家裝隱蔽工程很重要 專家教你如何驗收

家庭裝(zhuang)修(xiu)中的(de)(de)隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)程是指隱(yin)蔽(bi)在裝(zhuang)飾表面內部的(de)(de)管(guan)線工(gong)(gong)程和結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)程。管(guan)線工(gong)(gong)程包括電器回(hui)路、給排水、煤氣管(guan)道、空調系統等;結構(gou)工(gong)(gong)程指用于(yu)固(gu)定、支(zhi)撐(cheng)房屋荷(he)載(zai)的(de)(de)內部構(gou)造(zao)。雖然曾經流行一(yi)時的(de)(de)野(ye)獸派(pai)和高科技派(pai)以暴露管(guan)道結構(gou)為美，但是這(zhe)種(zhong)手法不適于(yu)普通百姓人家的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)。

值得(de)注意的(de)是，目前隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)問題普遍存在，而且由于(yu)維修(xiu)不便，留(liu)下很多隱(yin)患(huan)。因此，有(you)必要了解它的(de)結構(gou)和材料。家庭裝修(xiu)的(de)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)主要包(bao)括(kuo)六(liu)個(ge)方面：

(1)給排水工程。由于鍍鋅(xin)管(guan)易生(sheng)銹(xiu)、積垢(gou)、不(bu)保(bao)溫，而(er)且會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)凍裂，將被逐(zhu)步淘汰。目前使用最多的(de)是塑(su)鋁(lv)復(fu)合管(guan)、塑(su)鋼管(guan)、PPR管(guan)。這些(xie)管(guan)子有良好的(de)塑(su)性(xing)、韌(ren)性(xing)，而(er)且保(bao)溫不(bu)開裂、不(bu)積垢(gou)，采(cai)用專用接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)或熱塑(su)接(jie)(jie)頭(tou)，質(zhi)量保(bao)證、能耗少。

(2)電器管線工程。一般(ban)電源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)分硬線(xian)(xian)(xian)、軟(ruan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、護套線(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)，按銅芯粗(cu)細又分為(wei)1平(ping)(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、1.5平(ping)(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)、2.5平(ping)(ping)方毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)……為(wei)安全起見，更為(wei)了便于(yu)維(wei)修，電源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應套套管。此外常用的還有音響線(xian)(xian)(xian)、信號線(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)。插座分為(wei)10A，15A，品牌也(ye)有多(duo)種，假冒的也(ye)多(duo)。劣質的插座容易引起事故，建議到正規(gui)電器用品商店(dian)購買(mai)較為(wei)妥當。電器線(xian)(xian)(xian)路工(gong)程，要求施工(gong)規(gui)范，以保(bao)證安全，消除隱患。

(3)地板基層。實木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)基層(ceng)有兩(liang)種(zhong)做法(fa)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)水泥樓板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)鋪(pu)設木(mu)龍骨(gu)(gu)，最后釘地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)方法(fa)在(zai)(zai)龍骨(gu)(gu)上(shang)先鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，或者是毛(mao)(mao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，然(ran)后釘地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，采用這種(zhong)方法(fa)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)受(shou)力均勻，結(jie)構牢固(gu)。復(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)安裝(zhuang)方便(bian)，基層(ceng)也有兩(liang)種(zhong)作法(fa)：一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)先作找(zhao)平層(ceng)，然(ran)后鋪(pu)設PVC墊(dian)層(ceng)，之(zhi)后鋪(pu)設復(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban);另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)水泥找(zhao)平層(ceng)上(shang)，鋪(pu)設木(mu)龍骨(gu)(gu)和毛(mao)(mao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，兩(liang)鋪(pu)復(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

(4)護墻基層。護(hu)墻(qiang)板(ban)(ban)有(you)平(ping)板(ban)(ban)式和凹凸式。做法是(shi)在(zai)墻(qiang)面上安裝30mm×40mm木(mu)龍骨，在(zai)此基礎上釘多層板(ban)(ban)或細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)，最后釘飾面夾板(ban)(ban)。為防止發(fa)霉(mei)，在(zai)護(hu)墻(qiang)板(ban)(ban)上部開一(yi)系列直徑為6mm的氣孔。

(5)門窗套基層。先排(pai)設龍骨，然后(hou)釘(ding)細木工板(ban)，表面用飾(shi)面夾板(ban)釘(ding)木線條，避免日后(hou)膨脹。

(6)吊頂基層。吊(diao)頂(ding)材料有石膏板，灰板，夾板，鋁合金扣板，塑料扣板，磨砂玻璃，彩繪(hui)玻璃等，龍骨(gu)分木(mu)龍骨(gu)和輕鋼龍骨(gu)。吊(diao)頂(ding)開裂的(de)現象(xiang)經常出現，如使用彈(dan)性膩子(zi)嵌縫，并貼尼龍綁帶，可以改善這(zhe)種(zhong)情況。

隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程完(wan)工(gong)后(hou)(hou)，需(xu)驗收，確(que)保不(bu)留(liu)隱患，合格后(hou)(hou)才(cai)能進行后(hou)(hou)續施工(gong)。否則今后(hou)(hou)發(fa)現問題，需(xu)要返工(gong)，既影響(xiang)質量，又拖(tuo)延工(gong)期。業(ye)主和承包方都將蒙受損失(shi)。