一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別
干電池按照電解質性質不同,可分為堿性和碳性兩種,它們雖然都是干電池,但在(zai)很(hen)多方面有所(suo)不同(tong),堿性干電池(chi)和碳性干電池(chi)的(de)區別主要有:
1、結構原理不同
碳(tan)性干(gan)電池和堿性干(gan)電池的結構和原理都是(shi)(shi)基于(yu)鋅-錳(meng)體(ti)系,但是(shi)(shi)有一些不(bu)同(tong)之處。碳(tan)性干(gan)電池的正極(ji)是(shi)(shi)由(you)二氧化錳(meng)和石墨組成的炭棒,負極(ji)是(shi)(shi)由(you)鋅皮制成的外殼,電解質是(shi)(shi)含有氯化銨和氯化鋅的水溶液。
堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)極是由二氧化錳和碳粉(fen)組成的(de)(de)環形極片,負極是由鋅粉(fen)和添加劑制(zhi)成的(de)(de)鋅膏,電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質是含(han)有氫氧化鉀(jia)的(de)(de)水溶液。碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)反應(ying)都是鋅和二氧化錳在電(dian)(dian)解(jie)質中發生(sheng)氧化還原反應(ying),產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)壓。
2、電池容量不同
碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)都是1.5伏,但是它(ta)們的(de)容量卻有很大的(de)差(cha)別,堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量是碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)4-7倍,這意味(wei)著堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)以持續使用的(de)時(shi)間更長,或(huo)者可(ke)以為更大功率的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容量會隨(sui)著放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)增加而減小,但是仍(reng)然(ran)高(gao)于碳性(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
3、重量不同
由于堿性(xing)干電池的(de)內部材料(liao)和結構比碳性(xing)干電池更復雜,堿性(xing)干電池的(de)重量一(yi)般比碳性(xing)干電池重。
4、價格不同
堿性干(gan)電池的價(jia)格也比(bi)碳(tan)性干(gan)電池高,一(yi)般(ban)是碳(tan)性干(gan)電池的1.5-2倍(bei),不過堿性干(gan)電池的使用壽命通常(chang)要更長一(yi)些,性價(jia)比(bi)還是比(bi)較高的。
5、適用范圍不同
碳(tan)性干電池適合用于(yu)低(di)電流和低(di)功率的(de)電器,如手電筒、收音機、遙控器、鐘(zhong)表等。這些(xie)電器的(de)特點(dian)是用電量(liang)小,對電池的(de)性能要求不高,使用碳(tan)性干電池可以滿(man)足(zu)基(ji)本的(de)需求。
堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)適合用于高電(dian)(dian)流和高功率(lv)的(de)電(dian)(dian)器,如(ru)數碼相機、閃光燈、電(dian)(dian)動玩具(ju)、剃須刀(dao)、無線鼠標等。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)器的(de)特點是用電(dian)(dian)量大,對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)性(xing)能要求高,使用堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以保證電(dian)(dian)器的(de)正常工作和良好(hao)的(de)性(xing)能。
6、保質期和自放電不同
保質期是指(zhi)電(dian)池在(zai)未使用(yong)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia),能夠保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)和性能的(de)(de)時間。自放(fang)電(dian)是指(zhi)電(dian)池在(zai)未使用(yong)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia),由于內部化(hua)學(xue)反應而逐(zhu)漸損失電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)現象(xiang)。
一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來說,堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)要(yao)遠遠超過碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)。碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)1-2年,而(er)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)5-10年,甚(shen)至更長。堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)也比碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)低,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)每年2-3%,而(er)碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)每年10-15%。這意味著堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以更長時間地保(bao)(bao)存(cun)和(he)使用,不(bu)會因為(wei)(wei)時間過長而(er)失(shi)效。
7、環保性不同
碳性干電池中(zhong)含有重金(jin)屬(shu)鎘和(he)水銀(yin),這(zhe)些(xie)物質對人體和(he)環境都有危害(hai),如(ru)果不經過(guo)回收處理,就(jiu)直接丟(diu)棄,會污染土壤(rang)和(he)水源,影響生態平(ping)衡。堿(jian)性干電池中(zhong)不含重金(jin)屬(shu)鎘和(he)水銀(yin),相對來說(shuo)要(yao)環保一些(xie)。
二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好
堿性干(gan)電池(chi)和碳性干(gan)電池(chi)對比起來,在(zai)很多方面都有所區別,不(bu)過并(bing)不(bu)一(yi)定堿性干(gan)電池(chi)就更(geng)好(hao),或者(zhe)碳性干(gan)電池(chi)更(geng)好(hao),要根(gen)據設備功率(lv)需求(qiu)、使用時(shi)間和環(huan)境考慮(lv)選擇:
一般來說,堿性干電(dian)池(chi)通常具有(you)更高(gao)的能量密度和較長的壽命(ming),適合高(gao)耗能設備;而碳性干電(dian)池(chi)價格便宜,適用于低(di)功率(lv)設備。
三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎
堿性干電池和碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)很多(duo)在外表上并沒(mei)有多(duo)大區別,有用戶可能會混用,不(bu)過一般(ban)這兩種(zhong)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)不(bu)建議共用的。
由(you)于堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的正極、負極及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)均不(bu)同(tong),因(yin)此他們的操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)都有所不(bu)同(tong),一般(ban)(ban)來說,堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的容量(liang)是(shi)碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的五到六倍(bei),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流也(ye)比碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要大,混(hun)用的話(hua)可能影(ying)響供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);而且碳性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)更早用完,頻繁更換也(ye)麻煩(fan),因(yin)此一般(ban)(ban)建(jian)議不(bu)要混(hun)用。