十字花科:蘿卜、蕪菁、蕪菁甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、芥(jie)(jie)藍(lan)(lan)、結(jie)球(qiu)甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、抱子甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、羽衣甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、花椰(ye)菜(cai)(cai)、青花菜(cai)(cai)、球(qiu)莖甘(gan)(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、小白菜(cai)(cai)、結(jie)球(qiu)白菜(cai)(cai)、葉用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)(cai)、莖用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)(cai)、芽(ya)用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)(cai)、根(gen)用(yong)芥(jie)(jie)菜(cai)(cai)、辣根(gen)、豆瓣菜(cai)(cai)、薺菜(cai)(cai)。
豆科:豆薯、菜豆、豌豆、蠶豆、豇豆、菜用大(da)豆、扁豆、刀豆、矮刀豆、苜蓿。
傘形科:芹(qin)菜、根(gen)芹(qin)、水(shui)芹(qin)、芫荽、胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)、小茴香等。
唇形科:薄荷(he)、荊芥、羅勒、草石(shi)蠶。
茄科:馬鈴薯、茄子、番茄、辣椒、香艷茄、酸漿。
葫蘆科:黃瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、甜(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(中國南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua))、筍瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(印度南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua))、西葫(hu)蘆(美洲(zhou)南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua))、西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、瓠(hu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(葫(hu)蘆)、普(pu)通絲(si)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(有棱絲(si)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua))、苦瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、佛手瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、蛇瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。
菊科:萵(wo)苣(萵(wo)筍、長葉萵(wo)苣、皺葉萵(wo)苣、結球萵(wo)苣)、茼蒿、菊芋(yu)、苦苣、紫背天葵、牛蒡、朝鮮(xian)薊。
根菜類蔬菜:又(you)分肉(rou)質根(gen)菜類和塊根(gen)菜類。前者(zhe)包括蘿卜、胡蘿卜、大(da)頭菜、蕪(wu)箐(qing)、蕪(wu)箐(qing)甘(gan)藍、根(gen)用甜菜等(deng);塊根(gen)菜類有(you)豆(dou)薯、葛等(deng)。
芽菜類蔬菜:如豌豆芽、喬麥芽、苜蓿芽、蘿卜芽等。【詳細】
1、不要盲目求新
每一個(ge)地區都有幾個(ge)常規大量栽(zai)培的(de)(de)品種(zhong),它們適應性強、高產抗病,很受(shou)市場歡迎。但有些(xie)菜農總認為買新奇(qi)品種(zhong)好(hao),其實恰恰相(xiang)反,沒有經過(guo)試種(zhong)的(de)(de)品種(zhong),極易失敗(bai)。一定要選自己已種(zhong)過(guo)或別人(ren)種(zhong)過(guo)多年的(de)(de)好(hao)品種(zhong)才行。要種(zhong)新奇(qi)品種(zhong),必須經過(guo)2—3年小面積試種(zhong)后再大面積種(zhong)植(zhi)。
2、買種(zhong)不能圖(tu)便宜
目前市場上銷售的種子很(hen)多(duo)都是雜交(jiao)一(yi)代種(zhong)(zhong),二代留種(zhong)(zhong)就嚴重分離(li)退(tui)化減產。而有些(xie)雜交(jiao)一(yi)代種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價格高,有些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)商看到(dao)有利可(ke)圖,就用(yong)二代種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或其(qi)他種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)代替而低(di)價銷(xiao)售,給生產者造成巨大(da)損失(shi)。所以買種(zhong)(zhong)不能光看說明書和(he)包裝(zhuang),也要看銷(xiao)售者的信(xin)譽度再買。
3、購種時應(ying)注意(yi)三看(kan)
一(yi)要(yao)(yao)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)包裝(zhuang)袋。現在市場上(shang)經銷的(de)(de)(de)蔬菜瓜(gua)果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)都(dou)實行了小(xiao)包裝(zhuang),要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇包裝(zhuang)美觀大方(fang),有(you)(you)商標(biao)(biao)及(ji)信譽較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。