什么是(shi)免耕(geng)播(bo)種機以(yi)及優點？

隨著農(nong)業機(ji)械化的(de)進程，越來越多的(de)農(nong)業機(ji)械不(bu)斷亮(liang)相，而玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)就是其中(zhong)之一。玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)其實有(you)一段時日了(le)，只是還(huan)沒有(you)得到(dao)廣泛(fan)推廣。什么(me)是免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)不(bu)單(dan)獨進行(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)直接在(zai)茬地上(shang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，作(zuo)物生長(chang)期不(bu)進行(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤管理的(de)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)方法。用聯合作(zuo)業玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)一次完成切茬、開(kai)溝、噴(pen)藥(yao)除(chu)草(cao)、播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)多道工序。廣義免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)包(bao)括少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)。傳統(tong)的(de)免(mian)(少)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)技術在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)史(shi)上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)較早。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)市場調研(yan)報告顯示，20世紀40年(nian)代(dai)，美(mei)國(guo)進行(xing)了(le)少耕(geng)(geng)(geng)研(yan)究，發現(xian)殘茬覆(fu)蓋有(you)保(bao)護土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)作(zuo)用。除(chu)草(cao)劑和玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)研(yan)制成功，為免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)供了(le)可能，并(bing)因能源緊(jin)張，使免(mian)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)技術得以(yi)發展。美(mei)國(guo)60年(nian)代(dai)開(kai)始應用于玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)粱、大(da)豆(dou)和煙草(cao)等作(zuo)物生產。以(yi)后逐漸為各國(guo)所重視和采用。

玉米免耕播種優點：

1、免耕(geng)直播省去(qu)了耕(geng)地(di)作業，節省了作業費，播種期提(ti)前(qian)(qian)，比常規(gui)平播提(ti)前(qian)(qian)1～2d。若(ruo)遇陰雨(yu)天，免耕(geng)更會體現爭時的(de)增(zeng)產效應。

2、免(mian)耕(geng)地(di)塊蓄(xu)水保墑能力(li)強(qiang)。由于地(di)表有秸稈覆蓋，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)水、肥(fei)、氣、熱可協調(diao)供給，干旱時土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)不易裂縫，雨后(hou)不易積水。與翻耕(geng)的(de)比玉米(mi)生長(chang)快，苗情好。另(ling)外，肥(fei)料不易流失，產量也相應提高。

3、玉米(mi)抗倒(dao)(dao)伏性(xing)好。免耕玉米(mi)表(biao)層根(gen)量(liang)多，主根(gen)發達，加之(zhi)原有土體(ti)結構未受到破壞，玉米(mi)根(gen)系與土壤(rang)固結能(neng)力強，所以玉米(mi)抗倒(dao)(dao)伏能(neng)力強。

4、播(bo)種機市(shi)場調研得知，玉(yu)米(mi)免(mian)耕播(bo)種機麥秸還(huan)田增加了(le)(le)土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量，提高(gao)了(le)(le)土(tu)壤(rang)肥力，改善(shan)了(le)(le)土(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)構。經(jing)測算，玉(yu)米(mi)免(mian)耕地塊(kuai)比翻耕地塊(kuai)增收玉(yu)米(mi)765kg/hm2，同時可減(jian)少耕地作(zuo)業費105元(yuan)/hm2，間(jian)苗費60元(yuan)/hm2，玉(yu)米(mi)生育期間(jian)減(jian)少1次澆水，節水節油75元(yuan)/hm2。