氣動(dong)工具原理是(shi)什么 氣動(dong)工具是(shi)如何工作的

氣動工具(ju)原理是什(shen)么 氣動工具(ju)是如何工作的

氣動工具由于具有：

1、可以使用于(yu)爆炸(zha)性(xing)(xing)、腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、高溫(wen)及(ji)潮濕的(de)工作環境中(zhong)；

2、可超負荷操作而不(bu)致使馬達燒(shao)毀；

3、結構簡單、堅固耐用、維護相對容易(yi)；

4、輸出扭矩大、重(zhong)量(liang)輕(qing)、效(xiao)率高(gao)；

5、可實現無級調速，以(yi)及可產生旋轉(zhuan)、往復及沖(chong)擊(ji)運動；

等(deng)(deng)優點(dian)，而(er)被廣泛的(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于現代(dai)機械(xie)制(zhi)造、船舶(bo)制(zhi)造、汽(qi)車(che)(che)制(zhi)造等(deng)(deng)許多領域，特別(bie)(bie)是在汽(qi)車(che)(che)制(zhi)造業(ye)，廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)在整車(che)(che)生產過程中(zhong)的(de)打磨(mo)、拋(pao)光(guang)、噴涂、裝配等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)況，是現代(dai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)批量大規模生產不(bu)可缺(que)少的(de)重要工(gong)(gong)裝設(she)備之(zhi)一，而(er)由于在汽(qi)車(che)(che)制(zhi)造業(ye)中(zhong)，整車(che)(che)裝配近90%的(de)聯(lian)接形式(shi)采用(yong)(yong)螺紋聯(lian)接，因此氣動擰緊工(gong)(gong)具在整車(che)(che)裝配中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)特別(bie)(bie)廣泛。

從廣義上講，氣(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)主要(yao)是利用(yong)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)帶動(dong)氣(qi)動(dong)馬達而對外輸出動(dong)能工(gong)作的一種工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，一般氣(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)主要(yao)由動(dong)力輸出部(bu)分、作業形式轉化部(bu)分、進排(pai)氣(qi)路部(bu)分、運(yun)作開啟與(yu)停止(zhi)控制部(bu)分、工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)殼(ke)體等主體部(bu)分，當然氣(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)作還必須有能源(yuan)供(gong)給部(bu)分、空(kong)氣(qi)過濾(lv)與(yu)氣(qi)壓調節部(bu)分以及工(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)附(fu)件等。

1、 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)部分(fen)(fen)：它是(shi)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工具主要(yao)組成(cheng)部件之一，主要(yao)有氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達(da)(da)及動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)齒(chi)輪組成(cheng)，它依靠(kao)高壓(ya)力的壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)吹(chui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片而使馬(ma)達(da)(da)轉(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，對外(wai)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)旋轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，并通過齒(chi)輪帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)整個作業(ye)形式轉(zhuan)化部分(fen)(fen)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。按定子(zi)與轉(zhuan)子(zi)是(shi)否同(tong)心(xin)，氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達(da)(da)可分(fen)(fen)為同(tong)心(xin)馬(ma)達(da)(da)和偏心(xin)馬(ma)達(da)(da)，按進氣(qi)孔的數量多(duo)少(shao)，可分(fen)(fen)為單進氣(qi)孔馬(ma)達(da)(da)、雙(shuang)進氣(qi)孔馬(ma)達(da)(da)和多(duo)進氣(qi)孔馬(ma)達(da)(da)等(deng)。無(wu)論是(shi)何(he)種(zhong)形式的氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達(da)(da)，都是(shi)依靠(kao)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)吹(chui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)子(zi)旋轉(zhuan)的，馬(ma)達(da)(da)葉(xie)片在高速旋轉(zhuan)時，時刻與定子(zi)內壁發(fa)生摩擦，它是(shi)馬(ma)達(da)(da)內最(zui)為常(chang)見的易損部件，因而它對壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)的質量和壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣(qi)中是(shi)否含潤滑油分(fen)(fen)子(zi)要(yao)求很高；

