經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)是測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)的(de)主要測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)角儀(yi)器(qi)。由望(wang)遠(yuan)鏡(jing)、水(shui)平(ping)度(du)(du)盤(pan)、豎(shu)直度(du)(du)盤(pan)、水(shui)準(zhun)器(qi)、基(ji)座等(deng)組成。測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量時(shi)，將(jiang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)安置在三腳架(jia)上，用(yong)垂球或光(guang)(guang)學(xue)對(dui)點(dian)器(qi)將(jiang)儀(yi)器(qi)中(zhong)心對(dui)準(zhun)地面(mian)(mian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)站點(dian)上，用(yong)水(shui)準(zhun)器(qi)將(jiang)儀(yi)器(qi)定(ding)平(ping)，用(yong)望(wang)遠(yuan)鏡(jing)瞄準(zhun)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量目標(biao)，用(yong)水(shui)平(ping)度(du)(du)盤(pan)和(he)豎(shu)直度(du)(du)盤(pan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)水(shui)平(ping)角和(he)豎(shu)直角。按(an)(an)精度(du)(du)分為(wei)精密經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)和(he)普通經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；按(an)(an)讀數設備可分為(wei)光(guang)(guang)學(xue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)和(he)游標(biao)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；按(an)(an)軸系(xi)構造(zao)分為(wei)復(fu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)和(he)方向經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)。此外，有(you)可自(zi)動(dong)按(an)(an)編碼(ma)穿(chuan)孔記錄(lu)度(du)(du)盤(pan)讀數的(de)編碼(ma)度(du)(du)盤(pan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；可連續自(zi)動(dong)瞄準(zhun)空中(zhong)目標(biao)的(de)自(zi)動(dong)跟蹤經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；利用(yong)陀(tuo)螺(luo)定(ding)向原理迅(xun)速獨(du)立測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)地面(mian)(mian)點(dian)方位的(de)陀(tuo)螺(luo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)和(he)激(ji)光(guang)(guang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；具有(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)、子午儀(yi)和(he)天頂儀(yi)三種作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)供(gong)天文觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)的(de)全(quan)能經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)；將(jiang)攝影機與經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)結合一(yi)起(qi)供(gong)地面(mian)(mian)攝影測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量用(yong)的(de)攝影經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)緯(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀(yi)等(deng)。