十字花科:蘿(luo)卜(bu)、蕪(wu)(wu)菁、蕪(wu)(wu)菁甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)、芥(jie)(jie)藍(lan)、結(jie)球甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)、抱子(zi)甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)、羽衣甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)、花(hua)椰(ye)菜(cai)、青花(hua)菜(cai)、球莖(jing)甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)、小(xiao)白菜(cai)、結(jie)球白菜(cai)、葉用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)、莖(jing)用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)、芽用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)、根(gen)用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)、辣(la)根(gen)、豆瓣菜(cai)、薺菜(cai)。
豆科:豆(dou)薯、菜(cai)豆(dou)、豌豆(dou)、蠶豆(dou)、豇豆(dou)、菜(cai)用大豆(dou)、扁豆(dou)、刀豆(dou)、矮(ai)刀豆(dou)、苜蓿。
傘形科:芹菜、根芹、水(shui)芹、芫荽、胡(hu)蘿卜、小茴香等(deng)。
唇形科:薄荷(he)、荊(jing)芥、羅勒、草石蠶(can)。
茄科:馬鈴薯(shu)、茄(qie)(qie)子、番茄(qie)(qie)、辣椒、香艷茄(qie)(qie)、酸(suan)漿。
葫蘆科:黃瓜(gua)(gua)、甜瓜(gua)(gua)、南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(中國南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua))、筍(sun)瓜(gua)(gua)(印度南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua))、西葫蘆(lu)(lu)(美洲南(nan)瓜(gua)(gua))、西瓜(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)、瓠瓜(gua)(gua)(葫蘆(lu)(lu))、普通絲瓜(gua)(gua)(有棱絲瓜(gua)(gua))、苦瓜(gua)(gua)、佛(fo)手(shou)瓜(gua)(gua)、蛇瓜(gua)(gua)。
菊科:萵苣(萵筍(sun)、長(chang)葉(xie)萵苣、皺葉(xie)萵苣、結(jie)球萵苣)、茼蒿(hao)、菊芋、苦苣、紫背天葵、牛蒡、朝(chao)鮮薊(ji)。
根菜類蔬菜:又分(fen)肉質(zhi)根(gen)(gen)菜(cai)類(lei)和塊根(gen)(gen)菜(cai)類(lei)。前者包括蘿卜、胡蘿卜、大頭菜(cai)、蕪箐、蕪箐甘藍、根(gen)(gen)用甜菜(cai)等;塊根(gen)(gen)菜(cai)類(lei)有豆薯、葛等。
芽菜類蔬菜:如豌豆芽、喬麥芽、苜蓿芽、蘿卜芽等。【詳細】
1、不要盲(mang)目求新
每一(yi)個(ge)地(di)區(qu)都有幾個(ge)常規大量(liang)栽培的品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),它(ta)們適應性強、高產抗(kang)病,很受市場(chang)歡迎。但有些菜(cai)農總認為買新(xin)奇品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)好(hao),其實恰恰相反,沒(mei)有經過(guo)(guo)試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)的品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),極易失敗。一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)選自己已種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)(guo)或別人(ren)種(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)(guo)多年的好(hao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)才行。要(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)奇品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),必須經過(guo)(guo)2—3年小面(mian)積試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)后再(zai)大面(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。
2、買種不(bu)能(neng)圖(tu)便(bian)宜
目前市場上銷售的種子很多都是(shi)雜交(jiao)一代(dai)(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong),二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)留種(zhong)(zhong)就嚴重分(fen)離退化減產。而有(you)些(xie)雜交(jiao)一代(dai)(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)價(jia)格高,有(you)些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)商看到有(you)利可(ke)圖,就用二(er)代(dai)(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)或其他種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)替而低價(jia)銷(xiao)售(shou),給(gei)生產者造(zao)成巨(ju)大損失。所(suo)以(yi)買種(zhong)(zhong)不能光看說明書和(he)包裝,也(ye)要看銷(xiao)售(shou)者的信譽度(du)再買。
3、購種時應注意三看
