蔬菜種子怎么分類

十字花科：蘿卜(bu)、蕪菁、蕪菁甘(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、芥藍(lan)(lan)、結(jie)球(qiu)甘(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、抱子甘(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、羽衣甘(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、花椰菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、青花菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、球(qiu)莖甘(gan)藍(lan)(lan)、小白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、結(jie)球(qiu)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、葉用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、莖用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、芽用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、根(gen)用(yong)芥菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、辣根(gen)、豆瓣菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、薺菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。

豆科：豆(dou)薯、菜豆(dou)、豌(wan)豆(dou)、蠶(can)豆(dou)、豇豆(dou)、菜用(yong)大豆(dou)、扁豆(dou)、刀(dao)豆(dou)、矮刀(dao)豆(dou)、苜蓿。

傘形科：芹(qin)菜(cai)、根(gen)芹(qin)、水芹(qin)、芫荽(sui)、胡蘿卜、小茴香等。

唇形科：薄荷、荊芥、羅勒、草石蠶。

茄科：馬鈴薯、茄(qie)子(zi)、番茄(qie)、辣(la)椒、香(xiang)艷茄(qie)、酸漿(jiang)。

葫蘆科：黃瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、甜(tian)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)（中國(guo)南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)）、筍瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)（印度南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)）、西(xi)(xi)葫(hu)蘆（美洲南(nan)(nan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)）、西(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、冬瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、瓠(hu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)（葫(hu)蘆）、普通絲瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)（有棱絲瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)）、苦瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、佛手瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、蛇瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。

菊科：萵(wo)苣(ju)(ju)(ju)（萵(wo)筍、長葉萵(wo)苣(ju)(ju)(ju)、皺葉萵(wo)苣(ju)(ju)(ju)、結球萵(wo)苣(ju)(ju)(ju)）、茼蒿、菊芋、苦(ku)苣(ju)(ju)(ju)、紫背天葵、牛蒡、朝鮮薊。

根菜類蔬菜：又分肉質根(gen)(gen)(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)和塊根(gen)(gen)(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)。前者包括(kuo)蘿(luo)卜、胡蘿(luo)卜、大頭菜(cai)(cai)、蕪箐、蕪箐甘藍、根(gen)(gen)(gen)用(yong)甜菜(cai)(cai)等；塊根(gen)(gen)(gen)菜(cai)(cai)類(lei)有(you)豆薯、葛等。

芽菜類蔬菜：如豌豆芽、喬麥芽、苜蓿芽、蘿卜芽等。【詳細】

該圖片由注冊用戶"大吉大利"提供，版權聲明反饋

蔬菜種子選購方法

如何選購蔬菜種子

1、不要盲目求新

每一個(ge)(ge)地區都有(you)幾個(ge)(ge)常規大量栽培(pei)的品種，它(ta)們適應性強、高產抗病，很受市場歡迎。但有(you)些(xie)菜(cai)農總認為(wei)買新奇品種好，其(qi)實恰恰相反(fan)，沒有(you)經過(guo)試(shi)種的品種，極易失(shi)敗。一定(ding)要選自己已種過(guo)或別人種過(guo)多(duo)年的好品種才行。要種新奇品種，必須經過(guo)2—3年小(xiao)面(mian)積(ji)試(shi)種后再大面(mian)積(ji)種植。

2、買種不能圖(tu)便(bian)宜

目前市場上銷售的種子很多(duo)都是雜交(jiao)(jiao)一代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)，二代(dai)留種(zhong)(zhong)就嚴重分離退(tui)化(hua)減產。而有些雜交(jiao)(jiao)一代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)價(jia)格高，有些種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)商看(kan)到有利可圖，就用二代(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)或其(qi)他種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)代(dai)替(ti)而低價(jia)銷(xiao)售，給生產者造成巨大損失。所以買種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)能光看(kan)說明書(shu)和包裝，也要看(kan)銷(xiao)售者的信(xin)譽度(du)再買。

