顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)以顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)原理進行分(fen)(fen)類(lei)可分(fen)(fen)為偏(pian)光顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)、光學顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)與電子顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)和數碼顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)。

1、光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)：通常皆由(you)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)、照(zhao)明部(bu)分(fen)(fen)和機(ji)械部(bu)分(fen)(fen)組成。無(wu)疑(yi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)是最為(wei)關鍵的，它由(you)目鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)和物鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)組成。光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)的種類(lei)很多，主(zhu)要有明視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)（普通光(guang)(guang)(guang)學(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)）、暗視野(ye)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、相差(cha)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、激光(guang)(guang)(guang)掃描共聚焦顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、偏光(guang)(guang)(guang)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)干涉差(cha)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、倒置顯(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)。

2、電子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)：電子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)比光學顯微(wei)鏡(jing)高得(de)多(duo)的對物體的放大及(ji)分(fen)辨本領，它將電子(zi)(zi)流作為(wei)一種新的光源，使(shi)物體成(cheng)像。電子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)種類包括透射電子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)、X光顯微(wei)鏡(jing)、掃描電子(zi)(zi)顯微(wei)鏡(jing)。常用于生物、醫藥及(ji)微(wei)小粒子(zi)(zi)的觀測。

3、偏(pian)(pian)光(guang)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)：凡具(ju)有(you)雙折射(she)的(de)物質(zhi)，在偏(pian)(pian)光(guang)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)下就能分辨的(de)清(qing)楚，當(dang)然這些(xie)物質(zhi)也可用(yong)染色法來進行觀察(cha)，但有(you)些(xie)則(ze)不可用(yong)，而必(bi)須利用(yong)偏(pian)(pian)光(guang)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)。偏(pian)(pian)光(guang)顯(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)主要是(shi)(shi)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)來觀察(cha)液晶、纖維等自身具(ju)有(you)單折射(she)性(xing)(xing)或雙折性(xing)(xing)的(de)物體。

4、數碼顯(xian)微(wei)鏡：數碼顯(xian)微(wei)鏡是將精(jing)銳的(de)光學顯(xian)微(wei)鏡技術、先(xian)進的(de)光電轉換(huan)技術、液晶屏幕技術完美地結合(he)在一起而開發研制成功(gong)的(de)一項高科(ke)技產品(pin)。從(cong)而，我(wo)們可以對微(wei)觀領(ling)域的(de)研究從(cong)傳統的(de)普通的(de)雙眼觀察到通過顯(xian)示器上再現，從(cong)而提高了(le)工作效率。