要(yao)(yao)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)袋上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)圖形和(he)(he)字(zi)(zi)跡(ji)(ji)是否清晰,袋上(shang)標(biao)(biao)注的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)、產地、凈含量(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)經營許可證編(bian)號(hao)(hao)、質量(liang)指標(biao)(biao)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)明、檢疫證明編(bian)號(hao)(hao)、生產單位(wei)及(ji)聯系地址、聯系方(fang)式、生產年月等內(nei)容是否齊全、明確(que)。不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)購(gou)買包裝(zhuang)效(xiao)果差,字(zi)(zi)跡(ji)(ji)模糊(hu)不(bu)(bu)清,袋上(shang)標(biao)(biao)注內(nei)容不(bu)(bu)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)、不(bu)(bu)正規(gui)、不(bu)(bu)明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。二(er)要(yao)(yao)看品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)紹(shao)和(he)(he)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術。任何品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)適應(ying)地區和(he)(he)適應(ying)季節(jie),要(yao)(yao)認(ren)真查看品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)紹(shao)和(he)(he)了解(jie)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術,以便根據當地的(de)(de)(de)自然條件、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植管(guan)理水平選(xuan)擇對路品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),決定購(gou)買數量(liang)。三要(yao)(yao)看種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)。購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應(ying)查看一(yi)下包裝(zhuang)袋內(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)質量(liang)情況。一(yi)般(ban)質量(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)凈度較(jiao)高,沒有(you)(you)雜質,如(ru)小(xiao)土塊(kuai)及(ji)其他種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)顏色、粒型、大小(xiao)均勻一(yi)致(zhi),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)表皮富(fu)有(you)(you)光澤、新鮮,有(you)(you)些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)還具有(you)(you)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)味(wei)道(dao),如(ru)辣椒、芹(qin)菜等新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)比陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)味(wei)道(dao)濃。另(ling)外,還要(yao)(yao)向售種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位(wei)索取(qu)注明品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱(cheng)、數量(liang)、價(jia)格,具售種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位(wei)公章的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)票。
4、選購種(zhong)子時不要被(bei)種(zhong)子商忽悠
大多數種(zhong)子(zi)商(shang)喜歡推廣(guang)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),因為新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)利潤高,但有些新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)只是老品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)或類(lei)似(si)的品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)換(huan)個包裝和名稱而已。因此(ci)建議在購種(zhong)時要以老品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)為主,少量購買新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)試(shi)種(zhong),這(zhe)樣不至于上當受騙。
1、要保存好購買種子時的(de)發票。
2、要及時拆開一(yi)袋做一(yi)下發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)率。如芽(ya)(ya)率不好的,要及時與(yu)購種(zhong)單位聯(lian)系,請(qing)求(qiu)退貨或調換。
3、要注意保存種子。可將購買的種子放入布袋內,吊掛在陰涼通風處;也可將袋裝種子或用剩的種子重新密封好后放入冰箱或冷藏室保存。【蔬菜種子儲存方法】
4、種子播種后要保留一定的樣品和包裝袋,萬一種子質量有問題,種子播種后不能復原,可以此取得證據。【詳細】
1、計算播種量
按大田用(yong)苗量、種(zhong)子發(fa)芽率(lv)及成苗率(lv),略(lve)有多余的原則播種(zhong),以免過(guo)多造成浪費。
2、種子處理
