裂的(de)(de)修復(fu)(fu)工(gong)藝較復(fu)(fu)雜，而且修復(fu)(fu)后的(de)(de)刀(dao)桿(gan)很難保證其(qi)平直(zhi)度及(ji)有關動刀(dao)片間的(de)(de)距離，如果使用斷(duan)(duan)裂的(de)(de)修復(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)刀(dao)桿(gan)，常會加劇相鄰零(ling)部件的(de)(de)損壞(huai)和產生卡滯現象。

四、螺旋葉片的修復

玉米(mi)收獲機割臺攪龍(long)和出谷攪龍(long)都是(shi)(shi)螺(luo)旋輸送結構(gou)，螺(luo)旋葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)的(de)損壞形(xing)式通(tong)常是(shi)(shi)皺折、脫焊(han)和邊緣磨(mo)損。葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)皺折變(bian)形(xing)時(shi)，可在(zai)其一(yi)邊墊上枕(zhen)木，另一(yi)邊用(yong)錘子錘，葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)邊緣磨(mo)損不嚴重的(de)可暫不修，磨(mo)損嚴重的(de)應新做葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)用(yong)氣焊(han)焊(han)牢，脫焊(han)部件用(yong)氣焊(han)焊(han)補，在(zai)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)易變(bian)形(xing)處，可在(zai)適當位(wei)置添加強筋(jin)。

五、脫粒滾筒修復后的平衡校正

用戶一(yi)般(ban)是對(dui)脫(tuo)粒(li)釘(ding)齒(chi)進(jin)行修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)，脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)其(qi)它部(bu)分的(de)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)應送修(xiu)理廠進(jin)行。脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)釘(ding)齒(chi)的(de)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)可根(gen)據(ju)釘(ding)齒(chi)的(de)損壞情況，采用個別釘(ding)齒(chi)或(huo)整根(gen)脫(tuo)粒(li)齒(chi)樣蔓新。由于脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)直(zhi)徑大(da)、轉速(su)高，在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)后如(ru)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，運(yun)轉時將產(chan)生(sheng)很大(da)的(de)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，因(yin)此脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)后必須進(jin)行平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)試驗(yan)(yan)。經修(xiu)理后的(de)脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)如(ru)果沒有進(jin)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)試驗(yan)(yan)，必須進(jin)行靜(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)試驗(yan)(yan)，否(fou)則不能安裝使用。靜(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)簡(jian)易方(fang)法(fa)：拆涂(tu)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)與其(qi)他(ta)部(bu)件的(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶，輕輕轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，如(ru)果滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)轉速(su)降低(di)并停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)前無(wu)反轉現象，滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)任一(yi)部(bu)位均(jun)能在(zai)(zai)最上方(fang)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)，說明滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)重(zhong)量得到了平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)分配，滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)基本平(ping)(ping)(ping)穩；如(ru)果滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)靜(jing)止(zhi)前要正(zheng)、反轉反復(fu)(fu)幾次，且(qie)(qie)經2-3次停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，都是同一(yi)根(gen)脫(tuo)粒(li)齒(chi)桿(gan)(gan)處于上方(fang)，說明該(gai)脫(tuo)粒(li)齒(chi)桿(gan)(gan)相對(dui)較輕，應在(zai)(zai)該(gai)齒(chi)桿(gan)(gan)上加(jia)一(yi)些墊片或(huo)螺(luo)母，且(qie)(qie)所(suo)加(jia)重(zhong)量盡可能均(jun)衡(heng)分配在(zai)(zai)整根(gen)齒(chi)桿(gan)(gan)上，反復(fu)(fu)幾次校正(zheng)，直(zhi)至脫(tuo)粒(li)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)停(ting)(ting)止(zhi)時的(de)情況符合平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)校正(zheng)要求。

六、軸頸磨損的修復

小型玉米收割機各傳動軸的(de)軸頸，使用較長時間后，常出(chu)現較大(da)的(de)磨損或鍵槽損壞，常用表面焊補法修復。

修復方法：

⑴拆下需修的軸(zhou)，有條(tiao)件最好將需焊補的軸(zhou)頸車圓，以使焊層(ceng)厚度均(jun)勻。

⑵用振動(dong)堆(dui)焊最(zui)好，振動(dong)堆(dui)焊焊層(ceng)均勻(yun)細密，焊后變形小、硬度高。焊補后的軸頸，一(yi)般應比原來需要(yao)的尺寸(cun)大5.8毫米，以(yi)備機械加工。

⑶焊補后的(de)軸如有變(bian)形(xing)，應(ying)(ying)先(xian)校(xiao)正(zheng)，再車削(xue)加工。若軸頸雖有彎(wan)曲但焊層余量較(jiao)大，只需(xu)修整轱端酌中心孔，就(jiu)可(ke)進行車削(xue)加工，恢復應(ying)(ying)有的(de)配合性質。

⑷有鍵槽的應(ying)用(yong)銑(xian)床加(jia)工出(chu)鍵槽，也可以手工加(jia)工。