太(tai)空(kong)種(zhong)子(zi)是(shi)把精選(xuan)的(de)作物種(zhong)子(zi)通過(guo)航天飛(fei)行(xing)器搭載到(dao)太(tai)空(kong)，在空(kong)間特(te)殊環境下使種(zhong)子(zi)發生變化(hua)。然后(hou)再到(dao)地(di)面進行(xing)優選(xuan)的(de)育種(zhong)手段(duan)。在空(kong)間站關鍵技術(shu)驗證階段(duan)歷(li)次飛(fei)行(xing)任(ren)務中(zhong)，均安排(pai)了航天育種(zhong)實驗項目(mu)。

從(cong)已公布的載人飛船(chuan)航天育種(zhong)(zhong)實驗項目清單來看，神(shen)舟(zhou)十二號(hao)和神(shen)舟(zhou)十三號(hao)載人飛船(chuan)返回(hui)艙(cang)帶回(hui)88家(jia)(jia)單位(wei)上千件(jian)（份）作物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)、微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌種(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)航天育種(zhong)(zhong)材料。神(shen)舟(zhou)十四號(hao)和神(shen)舟(zhou)十五號(hao)載人飛船(chuan)共(gong)搭載112家(jia)(jia)單位(wei)1300余份作物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)、微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌種(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)航天育種(zhong)(zhong)材料。