種(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前曬種(zhong)(zhong)1~2天,對種(zhong)(zhong)子進行消毒,以殺滅(mie)種(zhong)(zhong)子攜(xie)帶的病原(yuan)菌(jun),可采用(yong)溫(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)法(fa)、熱(re)水燙種(zhong)(zhong)法(fa)或藥劑消毒法(fa),簡便常用(yong)的方法(fa)是溫(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)法(fa),用(yong)5~6倍(bei)55℃左(zuo)右的溫(wen)水浸(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong),不斷攪拌,保持水溫(wen)10~15分鐘,即可讓水溫(wen)降低繼(ji)續浸(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、浸種催芽
以提高出苗率及整齊(qi)度(du),不(bu)同的(de)(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)時間及溫(wen)(wen)度(du)均不(bu)同,如(ru)喜歡高溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)西(xi)甜瓜等蔬菜(cai)(cai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般為(wei)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12小(xiao)時,要(yao)求在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)30小(xiao)時左(zuo)右(you)(you)發芽(ya)(ya)后(hou)再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),而(er)夏(xia)秋高溫(wen)(wen)季節播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)喜冷(leng)涼的(de)(de)芹(qin)菜(cai)(cai)、香(xiang)菜(cai)(cai)等蔬菜(cai)(cai)則要(yao)求在(zai)20℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)24小(xiao)時左(zuo)右(you)(you)再播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
4、整平苗床
鋪好營養土,提前澆足底水,種子晾干后均勻撒播在苗床上,西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽眼朝下,覆蓋上適量的營養土,再蓋上稻草、地膜或遮陽網即可。掌握出苗前保持較高的溫度,出苗后及時降低溫度,防止徒長。【詳細】
春季種什么蔬菜種子好 |
韭菜、莧菜、西(xi)紅柿、苦瓜、絲瓜、豌豆、四(si)季豆、魚腥草等。 |
夏季種什么蔬菜種子好(hao) |
空心菜(cai)、西洋菜(cai)、花菜(cai)、油麥菜(cai)、黃瓜、冬瓜、南瓜、西瓜、菜(cai)瓜、辣椒(jiao)、苦瓜等。 |
秋季種(zhong)什么(me)蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)子好 |
白(bai)菜(cai)、白(bai)蘿(luo)卜、豇豆、油豆、菠(bo)菜(cai)、香菜(cai)、紅菜(cai)苔、大(da)白(bai)菜(cai)、芹菜(cai)、秋茄子、茼蒿、萵苣等。 |
冬季種什么蔬菜種子(zi)好(hao) |
青菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心、菠(bo)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、生菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、胡蘿卜(bu)、香菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、百(bai)合、蘿卜(bu)、芥(jie)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)等。 |
1、芹菜:清(qing)(qing)水浸種(zhong)12~24小時,再用清(qing)(qing)水沖洗(xi)并用手揉搓(cuo)(cuo),將種(zhong)皮搓(cuo)(cuo)開后,攤開晾種(zhong)。待種(zhong)子水分稍干后,用濕布包好,置20℃左右的陰涼處(chu)催芽,3~4天后即可播種(zhong)。
2、西芹:用48℃溫(wen)水浸種30分鐘,然后(hou)用濕(shi)紗布(bu)包(bao)褒置于15~20℃溫(wen)度下催芽,并經(jing)常淘洗(xi),7~12天后(hou)種子發(fa)芽時即可播種。
3、木耳萊:在25℃~30℃溫(wen)水中浸種1~2天,井在30℃左右溫(wen)度下催芽,可在7天左右出苗播種。
4、菠菜:清水浸(jin)種12~24小時,在水中充分攪拌,于10℃~15℃溫度下催芽,3~4天后大部分種子發芽時即可播種。
5、萵苣:種(zhong)子清洗后浸種(zhong)5~10小時,取(qu)出(chu)置(zhi)于5℃低溫下一晝夜,然(ran)后攤在濕(shi)毛巾(紗布(bu))上,上面再(zai)蓋(gai)一層紗布(bu)保濕(shi),室內(nei)見光催芽,1~2天后播(bo)種(zhong),播(bo)后保持土壤(rang)濕(shi)潤,以不蓋(gai)土出(chu)苗為好。
6、香菜:播(bo)種前先把種果搓開,清水浸(jin)12~24小時(shi),置20℃~32℃溫(wen)度催芽(ya)(ya),待大部分種子發芽(ya)(ya)后(hou)即(ji)可播(bo)種。
7、空心菜:50℃~55℃溫(wen)(wen)水中浸種,不斷攪拌至(zhi)水溫(wen)(wen)30℃時,保(bao)持恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)浸種5~10小時,后(hou)取(qu)出用濕(shi)布(bu)包好,在20℃~25℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下催芽(ya),待大部分種子(zi)萌發(fa)后(hou)播種,播后(hou)需覆(fu)蓋保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)。
8、胡蘿卜:選用(yong)優質(zhi)新種子,搓去刺毛,創造(zao)良好的發芽條件。發芽后即(ji)可播(bo)種。
9、碗豆:選用優質新種子,用25℃~30℃溫水浸種1~2天,置于20℃~30℃溫度下催芽,大部分種子發芽后即可播種。【詳細】
如黑豆芽苗菜、紅豆、黃豆、綠豆芽苗菜、大葉香菜、空心菜、蘿卜芽菜、蕎麥芽菜苗、小白菜、小麥草、油菜苗、苜蓿、香椿、豌豆、蕓松等等,這些種子只需要水,鋪上一層紙就可以長出蔬菜。【詳細】