一、堿性干電池和碳性干電池有什么區別

干電池按照電解質性質不同，可分為堿性和碳性兩種，它們雖然都是干電池，但在很多方面(mian)有(you)所不同，堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池和碳性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)池的區(qu)別(bie)主要有(you)：

1、結構原理不同

碳(tan)性干電(dian)池和堿性干電(dian)池的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)和原理都是基于鋅-錳體系(xi)，但是有(you)一些不同之處(chu)。碳(tan)性干電(dian)池的(de)(de)正極(ji)是由二氧化(hua)錳和石墨組成的(de)(de)炭(tan)棒(bang)，負極(ji)是由鋅皮制(zhi)成的(de)(de)外殼，電(dian)解(jie)質是含有(you)氯化(hua)銨和氯化(hua)鋅的(de)(de)水溶液(ye)。

堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)的(de)(de)正極(ji)是由二氧化(hua)錳(meng)和碳(tan)粉組(zu)成的(de)(de)環(huan)形極(ji)片(pian)，負(fu)極(ji)是由鋅粉和添(tian)加劑(ji)制成的(de)(de)鋅膏，電解質(zhi)是含有氫氧化(hua)鉀的(de)(de)水溶液。碳(tan)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)和堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)(gan)電池(chi)的(de)(de)放電反(fan)(fan)應都是鋅和二氧化(hua)錳(meng)在電解質(zhi)中發生(sheng)氧化(hua)還(huan)原反(fan)(fan)應，產(chan)生(sheng)電流(liu)和電壓。

2、電池容量不同

碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓都是1.5伏，但(dan)是它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)卻有很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差別，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)是碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4-7倍，這意味著堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以(yi)持(chi)續(xu)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間更(geng)長，或者可以(yi)為更(geng)大功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能。堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)會隨(sui)著放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)而(er)減小，但(dan)是仍(reng)然高于碳(tan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

3、重量不同

由于堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)內部(bu)材料和結(jie)構比(bi)碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池更(geng)復雜(za)，堿性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)一(yi)般比(bi)碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池重(zhong)(zhong)。

4、價格不同

堿(jian)性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的價格(ge)也比碳性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)高，一般是(shi)碳性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的1.5-2倍(bei)，不(bu)過(guo)堿(jian)性(xing)干電(dian)池(chi)的使用壽(shou)命通常要更長一些，性(xing)價比還是(shi)比較高的。

5、適用范圍不同

碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)適(shi)合用(yong)(yong)于低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和低功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，如(ru)手(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)筒、收音(yin)機、遙控(kong)器、鐘表(biao)等。這(zhe)些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)特點(dian)是用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量小，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)性(xing)能要求不高，使用(yong)(yong)碳性(xing)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以(yi)滿足基(ji)本的(de)(de)需求。

堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)適合用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)流和(he)高(gao)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)器，如數(shu)碼相機、閃光燈(deng)、電(dian)(dian)動玩(wan)具(ju)、剃須(xu)刀、無線鼠標等。這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)特點是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)量大，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)性(xing)能要求高(gao)，使用(yong)堿(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可以保證電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)正(zheng)常工作和(he)良好的(de)(de)性(xing)能。

6、保質期和自放電不同

保質(zhi)期(qi)是指(zhi)電池在(zai)未使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，能(neng)夠(gou)保持一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)電量和性能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)時間。自放電是指(zhi)電池在(zai)未使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，由于內部化學反應而逐漸損失電量的(de)(de)(de)現象。

一(yi)般(ban)(ban)來(lai)說，堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期要遠遠超過碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期。碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)1-2年(nian)，而堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)保質(zhi)期一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)5-10年(nian)，甚(shen)至更長(chang)。堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)也比碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)低，一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)2-3%，而碳性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)10-15%。這意(yi)味著堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)以更長(chang)時間地(di)保存和使用(yong)，不會因為(wei)時間過長(chang)而失效(xiao)。

7、環保性不同

碳性干電池中含(han)有重金(jin)屬鎘和水銀，這些物質對(dui)人(ren)體和環境(jing)都有危害，如果不經過回(hui)收處理，就直(zhi)接丟棄(qi)，會污染(ran)土(tu)壤和水源，影(ying)響(xiang)生(sheng)態(tai)平衡。堿性干電池中不含(han)重金(jin)屬鎘和水銀，相對(dui)來說(shuo)要環保一(yi)些。

二、堿性干電池和碳性干電池哪個好

堿(jian)性干電(dian)池和(he)碳(tan)性干電(dian)池對(dui)比起來，在(zai)很多方(fang)面都有所區別(bie)，不過并不一(yi)定堿(jian)性干電(dian)池就更好，或(huo)者碳(tan)性干電(dian)池更好，要根(gen)據設備功率(lv)需求、使用時間和(he)環境考慮選擇(ze)：

一般(ban)來說，堿(jian)性干電池通常(chang)具有更高的能(neng)量密(mi)度和(he)較長的壽命，適合高耗能(neng)設備；而碳性干電池價格便(bian)宜，適用于低功率設備。

三、堿性干電池和碳性干電池可以共用嗎

堿性干電池和碳(tan)性(xing)干電池(chi)很多(duo)在外表上并沒有(you)多(duo)大區別，有(you)用戶可能(neng)會混用，不過一(yi)般這(zhe)兩種干電池(chi)是不建議共用的。

由于堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的正極(ji)、負極(ji)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)均(jun)不(bu)同，因此他們的操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和儲(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量都有所不(bu)同，一般(ban)來說，堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的容量是碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的五到六(liu)倍，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)流也比碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)要大，混用(yong)(yong)的話可能影響供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；而且碳(tan)(tan)性(xing)(xing)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會更(geng)早(zao)用(yong)(yong)完，頻(pin)繁更(geng)換(huan)也麻煩，因此一般(ban)建(jian)議不(bu)要混用(yong)(yong)。