一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能(neng)的重要性能(neng)指標之一(yi)，它(ta)表示干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在一(yi)定(ding)狀態下電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩端的電(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)般干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓有三種(zhong)：

1、標準電壓

又稱(cheng)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓，指電(dian)(dian)池正負(fu)極材料因(yin)化學反應而(er)造成的(de)電(dian)(dian)位差，由此產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)。干電(dian)(dian)池的(de)標準電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)1.5V。

普通干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)的化(hua)學電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)反應的激烈(lie)程度(du)只能達到使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發揮出約1.5V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓水(shui)平。這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓跟化(hua)學離子化(hua)傾向有關，也(ye)就是說跟陰極和陽極材料有關，鋅跟碳棒在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)中產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)就是大約1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在非工作狀(zhuang)態(tai)下即電(dian)(dian)路中無電(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)負極之間的電(dian)(dian)勢差(cha)。干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)滿電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)的開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)下，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部時(shi)，需克(ke)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的內阻所造成阻力，故工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)總是低于開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)則與(yu)之相反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一(yi)個適當的負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻并聯在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量存在(zai)(zai)某種已知關系，所以(yi)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的容量及用途(tu),再測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)帶負(fu)(fu)荷時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空(kong)載(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)下(xia)降(jiang)程度，就可以(yi)判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量；不過前提條件是不施加(jia)任(ren)何負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的情況下(xia)，加(jia)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會(hui)因(yin)為內部阻抗(kang)引起壓(ya)降(jiang)失真，并隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的推移以(yi)不同速率逐漸降(jiang)低(di)，并且在(zai)(zai)去除負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)后逐漸升高(gao)。因(yin)此如果施加(jia)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的話，會(hui)影(ying)響干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的檢測結果。

萬(wan)用表也可以準確測量(liang)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，通過測量(liang)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的高低，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進(jin)行判斷(duan)，如果測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)小于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時，說(shuo)明(ming)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)充(chong)足的；小于干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)多(duo)，說(shuo)明(ming)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多(duo)，由于型號的不(bu)同干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的檢測結果會受到(dao)影響，但是(shi)對單(dan)節干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說(shuo)，只要使(shi)用是(shi)普通指針式(shi)萬(wan)能表，將(jiang)萬(wan)能表選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負表筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負極(ji)，正(zheng)表筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)上迅速碰一(yi)下，注(zhu)意(yi)觀察表針運動（短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況(kuang)，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還(huan)剩多(duo)少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓會隨(sui)著(zhu)使用(yong)時間的(de)(de)增加(jia)不(bu)斷下降(jiang)，下降(jiang)到一定程度就不(bu)能(neng)用(yong)了，一般情況下，干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就可以視為干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)即將沒電(dian)(dian)，這時的(de)(de)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經不(bu)能(neng)滿足大部分電(dian)(dian)子設備的(de)(de)工作需(xu)求(qiu)，需(xu)要更換干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。