一(yi)(yi)(yi)要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)。現在市場上(shang)(shang)經(jing)銷的(de)(de)(de)蔬菜瓜果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都實行(xing)了小包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),要(yao)選(xuan)擇包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)美觀大方,有(you)商(shang)標及(ji)信譽較好的(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)袋(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)圖形和字跡(ji)是否清(qing)晰,袋(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)標注的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)、產地(di)、凈含量(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)營許可證編號、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)指標、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說明(ming)(ming)、檢疫證明(ming)(ming)編號、生產單(dan)位(wei)(wei)及(ji)聯系(xi)地(di)址、聯系(xi)方式、生產年月等(deng)內(nei)(nei)容是否齊(qi)全、明(ming)(ming)確(que)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)購買包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)效(xiao)果差,字跡(ji)模(mo)糊不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing),袋(dai)(dai)上(shang)(shang)標注內(nei)(nei)容不(bu)(bu)(bu)標準、不(bu)(bu)(bu)正規、不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。二(er)要(yao)看(kan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和栽培技術。任(ren)何品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)適應地(di)區和適應季節,要(yao)認真查看(kan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介紹和了解栽培技術,以(yi)便根(gen)據當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)自然條件、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植管理(li)水平選(xuan)擇對路品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),決(jue)定(ding)購買數(shu)量(liang)。三要(yao)看(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應查看(kan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)內(nei)(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)情況。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凈度較高,沒(mei)有(you)雜質(zhi)(zhi),如小土(tu)塊及(ji)其他種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顏(yan)色、粒(li)型、大小均勻一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表皮富有(you)光澤、新(xin)鮮,有(you)些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還具有(you)特殊的(de)(de)(de)味(wei)道,如辣椒、芹菜等(deng)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)比陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)味(wei)道濃(nong)。另外,還要(yao)向售種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)索取注明(ming)(ming)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)、數(shu)量(liang)、價格,具售種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)公(gong)章的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)票(piao)。
4、選(xuan)購種子時不要被(bei)種子商忽(hu)悠
大多(duo)數(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子商喜歡(huan)推廣新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),因為(wei)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利潤高,但有些新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只是老(lao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或類似(si)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)換個包裝(zhuang)和名(ming)稱(cheng)而已。因此建議在購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時要以老(lao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主,少量購買新(xin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),這樣不(bu)至于上當受騙。
1、要保存好購買種子時(shi)的(de)發票(piao)。
2、要及時拆開(kai)一(yi)袋做一(yi)下發芽率。如芽率不好的(de),要及時與購(gou)種單位聯系,請求退貨或調換(huan)。