2、 作業形式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)：它(ta)主要(yao)(yao)是將馬達輸出的旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)進行(xing)(xing)相應(ying)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化。在汽車制(zhi)造業中，由(you)(you)于以螺紋聯接的方式(shi)甚多，大(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)是旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)，當然也有直線往復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)。對于不同類型的氣動(dong)工具(ju)，作業形式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)主要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為機械式(shi)離合(he)器(qi)及(ji)行(xing)(xing)星齒輪組(zu)(zu)、摩(mo)擦(ca)片式(shi)離合(he)器(qi)及(ji)行(xing)(xing)星齒輪組(zu)(zu)、液壓油缸、扭(niu)力桿及(ji)錘打塊組(zu)(zu)等。以上部(bu)件(jian)均以旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)為基礎的重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)部(bu)件(jian)，它(ta)決(jue)定著(zhu)該氣動(dong)擰緊(jin)工具(ju)的扭(niu)力大(da)小、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速快慢、擰緊(jin)精度等重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)參(can)數，由(you)(you)于它(ta)不停的離合(he)、受壓或扭(niu)矩轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變，故(gu)它(ta)的組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)件(jian)易受損壞(huai)；

3、 進(jin)排(pai)氣路部分(fen)：顯而(er)易(yi)見，進(jin)排(pai)氣路部分(fen)是(shi)壓縮空氣進(jin)出的相關通道，是(shi)保障馬達正常運動(dong)的能源供給系統；

4、 運(yun)動(dong)開啟與停止控(kong)制(zhi)部分，即通常所述(shu)的氣動(dong)開關，由(you)于它時(shi)刻和操(cao)作(zuo)人員及(ji)外界物體(ti)直接(jie)接(jie)觸，且多工程(cheng)塑料制(zhi)品，故易出(chu)現損壞；

5、 能(neng)源(yuan)供給部(bu)分：壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)主要是(shi)空(kong)壓機將大氣(qi)進(jin)行壓縮后(hou)而形成的(de)，由壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)管道輸送至(zhi)相(xiang)關的(de)用氣(qi)電，且呈脈(mo)動狀(zhuang)；

6、 空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)過(guo)濾及氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)調節部(bu)分(fen)：由于壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)通(tong)常是通(tong)過(guo)無縫鋼管制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)管道進行(xing)輸送的(de)(de)(de)，在長(chang)期使(shi)用時，其內(nei)壁的(de)(de)(de)銹蝕(shi)物、壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)水分(fen)、粉塵等將不(bu)(bu)斷形成(cheng)。若這樣的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)進行(xing)任何處理(li)，直接進入氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)馬(ma)達，則將導致(zhi)馬(ma)達壽命大大縮(suo)短，從而致(zhi)使(shi)整(zheng)把工(gong)具(ju)動(dong)力輸出不(bu)(bu)足(zu)、且(qie)不(bu)(bu)穩(wen)定，易造(zao)成(cheng)馬(ma)達等零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)連環損壞的(de)(de)(de)現象，為此在由管道輸送的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)至氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)工(gong)具(ju)之間，必須設置(zhi)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)過(guo)濾、調節裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)三聯(lian)件(jian)(jian)承擔了該項任務。氣(qi)(qi)動(dong)三聯(lian)件(jian)(jian)主要由氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)表、過(guo)濾器、油(you)霧器、調壓(ya)器等部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)，其中過(guo)濾器中內(nei)置(zhi)濾芯，在使(shi)用一段(duan)時間后要進行(xing)維護清洗、定期更換(huan)；

7、 工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)：這里(li)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)是指安裝在(zai)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)本體上(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)三聯(lian)件(jian)(jian)承擔了該(gai)項任務。氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)三聯(lian)件(jian)(jian)主要由氣(qi)壓表(biao)、過(guo)濾器(qi)、油(you)霧器(qi)、調壓器(qi)等(deng)部(bu)分組成(cheng)，其(qi)中過(guo)濾器(qi)中內置濾芯，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)一段時間(jian)后要進行維護清洗(xi)、定(ding)期更換；這樣的(de)壓縮空氣(qi)不進行任何處理，直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)進入(ru)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)馬達(da)(da)，則將導(dao)致馬達(da)(da)壽命大大縮短(duan)，從而致使(shi)整把工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸出不足、且不穩定(ding)，易造成(cheng)馬達(da)(da)等(deng)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)連環(huan)損壞(huai)的(de)現象，為此在(zai)由管道輸送(song)的(de)壓縮空氣(qi)至氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)之間(jian)，必須設置壓縮空氣(qi)過(guo)濾、調節裝置，包括各類(lei)氣(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)套筒、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)桿、轉換接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭、刀頭等(deng)；

上(shang)述各部分相互依(yi)存、相互制(zhi)約(yue)、不能單獨孤立(li)存在實現作業(ye)。