一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別

干電池按照電解質性質不同，可分為堿性和碳性兩種，它們雖然都是干電池，但在很(hen)多方面有(you)所不同，堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)和碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)區別主要有(you)：

1、結構原理不同

碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池和(he)(he)堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池的(de)(de)結構(gou)和(he)(he)原(yuan)理都是(shi)基于鋅-錳(meng)體系，但是(shi)有一些(xie)不(bu)同之處。碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池的(de)(de)正極是(shi)由二氧(yang)化錳(meng)和(he)(he)石墨組成的(de)(de)炭棒，負極是(shi)由鋅皮制成的(de)(de)外殼(ke)，電(dian)解(jie)質是(shi)含有氯(lv)化銨和(he)(he)氯(lv)化鋅的(de)(de)水(shui)溶液。

堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池的正極是(shi)(shi)由二(er)氧化錳和(he)(he)碳(tan)粉組(zu)成(cheng)的環形(xing)極片，負極是(shi)(shi)由鋅粉和(he)(he)添加劑制成(cheng)的鋅膏，電(dian)解質是(shi)(shi)含有氫(qing)氧化鉀的水溶液(ye)。碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池和(he)(he)堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)池的放電(dian)反應都是(shi)(shi)鋅和(he)(he)二(er)氧化錳在電(dian)解質中發生氧化還原反應，產生電(dian)流和(he)(he)電(dian)壓。

2、電池容量不同

碳性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和堿(jian)性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都是(shi)1.5伏，但(dan)是(shi)它們的(de)容(rong)量卻有很(hen)大的(de)差別，堿(jian)性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量是(shi)碳性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)4-7倍(bei)，這意(yi)味著(zhu)堿(jian)性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以持續(xu)使用的(de)時間更長，或者可以為更大功(gong)率的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿(jian)性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量會隨著(zhu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)增(zeng)加而減(jian)小，但(dan)是(shi)仍然高于(yu)碳性干(gan)(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

3、重量不同

由于堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的內部材料和結(jie)構比碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池更(geng)復雜，堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的重量一般比碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池重。

4、價格不同

堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電池(chi)的(de)價格也(ye)比碳性(xing)干(gan)電池(chi)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)碳性(xing)干(gan)電池(chi)的(de)1.5-2倍，不過堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電池(chi)的(de)使用壽命通常要更長一(yi)些(xie)，性(xing)價比還(huan)是(shi)比較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)。

5、適用范圍不同

碳性干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池適合(he)用于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和低功率的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，如(ru)手電(dian)(dian)(dian)筒、收(shou)音機、遙控器(qi)、鐘表等。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的特(te)點(dian)是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)小，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的性能(neng)要求不(bu)高，使用碳性干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以滿足(zu)基(ji)本(ben)的需求。

堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電池適(shi)合用(yong)于高(gao)電流和高(gao)功率的(de)電器，如數碼相(xiang)機、閃(shan)光燈、電動玩(wan)具(ju)、剃須刀、無(wu)線(xian)鼠標等。這(zhe)些電器的(de)特點(dian)是(shi)用(yong)電量大，對(dui)電池的(de)性(xing)能要求高(gao)，使用(yong)堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電池可(ke)以(yi)保證(zheng)電器的(de)正常工作和良(liang)好的(de)性(xing)能。

6、保質期和自放電不同

保(bao)質期是指電(dian)(dian)池在未使用的情況下，能夠保(bao)持一(yi)定的電(dian)(dian)量和性能的時間。自放電(dian)(dian)是指電(dian)(dian)池在未使用的情況下，由于內部(bu)化學反應而逐漸損失(shi)電(dian)(dian)量的現象。

一(yi)般來說，堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期要遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超過碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期。碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期一(yi)般為1-2年，而(er)(er)堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)質(zhi)期一(yi)般為5-10年，甚至(zhi)更長。堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也比碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)低，一(yi)般為每年2-3%，而(er)(er)碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般為每年10-15%。這意味著堿性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以(yi)更長時間地保(bao)(bao)存和(he)使用，不會因(yin)為時間過長而(er)(er)失效。

7、環保性不同

碳(tan)性干電池中(zhong)含(han)有重金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鎘和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)銀，這些(xie)物質(zhi)對人體和(he)(he)環(huan)境都(dou)有危害，如果不經過回收處理，就直接丟棄(qi)，會污染土(tu)壤和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)源，影響生態(tai)平衡。堿性干電池中(zhong)不含(han)重金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)鎘和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)銀，相(xiang)對來說要環(huan)保一些(xie)。

二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好

堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池和碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池對比起來，在很多方面都有(you)所區別，不(bu)過并不(bu)一定堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池就更好(hao)，或者碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)池更好(hao)，要(yao)根據設備功率需求、使用時間和環境考慮選擇：

一般來說，堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電池通(tong)常具有更(geng)高的能量密度和較長的壽命，適合(he)高耗能設備；而碳性(xing)干(gan)電池價格便(bian)宜(yi)，適用于低功率設備。

三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎

堿性干電池和碳性干電池(chi)(chi)很多在外表(biao)上并沒有(you)多大區別，有(you)用戶可能會混用，不過(guo)一般這兩種干電池(chi)(chi)是不建議共用的(de)。

由于堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)正極(ji)、負極(ji)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質均不(bu)同(tong)，因(yin)(yin)此他們(men)的(de)操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)都有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)，一般(ban)來說，堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)是碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)五到六倍，而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也(ye)比碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要(yao)(yao)大，混用的(de)話可(ke)能影(ying)響供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；而(er)且碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會更早用完，頻繁更換也(ye)麻煩，因(yin)(yin)此一般(ban)建議(yi)不(bu)要(yao)(yao)混用。