3、購種(zhong)時應注意三看

一(yi)要(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)。現在市場上(shang)經銷的(de)蔬菜(cai)(cai)瓜果種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)都(dou)實行(xing)了(le)小包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)美觀(guan)大(da)方，有(you)(you)(you)(you)商標及信譽較好的(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。要(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)袋(dai)上(shang)的(de)圖形和(he)字跡是否(fou)清晰(xi)，袋(dai)上(shang)標注(zhu)的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產地(di)、凈(jing)含量(liang)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)經營許可證(zheng)(zheng)編號(hao)、質量(liang)指標、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說明(ming)、檢疫(yi)證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)編號(hao)、生產單位及聯系地(di)址、聯系方式、生產年月等(deng)內容是否(fou)齊全、明(ming)確。不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)購買包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)效果差，字跡模糊不(bu)(bu)清，袋(dai)上(shang)標注(zhu)內容不(bu)(bu)標準、不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)規、不(bu)(bu)明(ming)確的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。二要(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)紹和(he)栽培技(ji)術(shu)。任何品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)適應地(di)區和(he)適應季節，要(yao)(yao)認(ren)真查看(kan)(kan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)介(jie)紹和(he)了(le)解(jie)栽培技(ji)術(shu)，以便(bian)根據(ju)當地(di)的(de)自然條件、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植管(guan)理水平選(xuan)擇對路品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，決定購買數量(liang)。三要(yao)(yao)看(kan)(kan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)質量(liang)。購種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)應查看(kan)(kan)一(yi)下包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質量(liang)情況(kuang)。一(yi)般質量(liang)好的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)凈(jing)度較高，沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜質，如小土(tu)塊及其他種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)顏色、粒(li)型(xing)、大(da)小均勻一(yi)致，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表皮富(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)光澤、新鮮，有(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)還(huan)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)特殊的(de)味道，如辣椒、芹菜(cai)(cai)等(deng)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)比陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)味道濃。另外，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)向售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位索(suo)取注(zhu)明(ming)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、數量(liang)、價格，具(ju)售(shou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單位公章的(de)發票(piao)。

4、選購種子(zi)時不(bu)要被種子(zi)商忽悠

大多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子商喜(xi)歡推(tui)廣新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，因為新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利潤高(gao)，但有些新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)只是老品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或類(lei)似的品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)換個包裝和名(ming)稱而已。因此建議在(zai)購(gou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時要以(yi)老品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主，少量購(gou)買新(xin)(xin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，這樣不(bu)至于上(shang)當受騙。

蔬菜種子選購注意

1、要(yao)保(bao)存好購買(mai)種(zhong)子時(shi)的發票。

2、要及時拆開(kai)一(yi)袋做一(yi)下發芽(ya)率。如(ru)芽(ya)率不好的，要及時與購種單位聯系，請求(qiu)退(tui)貨或調換。

3、要注意保存種子。可將購買的種子放入布袋內，吊掛在陰涼通風處；也可將袋裝種子或用剩的種子重新密封好后放入冰箱或冷藏室保存。【蔬菜種子儲存方法】

4、種子播種后要保留一定的樣品和包裝袋，萬一種子質量有問題，種子播種后不能復原，可以此取得證據。【詳細】

蔬菜種子播種方法

蔬菜種子播種原則

1、計算播種量

按大田用苗(miao)(miao)量、種子(zi)發芽率及成苗(miao)(miao)率，略有多余的原則播種，以免(mian)過(guo)多造成浪(lang)費。

2、種子處理

種(zhong)子播種(zhong)前曬(shai)種(zhong)1～2天(tian)，對種(zhong)子進行消毒，以殺滅(mie)種(zhong)子攜帶的病(bing)原(yuan)菌，可采用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)法(fa)、熱水(shui)燙種(zhong)法(fa)或藥劑消毒法(fa)，簡便常用(yong)的方法(fa)是溫(wen)(wen)(wen)湯(tang)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)法(fa)，用(yong)5～6倍55℃左右的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)，不斷攪(jiao)拌，保持(chi)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)10～15分鐘，即可讓水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)降低(di)繼續浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)。

