什么是(shi)免耕播種機以及優(you)點？

隨著農業(ye)機(ji)械(xie)化的(de)進(jin)程，越來越多(duo)的(de)農業(ye)機(ji)械(xie)不(bu)斷亮相(xiang)，而玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)就是(shi)其(qi)中之一(yi)。玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)出現(xian)(xian)其(qi)實有一(yi)段時日了，只(zhi)是(shi)還沒有得(de)到廣泛推廣。什么是(shi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前不(bu)單(dan)獨(du)進(jin)行土(tu)壤耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)直接(jie)在(zai)茬(cha)地上播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，作(zuo)物生長(chang)期不(bu)進(jin)行土(tu)壤管(guan)理的(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)方法。用(yong)(yong)聯合作(zuo)業(ye)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)一(yi)次(ci)完(wan)成切茬(cha)、開(kai)溝(gou)、噴藥除(chu)草、播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆土(tu)多(duo)道(dao)工序。廣義免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)包括少(shao)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(少(shao))耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技術在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)史上出現(xian)(xian)較早。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)市場調研(yan)報告顯示，20世紀(ji)40年代，美(mei)國(guo)(guo)進(jin)行了少(shao)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)研(yan)究，發現(xian)(xian)殘(can)茬(cha)覆蓋有保護土(tu)壤的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。除(chu)草劑和玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)研(yan)制(zhi)成功，為(wei)免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提供了可能，并因(yin)能源緊(jin)張(zhang)，使免(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)技術得(de)以發展。美(mei)國(guo)(guo)60年代開(kai)始(shi)應用(yong)(yong)于玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高粱、大豆(dou)和煙草等作(zuo)物生產。以后(hou)逐漸(jian)為(wei)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)所重視(shi)和采用(yong)(yong)。

玉米免耕播種優點：

1、免耕直播省去了耕地作(zuo)業，節省了作(zuo)業費，播種期(qi)提(ti)前，比常規(gui)平(ping)播提(ti)前1～2d。若遇陰雨天，免耕更會(hui)體現爭時的增產效(xiao)應。

2、免耕地(di)塊(kuai)蓄水保墑(di)能(neng)力(li)強。由于地(di)表有秸(jie)稈覆(fu)蓋(gai)，土壤(rang)的水、肥(fei)、氣、熱(re)可協調(diao)供給，干旱時(shi)土壤(rang)不易裂縫，雨后不易積水。與翻耕的比玉米(mi)生長(chang)快，苗情好。另外，肥(fei)料不易流失(shi)，產量也相應提高。

3、玉米抗倒(dao)伏性好。免耕(geng)玉米表層根量(liang)多，主根發達(da)，加(jia)之(zhi)原有土體結(jie)構未受到(dao)破(po)壞(huai)，玉米根系與(yu)土壤(rang)固結(jie)能(neng)(neng)力(li)強，所以玉米抗倒(dao)伏能(neng)(neng)力(li)強。

4、播種機(ji)市場(chang)調研得(de)知，玉(yu)米(mi)免耕播種機(ji)麥秸還田增(zeng)加(jia)了土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質含量，提高(gao)了土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥力，改善了土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)結構。經測算，玉(yu)米(mi)免耕地塊比(bi)翻耕地塊增(zeng)收玉(yu)米(mi)765kg/hm2，同時可(ke)減(jian)少耕地作業費(fei)105元(yuan)/hm2，間(jian)苗費(fei)60元(yuan)/hm2，玉(yu)米(mi)生(sheng)育(yu)期間(jian)減(jian)少1次(ci)澆水，節水節油(you)75元(yuan)/hm2。