一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是干電(dian)(dian)池性能的(de)重要性能指標之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，它表(biao)示干電(dian)(dian)池在一(yi)(yi)定狀態(tai)下電(dian)(dian)池兩(liang)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢差，一(yi)(yi)般干電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有三種(zhong)：

1、標準電壓

又稱額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，指電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正負極(ji)材料因(yin)化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)而造成的電(dian)(dian)位差，由(you)此產(chan)生的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值。干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的標準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為1.5V。

普通干電(dian)(dian)池內部(bu)的(de)化學電(dian)(dian)解液反應的(de)激烈程(cheng)度只(zhi)能達到使電(dian)(dian)池發揮出約1.5V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓水平。這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓跟(gen)(gen)化學離子化傾向有關(guan)，也就是說跟(gen)(gen)陰極(ji)和陽極(ji)材料(liao)有關(guan)，鋅(xin)跟(gen)(gen)碳棒在電(dian)(dian)解液中產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)勢就是大約1.5伏特。

2、開路電壓

指電池在非工作狀(zhuang)態下(xia)即電路中無電流流過(guo)時(shi)，電池正負極之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電勢(shi)差。干電池滿電時(shi)的(de)(de)開路電壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在工作(zuo)狀態下即(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正負極之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)狀態下，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部時(shi)，需克服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)內阻所(suo)造成阻力，故工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓總是低于開(kai)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)則(ze)與之相反(fan)。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)阻并(bing)聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正負(fu)極(ji)間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓跟(gen)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)存(cun)在(zai)某種已(yi)知關系，所以根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)及用途,再測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)阻兩端電(dian)(dian)壓，看(kan)此時電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)帶負(fu)荷時電(dian)(dian)壓較空(kong)載時下降(jiang)程度，就可以判斷電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)；不過前提(ti)條件是不施加(jia)任(ren)何負(fu)載的(de)(de)情況下，加(jia)負(fu)載后，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓會(hui)(hui)因(yin)為內(nei)部阻抗(kang)引起壓降(jiang)失真，并(bing)隨時間(jian)的(de)(de)推移以不同速率逐漸降(jiang)低，并(bing)且在(zai)去(qu)除負(fu)載后逐漸升(sheng)高。因(yin)此如(ru)果施加(jia)負(fu)載的(de)(de)話，會(hui)(hui)影響(xiang)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)檢(jian)測結果。

萬用(yong)表也可以準確(que)測(ce)量(liang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，通過測(ce)量(liang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)高低，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進行判(pan)斷，如果測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)不小于干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，說明(ming)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是充足的(de)；小于干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)標注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)多(duo)，說明(ming)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多(duo)，由于型號(hao)的(de)不同干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)檢(jian)測(ce)結果會(hui)受到影響，但是對(dui)單節干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)來說，只(zhi)要使(shi)用(yong)是普(pu)通指針(zhen)式萬能表，將萬能表選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流檔（0.5A-1A），負(fu)表筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)負(fu)極，正表筆在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正極上迅速碰一下，注意觀察表針(zhen)運動（短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）情況，便(bian)知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)還剩多(duo)少(shao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會隨著使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)間的增加不斷下降(jiang)，下降(jiang)到一定(ding)程度就(jiu)不能(neng)用(yong)了，一般情況下，干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)至1.0V ~ 1.2V時(shi)，就(jiu)可以視為干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)即(ji)將(jiang)沒電(dian)(dian)，這時(shi)的干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)已經不能(neng)滿足(zu)大部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設備的工(gong)作(zuo)需求，需要更換干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。