紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)、老(lao)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)、金絲楠木(mu)(mu)古(gu)箏(zheng)的(de)區(qu)別(bie) 紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)古(gu)箏(zheng)的(de)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)標準
紅(hong)木(mu)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)古(gu)箏(zheng)(zheng)是選用(yong)花梨木(mu)制作,老紅(hong)木(mu)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)是使(shi)用(yong)緬甸酸(suan)枝木(mu),金絲楠木(mu)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)選用(yong)千年(nian)古(gu)楠木(mu)制作,這些用(yong)料主要用(yong)在古(gu)箏(zheng)(zheng)箏(zheng)(zheng)頭箏(zheng)(zheng)尾側板邊板上。同(tong)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)古(gu)箏(zheng)(zheng)之間(jian)的差別僅(jin)僅(jin)在于(yu)工藝。
決定古箏音質的主要因素是面板、琴弦,古箏箏頭箏尾側板、邊板起一個聲音反射作用。由于三款材料質地不同,相對來說,紅木類系列古箏音色醇厚、清脆、明亮,適合演奏明快的現代樂曲;金絲楠木類系列古箏韻味足、音色古樸典雅,適合演奏較古典樂曲。
紅木標準
現在我國有一個紅木國家標準。根據這個標準規定,紅木是紫檀屬的紫檀木類、花梨木類,黃檀屬的香枝木類、黑酸枝類、紅酸枝類,柿屬的烏木類、條紋烏木類,鐵刀木屬及崖豆屬的雞翅木類5屬8類33種(zhong)木材的總(zong)稱(cheng)。只要(yao)是這(zhe)8類33種木(mu)材(cai)制(zhi)作的東(dong)西,都可稱(cheng)為紅木(mu)制(zhi)品,比(bi)如家(jia)具、樂器等。一般來說紅木(mu)材(cai)質(zhi)細密(mi),平均導管(管孔)弦向直徑不(bu)大于20微(wei)米。紅(hong)木(mu)(mu)的顏色(se)也不盡相同,其中紫檀(tan)木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)紅(hong)紫色(se),花梨木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)、香枝(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)、紅(hong)酸(suan)枝(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)紅(hong)褐(he)色(se),黑(hei)酸(suan)枝(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)黑(hei)紫色(se),烏(wu)(wu)木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)烏(wu)(wu)黑(hei)色(se),條(tiao)紋(wen)烏(wu)(wu)木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)和雞(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)黑(hei)色(se)。一般認為(wei)紫檀(tan)最為(wei)貴重。
紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質地(di)堅實,木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)較硬,所(suo)以在聲音反射方面會有一定的(de)優勢。不過要提醒大家的(de)是(shi),所(suo)謂紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)古箏(zheng)只(zhi)是(shi)側板(ban)(ban)用紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu),面板(ban)(ban)和底板(ban)(ban)絕對不可能是(shi)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu),而多是(shi)梧(wu)桐木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)。
最后還(huan)要(yao)提(ti)醒大家(jia)的(de)(de)是(shi),很多(duo)打著(zhu)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)招牌的(de)(de)古箏(zheng),其實只是(shi)在(zai)側(ce)板使(shi)用(yong)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)貼(tie)層(ceng)板材(cai)(cai),而非紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板材(cai)(cai)。什(shen)(shen)么(me)是(shi)貼(tie)層(ceng)呢,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)制品工藝,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)把(ba)一(yi)些名貴稀有(you)的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)用(yong)特殊的(de)(de)車床切成一(yi)片片紙一(yi)樣(yang)薄(bo)的(de)(de)“木(mu)(mu)(mu)紙”,然(ran)后將這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)“木(mu)(mu)(mu)紙”貼(tie)在(zai)便(bian)(bian)宜(yi)的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板外(wai)面(mian),這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai),便(bian)(bian)宜(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板就(jiu)(jiu)翻身變(bian)樣(yang),變(bian)成高級木(mu)(mu)(mu)板了(le)(le)(le)。外(wai)行(xing)(xing)單憑眼睛看(kan),是(shi)看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)板材(cai)(cai)真(zhen)假的(de)(de)。等這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)李鬼紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)到了(le)(le)(le)古箏(zheng)上面(mian),外(wai)面(mian)還(huan)要(yao)刷(shua)漆(qi)繪畫或者(zhe)粘(zhan)上浮雕,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)來(lai)行(xing)(xing)家(jia)都(dou)難(nan)辨(bian)真(zhen)偽。為(wei)什(shen)(shen)么(me)我(wo)總是(shi)讓大家(jia)去找自(zi)己(ji)(ji)老師幫著(zhu)買(mai)(mai)古箏(zheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)提(ti)倡自(zi)己(ji)(ji)跑(pao)去琴行(xing)(xing),原因就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)了(le)(le)(le)。樂器制作、買(mai)(mai)賣里(li)面(mian)的(de)(de)東西(xi)太(tai)復雜(za),隨隨便(bian)(bian)便(bian)(bian)拿出一(yi)樣(yang)來(lai)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)讓初學者(zhe)打眼。有(you)些箏(zheng)友在(zai)網上東看(kan)西(xi)看(kan),左問(wen)右問(wen),混個三(san)五天就(jiu)(jiu)覺得(de)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)火眼金(jin)睛了(le)(le)(le),然(ran)后便(bian)(bian)信心(xin)(xin)十足地(di)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)跑(pao)去買(mai)(mai)古箏(zheng)。其實商(shang)人最喜歡就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)半瓶子(zi)醋的(de)(de)買(mai)(mai)家(jia),因為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)人最好唬。即使(shi)是(shi)心(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)黑的(de)(de)商(shang)人,遇到這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)半瓶子(zi)買(mai)(mai)家(jia)也要(yao)舉刀了(le)(le)(le)。咱(zan)們就(jiu)(jiu)拿紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)箏(zheng)為(wei)例(li),全紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)貼(tie)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)外(wai)表可(ke)以說完全一(yi)樣(yang),價格(ge)差的(de)(de)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)一(yi)點半點。外(wai)行(xing)(xing)或者(zhe)半瓶子(zi)醋去了(le)(le)(le),一(yi)準把(ba)貼(tie)紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)當全紅(hong)(hong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)抱(bao)回來(lai)。等到過幾年樂器裂(lie)了(le)(le)(le)露出白茬可(ke)能(neng)才知(zhi)道(dao)怎(zen)么(me)回事,不(bu)(bu)(bu)過知(zhi)道(dao)也晚(wan)了(le)(le)(le)。