一、一次電池是什么意思
一次電池,也叫一次性電池,是指放電(dian)結束后不(bu)能(neng)再(zai)(zai)通(tong)過充(chong)電(dian)使其復(fu)原,再(zai)(zai)度(du)使用的電(dian)池,這種電(dian)池通(tong)常只能(neng)一次性使用,無(wu)法通(tong)過充(chong)電(dian)或其它(ta)方式將原有(you)電(dian)能(neng)補充(chong)回來。
一(yi)次電池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)用完即廢,這一(yi)特性是它的(de)(de)電池(chi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)或電極(ji)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)不可逆性或條件(jian),限制使電池(chi)反(fan)(fan)應(ying)很難(nan)可逆地進行所決(jue)定的(de)(de)。
二、干電池是一次性電池嗎
是的。
干電池(chi)(chi)的(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)氧化還原(yuan)反(fan)應將化學(xue)能轉化為電能,這一(yi)化學(xue)反(fan)應是(shi)不可逆的(de),不能進行充(chong)電和(he)放(fang)電循(xun)環使用(yong)(yong),因此屬于一(yi)次性電池(chi)(chi)。除了(le)干電池(chi)(chi)外,常見的(de)碳鋅(xin)電池(chi)(chi)、堿(jian)性電池(chi)(chi)、水銀電池(chi)(chi)、鋅(xin)空氣電池(chi)(chi)等(deng)都屬于一(yi)次電池(chi)(chi)。
三、一次電池和二次電池的區別
和一次電(dian)(dian)池相對的(de),二次電(dian)(dian)池就是指可(ke)以通(tong)過充電(dian)(dian)或其他方式補充電(dian)(dian)能的(de)電(dian)(dian)池,這兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)區(qu)別主要(yao)有:
1、二(er)次電(dian)池在放電(dian)時電(dian)極體積和結(jie)構之(zhi)間(jian)發生可逆(ni)變化(hua),而一次電(dian)池內部則簡單得(de)多,因為(wei)它不需要調節(jie)這些可逆(ni)性變化(hua)。
2、一(yi)次電(dian)池的(de)質量(liang)比容量(liang)和(he)體積比容量(liang)均(jun)大(da)于普通(tong)充電(dian)電(dian)池,但(dan)內阻遠比二次電(dian)池大(da),因此負載(zai)能(neng)力較低。
3、一次電池的自放電(dian)(dian)遠小于二(er)次電(dian)(dian)池。一次電(dian)(dian)池只能放電(dian)(dian)一次,如,堿性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池和碳性(xing)電(dian)(dian)池就屬于此類,二(er)次電(dian)(dian)池可反復循(xun)環(huan)使用。
4、一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻遠大(da)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),其(qi)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放電(dian)性(xing)能亦不及二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),在小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)、間歇性(xing)放電(dian)的(de)條件下(xia),一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)質量(liang)比容(rong)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)普通二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),但當(dang)放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)于(yu)800mAh,則一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)優勢(shi)就會明(ming)顯減(jian)小。
5、二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)相對一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)環保(bao)。一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)后就必須廢棄(qi),而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)反復使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),符合國家(jia)標準(zhun)的次(ci)世代充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通常可(ke)反復使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)1000次(ci)以上,也(ye)就是(shi)說充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)生的廢棄(qi)物(wu)不到一(yi)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的1000分之1,不論從減少廢棄(qi)物(wu)還是(shi)從資源利用(yong)(yong)及(ji)經濟的角度來(lai)考慮,二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的優越性都是(shi)十分明顯的。