3、要注意保存種子。可將購買的種子放入布袋內,吊掛在陰涼通風處;也可將袋裝種子或用剩的種子重新密封好后放入冰箱或冷藏室保存。【蔬菜種子儲存方法】
4、種子播種后要保留一定的樣品和包裝袋,萬一種子質量有問題,種子播種后不能復原,可以此取得證據。【詳細】
1、計算播種量
按大田用苗(miao)量、種(zhong)子(zi)發芽率(lv)及成(cheng)苗(miao)率(lv),略有(you)多余的原則播種(zhong),以免過(guo)多造(zao)成(cheng)浪(lang)費。
2、種子處理
種子播種前(qian)曬種1~2天,對種子進行消毒(du),以殺滅(mie)種子攜帶的(de)病原菌,可(ke)采用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)種法、熱水(shui)燙種法或藥劑(ji)消毒(du)法,簡便常用(yong)的(de)方(fang)法是(shi)溫(wen)(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)種法,用(yong)5~6倍55℃左右的(de)溫(wen)(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)種,不斷攪拌(ban),保(bao)持水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)10~15分(fen)鐘,即可(ke)讓水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)降低繼續浸(jin)(jin)種。
3、浸種催芽
以提高(gao)出(chu)苗率及(ji)整齊度(du),不同(tong)的(de)蔬菜種(zhong)(zhong)類種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)浸種(zhong)(zhong)催芽(ya)時間及(ji)溫度(du)均不同(tong),如喜(xi)歡高(gao)溫的(de)西甜瓜等蔬菜品種(zhong)(zhong)一般為(wei)浸種(zhong)(zhong)12小時,要求(qiu)在(zai)30℃左右(you)溫度(du)催芽(ya)30小時左右(you)發(fa)芽(ya)后再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),而夏秋高(gao)溫季節(jie)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)喜(xi)冷涼的(de)芹菜、香菜等蔬菜則要求(qiu)在(zai)20℃左右(you)溫度(du)催芽(ya)24小時左右(you)再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、整平苗床
鋪好營養土,提前澆足底水,種子晾干后均勻撒播在苗床上,西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽眼朝下,覆蓋上適量的營養土,再蓋上稻草、地膜或遮陽網即可。掌握出苗前保持較高的溫度,出苗后及時降低溫度,防止徒長。【詳細】
春季種什么蔬菜種子好 |
韭菜、莧菜、西紅柿(shi)、苦瓜(gua)、絲(si)瓜(gua)、豌(wan)豆、四季豆、魚腥草等。 |
夏季(ji)種什(shen)么(me)蔬(shu)菜種子好 |
空心菜、西洋菜、花菜、油麥(mai)菜、黃瓜(gua)、冬瓜(gua)、南瓜(gua)、西瓜(gua)、菜瓜(gua)、辣椒(jiao)、苦瓜(gua)等(deng)。 |
秋季(ji)種(zhong)什(shen)么(me)蔬菜種(zhong)子好 |
白(bai)菜(cai)、白(bai)蘿卜、豇豆、油豆、菠菜(cai)、香菜(cai)、紅菜(cai)苔、大白(bai)菜(cai)、芹菜(cai)、秋(qiu)茄子(zi)、茼蒿、萵苣等(deng)。 |
冬季種什么蔬菜種子好 |
青菜(cai)、菜(cai)心(xin)、菠菜(cai)、生菜(cai)、胡蘿(luo)卜、香菜(cai)、百合、蘿(luo)卜、芥(jie)菜(cai)等。 |
1、芹菜:清水(shui)浸(jin)種12~24小時,再用清水(shui)沖洗并用手揉搓,將種皮搓開(kai)后(hou),攤開(kai)晾種。待種子水(shui)分稍干后(hou),用濕布包好,置(zhi)20℃左(zuo)右的陰(yin)涼(liang)處催芽,3~4天后(hou)即(ji)可播種。
2、西芹:用(yong)(yong)48℃溫水浸種(zhong)30分鐘,然后用(yong)(yong)濕紗布包褒置于15~20℃溫度(du)下(xia)催(cui)芽(ya),并經常淘洗(xi),7~12天后種(zhong)子發芽(ya)時即可播種(zhong)。
3、木耳萊:在(zai)25℃~30℃溫水中(zhong)浸種(zhong)(zhong)1~2天(tian),井在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右溫度下催芽,可在(zai)7天(tian)左(zuo)右出苗播種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、菠菜:清水浸(jin)種12~24小時,在水中(zhong)充分攪拌(ban),于10℃~15℃溫度下(xia)催芽,3~4天后大(da)部(bu)分種子發芽時即可播種。
5、萵苣:種子(zi)清洗后浸種5~10小時(shi),取出置于5℃低溫(wen)下一晝夜(ye),然后攤在(zai)濕(shi)毛巾(紗布(bu))上(shang),上(shang)面再蓋一層(ceng)紗布(bu)保(bao)濕(shi),室內見光催芽,1~2天后播種,播后保(bao)持土壤濕(shi)潤,以不蓋土出苗為(wei)好。
6、香菜:播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)前先把種(zhong)果(guo)搓(cuo)開,清(qing)水浸12~24小時,置20℃~32℃溫(wen)度催芽,待大部分種(zhong)子發芽后即可播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)。
7、空心菜:50℃~55℃溫(wen)水(shui)中(zhong)浸種(zhong),不斷攪拌(ban)至水(shui)溫(wen)30℃時(shi),保持(chi)恒溫(wen)浸種(zhong)5~10小時(shi),后(hou)取(qu)出用濕(shi)布包好,在20℃~25℃溫(wen)度下催芽,待大部(bu)分種(zhong)子萌發后(hou)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong),播(bo)(bo)后(hou)需覆蓋保溫(wen)。
8、胡蘿卜:選用優質(zhi)新種子,搓去刺(ci)毛,創造良好的發芽條件(jian)。發芽后即可播種。
9、碗豆:選用優質新種子,用25℃~30℃溫水浸種1~2天,置于20℃~30℃溫度下催芽,大部分種子發芽后即可播種。【詳細】
如黑豆芽苗菜、紅豆、黃豆、綠豆芽苗菜、大葉香菜、空心菜、蘿卜芽菜、蕎麥芽菜苗、小白菜、小麥草、油菜苗、苜蓿、香椿、豌豆、蕓松等等,這些種子只需要水,鋪上一層紙就可以長出蔬菜。【詳細】