紅木知識之教你如何辨別雞翅木
雞翅木的品種很(hen)多(duo),歷史上文人(ren)的傾(qing)心青睞,商賈達官的附庸風雅,使之成為貴族,追逐(zhu)者眾。
“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)歷:雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),英文(wen)(wen)(wen)名(ming)為(wei)chicken-wingwood,是(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)弦(xian)切(qie)(qie)面上(shang)紋(wen)理(li)酷似(si)(si)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)類木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總稱(cheng)(cheng),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)樹(shu)種名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng),而(er)是(shi)(shi)民間約(yue)定(ding)(ding)俗成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫法。古代(dai)(dai)曾有(you)(you)“有(you)(you)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)必定(ding)(ding)喻(yu)吉(ji)”、“雞(ji)(ji)(ji)吉(ji)諧音(yin)(yin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法,歷史上(shang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)人、商(shang)(shang)賈達官(guan)認為(wei)帶有(you)(you)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)諧音(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)含吉(ji)祥(xiang)如意(yi),任(ren)(ren)何有(you)(you)關吉(ji)祥(xiang)圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書都有(you)(you)此解,另(ling)外因其(qi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)(cai)弦(xian)切(qie)(qie)面紋(wen)理(li)酷似(si)(si)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi),故(gu)名(ming)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字使(shi)它受(shou)到(dao)歡迎,得到(dao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾心青睞,商(shang)(shang)賈達官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附(fu)庸風雅,使(shi)之成為(wei)貴族,追逐(zhu)者眾。早期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個罕(han)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種,推(tui)斷無大樹(shu)。被文(wen)(wen)(wen)人賦予美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭冠(guan)之后,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)變(bian)得非常精神化。我曾猜想古人在玩文(wen)(wen)(wen)字游戲,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)吉(ji)諧音(yin)(yin),凡(fan)明(ming)清兩代(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)上(shang)有(you)(you)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)必定(ding)(ding)喻(yu)吉(ji),任(ren)(ren)何有(you)(you)關吉(ji)祥(xiang)圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書都有(you)(you)此解。所(suo)以(yi)迫使(shi)我猜想雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喻(yu)意(yi),如此說(shuo)成立,雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中連(lian)續出現替代(dai)(dai)品就順理(li)成章(zhang)了。
據了解,廣州古舊家具市場上的雞(ji)翅木(mu)有(you)新老(lao)之分,我(wo)們如何來(lai)分辨呢?
有(you)人這樣定義新老雞(ji)翅木:老雞(ji)翅木“肌理(li)致密(mi),紫褐色深淺相(xiang)間成紋,尤其是縱切而微斜的剖面,纖細(xi)浮動,予(yu)人羽毛璀璨(can)閃耀的感覺。”新雞(ji)翅木“木質粗(cu)糙,紫黑相(xiang)間,紋理(li)往往渾(hun)濁不(bu)清,僵(jiang)直無旋轉之勢(shi),而且木絲有(you)時容(rong)易翹裂起茬。”
現有市場上的雞翅木種類
老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。凡(fan)明(ming)代雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)家(jia)具(ju)以及清(qing)早(zao)期的(de)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)家(jia)具(ju)都(dou)使(shi)用這種雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。區分(fen)(fen)老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)并不(bu)難,首先是份(fen)量,老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)體(ti)輕(qing)(qing),在硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)家(jia)族中最輕(qing)(qing),甚(shen)至抵(di)不(bu)上有些"柴木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)",比如(ru)櫸(ju)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。一件雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)家(jia)具(ju),掂(dian)一掂(dian)份(fen)量就可(ke)以知道是不(bu)是老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);其(qi)(qi)次是顏色,老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)色灰,尤其(qi)(qi)年久失蠟以后,其(qi)(qi)顏色土灰,難看之極。上蠟之后,顏色略淺(qian),雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅紋理才可(ke)分(fen)(fen)辨;三是紋理不(bu)甚(shen)明(ming)顯,老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)如(ru)想象那么美(mei)麗,經(jing)驗(yan)不(bu)足者(zhe)常常與鐵力木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)混淆(xiao)。但分(fen)(fen)辨老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有一簡便可(ke)行的(de)辦法(fa):立(li)起指甲與木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)紋形(xing)成90度方向輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)劃過,平滑無礙者(zhe)是老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),隨紋理有跳躍感者(zhe)為鐵力木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。老(lao)(lao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)纖(xian)維(wei)柔韌(ren),能勝任一般雕(diao)刻,極細的(de)雕(diao)刻在明(ming)式雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)家(jia)具(ju)上未見,說明(ming)了雞(ji)(ji)(ji)翅木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材質的(de)局(ju)限。
新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)。這(zhe)里所說的新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)仍是清(qing)代(dai)產品(pin)。清(qing)中期至清(qing)晚期,老(lao)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)告罄(qing),新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)登場(chang)。新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)顏色略(lve)重,呈棕色,紋(wen)理中顏色略(lve)黃;體重較重,與老(lao)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)從(cong)份量就(jiu)可以區(qu)分;紋(wen)理明顯(xian)(xian),新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)在(zai)常人眼中比老(lao)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)漂亮(liang)。新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)纖維(wei)粗,韌(ren)性好,不易雕刻,故凡用新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)雕刻者都顯(xian)(xian)粗糙。新(xin)雞(ji)(ji)翅(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)木(mu)來源(yuan)復雜(za),品(pin)種(zhong)較多,有好有壞,產地應該(gai)不止一(yi)兩處,從(cong)家具角(jiao)度,知道就(jiu)要(yao)可以了,不必深究,去鉆牛角(jiao),否則會誤入(ru)歧途。