3、浸種催芽

以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)出(chu)苗率及整齊度，不同的蔬菜(cai)種類種子的浸(jin)種催(cui)芽(ya)時間及溫(wen)度均不同，如喜歡(huan)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)的西甜瓜等蔬菜(cai)品種一(yi)般為浸(jin)種12小時，要求在30℃左右溫(wen)度催(cui)芽(ya)30小時左右發芽(ya)后再播(bo)種，而夏秋高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)季節播(bo)種喜冷涼(liang)的芹(qin)菜(cai)、香菜(cai)等蔬菜(cai)則要求在20℃左右溫(wen)度催(cui)芽(ya)24小時左右再播(bo)種。

4、整平苗床

鋪好營養土，提前澆足底水，種子晾干后均勻撒播在苗床上，西甜瓜等穴播的要求芽眼朝下，覆蓋上適量的營養土，再蓋上稻草、地膜或遮陽網即可。掌握出苗前保持較高的溫度，出苗后及時降低溫度，防止徒長。【詳細】

蔬菜種子種植時間表

【詳細】

蔬菜種子催芽方法

1、芹菜：清水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)種(zhong)12～24小時，再(zai)用(yong)清水(shui)(shui)沖洗并用(yong)手揉搓(cuo)，將種(zhong)皮搓(cuo)開(kai)后，攤開(kai)晾(liang)種(zhong)。待種(zhong)子水(shui)(shui)分稍干后，用(yong)濕布包好(hao)，置20℃左右(you)的陰涼處催芽，3～4天后即可播種(zhong)。

2、西芹：用(yong)(yong)48℃溫水浸種(zhong)30分鐘，然(ran)后(hou)用(yong)(yong)濕紗布包(bao)褒置于15～20℃溫度下催芽，并經常淘洗，7～12天后(hou)種(zhong)子發芽時即可播種(zhong)。

3、木耳萊：在(zai)25℃～30℃溫(wen)水中浸(jin)種1～2天(tian)，井在(zai)30℃左(zuo)右溫(wen)度(du)下催芽，可在(zai)7天(tian)左(zuo)右出(chu)苗(miao)播種。

4、菠菜：清水浸種12～24小時，在水中充分攪(jiao)拌，于10℃～15℃溫(wen)度下催芽，3～4天后大部分種子發芽時即可播(bo)種。

5、萵苣：種子(zi)清洗后(hou)浸種5～10小時，取出置(zhi)于5℃低溫下一晝夜，然后(hou)攤在濕(shi)(shi)毛巾（紗布）上，上面再蓋一層紗布保濕(shi)(shi)，室內見光催芽，1～2天后(hou)播種，播后(hou)保持土(tu)壤濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)，以不蓋土(tu)出苗為好。

6、香菜：播種前先把種果搓開，清水浸12～24小時，置(zhi)20℃～32℃溫度催芽，待大部分(fen)種子發芽后(hou)即可播種。

7、空心菜：50℃～55℃溫(wen)水中浸(jin)種，不斷攪拌(ban)至(zhi)水溫(wen)30℃時(shi)，保持恒溫(wen)浸(jin)種5～10小(xiao)時(shi)，后取出用濕布包(bao)好，在20℃～25℃溫(wen)度下催(cui)芽，待(dai)大部(bu)分種子(zi)萌發后播(bo)(bo)種，播(bo)(bo)后需覆蓋(gai)保溫(wen)。

8、胡蘿卜：選(xuan)用優質新種(zhong)子，搓(cuo)去刺毛，創造(zao)良好(hao)的發芽(ya)(ya)條件。發芽(ya)(ya)后即可播(bo)種(zhong)。

9、碗豆：選用優質新種子，用25℃～30℃溫水浸種1～2天，置于20℃～30℃溫度下催芽，大部分種子發芽后即可播種。【詳細】

紙上種菜的種子有哪些

如黑豆芽苗菜、紅豆、黃豆、綠豆芽苗菜、大葉香菜、空心菜、蘿卜芽菜、蕎麥芽菜苗、小白菜、小麥草、油菜苗、苜蓿、香椿、豌豆、蕓松等等，這些種子只需要水，鋪上一層紙就可以長出蔬菜。【詳細】