【蔬(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)催芽(ya)(ya)】哪些蔬(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)需要催芽(ya)(ya) 蔬(shu)菜(cai)種(zhong)子(zi)電熱毯催芽(ya)(ya)法(fa)
哪些蔬菜種子需要催芽
1、芹菜:先用清水浸泡種子半天或者一天左右,泡完之后再換清水用手搓洗一遍,然后將種皮搓開晾曬,等水份干之后用濕布包好放在陰涼處進行催芽,等到3天左右就可以播種了。
2、西芹:這個(ge)要用48℃的(de)溫(wen)水浸(jin)泡半小時,浸(jin)泡完之后再用(yong)濕紗(sha)布包褒(bao)置于放在15到(dao)20度(du)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)下開始催芽,要記住經常淘洗,等到(dao)一(yi)周至兩周左右(you)后發芽就可以播種了(le)。
3、木(mu)耳萊(落葵):首先在(zai)25℃~30℃溫(wen)水中把種子浸泡(pao)1到(dao)2天,然后在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右溫(wen)度下催(cui)芽(ya),大概一周(zhou)后就可以(yi)播種。
4、菠菜:也是(shi)用清水浸泡一(yi)天或半(ban)天的時間,然后把(ba)種子(zi)晾(liang)于10℃~15℃溫度下進行催(cui)芽(ya),過(guo)幾天等種(zhong)子發芽(ya)后(hou)就可以進行播種(zhong)。
5、萵(wo)苣:萵(wo)苣種子的(de)清(qing)泡時(shi)間相比來說比較少,只需5-10小時。然后將種(zhong)(zhong)子取出放在(zai)5℃左右的低溫(wen)下一(yi)天一(yi)夜,然后攤(tan)在(zai)濕毛(mao)巾(jin)(紗(sha)布)上,上面再蓋(gai)一(yi)層紗(sha)布保濕,注意(yi),這時候(hou)要放在(zai)室內(nei),它屬于見光催芽。等個(ge)一(yi)兩天左右后播種(zhong)(zhong),此(ci)時要保持播種(zhong)(zhong)的土(tu)壤濕潤,以(yi)不蓋(gai)土(tu)出苗為好。
6、芫荽(香(xiang)(xiang)菜(cai)):在播(bo)種(zhong)前先把香(xiang)(xiang)菜(cai)的種(zhong)果搓開,跟上述其他種(zhong)子一樣用清(qing)水泡半(ban)天或一天左右(you),泡完后把種(zhong)子放在20℃~32℃溫度催芽(ya),等到種(zhong)字發芽(ya)后就可以進行播(bo)種(zhong)了。
蔬菜種子電熱毯催芽法
種(zhong)子(zi)催芽(ya)(ya)是(shi)蔬(shu)菜生產的(de)首要(yao)環節(jie),是(shi)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)、栽培上的(de)一項重要(yao)技術措施(shi)。它(ta)不僅可使 種(zhong)子(zi)發芽(ya)(ya)整齊,縮短苗(miao)(miao)齡,而且可以(yi)提(ti)高身苗(miao)(miao)質量,保證幼苗(miao)(miao)健壯生長。筆者多年來對蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)子(zi)進行電熱毯催芽(ya)(ya),收到(dao)了理想的(de)交(jiao)果。現將電熱毯催芽(ya)(ya)的(de)方法介紹如(ru)下(xia),供菜農(nong)學(xue)習應用(yong)參考。
1、 種子消毒
為了提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)活力,促進(jin)發芽,防止因(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)帶菌而(er)造(zao)成(cheng)病蟲(chong)危害,催芽 前應(ying)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)消毒(du)處理,方法主要有熱水燙(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和藥(yao)劑浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。①熱水燙(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):燙(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先用(yong)(yong)清水清洗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),再用(yong)(yong)55-600C的(de)熱水燙(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10-15分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘。注意要邊燙(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)邊攪(jiao)攔以(yi)使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)受熱均勻。②藥(yao)劑浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先用(yong)(yong)清水浸(jin)泡1小時(shi),要用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)液進(jin)行浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),可用(yong)(yong)0.1%-0.35%高錳酸(suan)鉀溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘或(huo)用(yong)(yong)1%硫酸(suan)銅,2%氫氧化鈉溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5-15分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘或(huo)用(yong)(yong)0.2%的(de)50%多菌靈種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)20-30分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘或(huo)0.125甲(jia)霜靈浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘或(huo)用(yong)(yong)0.1%的(de)60%防霉(mei)寶加0.1%平平加溶液浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)60分(fen)(fen)(fen)鐘。以(yi)上(shang)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)消毒(du)方法在達(da)到(dao)規定(ding)時(shi)間后(hou),應(ying)取(qu)出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)進(jin)行清洗、浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、催芽。
2、 清水浸種
浸(jin)種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)應根據蔬菜種(zhong)類而(er)(er)不(bu)同一(yi)般而(er)(er)言番茄、黃瓜、西(xi)葫蘆、菜豆等浸(jin)種(zhong)2小時(shi)(shi)(shi),辣椒(jiao)、茄子浸(jin)種(zhong)4-5小時(shi)(shi)(shi),苦瓜、西(xi)瓜浸(jin)種(zhong)24-36小時(shi)(shi)(shi)。浸(jin)種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可稍加搓洗,以(yi)除去雜質及附(fu)屬(shu)物。
3、 電熱毯(tan)催(cui)芽
先鋪(pu)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯(tan),再將塑(su)料薄(bo)膜(mo)(薄(bo)膜(mo)面積是電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯(tan)面積的2倍以上(shang)(shang))鋪(pu) 在電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯(tan)上(shang)(shang),然后(hou)將毛(mao)巾在清水中搓洗(xi)干凈擰干,平鋪(pu)于薄(bo)膜(mo)表面;將經過處理后(hou)的種(zhong)子瀝干,均勻鋪(pu)在濕(shi)毛(mao)巾上(shang)(shang),折(zhe)疊毛(mao)巾或(huo)用(yong)(yong)其他(ta)濕(shi)毛(mao)巾輕(qing)輕(qing)蓋(gai)于種(zhong)子表南(nan);用(yong)(yong)另一(yi)半薄(bo)膜(mo)折(zhe)疊鋪(pu)在毛(mao)巾上(shang)(shang),薄(bo)膜(mo)上(shang)(shang)再加蓋(gai)毛(mao)巾被、毛(mao)毯(tan)或(huo)毛(mao)草等覆(fu)蓋(gai)物保溫,覆(fu)蓋(gai)完畢后(hou)通電(dian)(dian);每天(tian)早(zao)晚(wan)用(yong)(yong)毛(mao)巾包裹好種(zhong)子進行淘洗(xi),瀝干后(hou)繼續(xu)進行電(dian)(dian)熱(re)毯(tan)催(cui)芽(ya),直至(zhi)種(zhong)子發芽(ya)為止。
4、 適用(yong)范圍
①適用于(yu)菜豆(dou)、豇豆(dou)、西瓜(gua)、苦瓜(gua)、黃(huang)瓜(gua)、茄(qie)子、辣椒、糯玉等種子的催芽(ya);
②適用于大(da)量種子、小(xiao)中型農場、西瓜基地等的(de)催芽、育(yu)苗。
5、 注意事項
①熱水燙種一定要不斷攪攔,以免燙傷、燙死種子;
②進行操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)(shi)要先斷電,完畢后再行通(tong)電;③種子(zi)發芽露白達50%以上時(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)播種。
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