太陽能電池的選擇方法
1、我們(men)選購(gou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時,關注的(de)重點(dian)就是太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)片的(de)功率。一(yi)般來(lai)說,太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)(ban)的(de)功率跟太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能晶片的(de)面(mian)(mian)積成正比。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)晶片的(de)面(mian)(mian)積不完(wan)全等同于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能封(feng)裝面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)的(de)面(mian)(mian)積,因為有的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)雖然大(da),單太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能晶片排列的(de)縫隙很(hen)寬,這樣的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)功率不一(yi)定高。
2、一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說,太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)面板(ban)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率是越大(da)(da)越好,這樣在(zai)陽(yang)(yang)光下(xia)產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)流大(da)(da),能(neng)很快將其內置電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿。但在(zai)現實(shi)中,需要太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)面板(ban)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率和太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)便攜性中找一(yi)(yi)個平衡點。通常認為太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器的(de)功(gong)(gong)率最(zui)小不能(neng)低(di)于(yu)0.75w,次功(gong)(gong)率的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)板(ban)在(zai)標準強光下(xia)有(you)(you)140mA的(de)電(dian)流產生(sheng)。在(zai)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)陽(yang)(yang)光下(xia)產生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)流在(zai)100mA左右,如果低(di)于(yu)次功(gong)(gong)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流過小,基本上不會有(you)(you)明顯效果。
太(tai)陽能(neng)電池選(xuan)擇技巧
1、太陽能電池蓄電池容量的選擇
由(you)于太陽能光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)輸入能量極不(bu)穩定,所(suo)以一般需(xu)要配置蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)才(cai)能工作,太陽能燈具也不(bu)例外,必須配置蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)才(cai)能工作。一般有(you)鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、Ni-Cd蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、Ni-H蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),它們的(de)容量選擇直接影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)可靠性以及系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)價格。
蓄電池容(rong)(rong)量的(de)選擇一般(ban)要(yao)遵循以下原(yuan)則:首先在(zai)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)夜(ye)(ye)晚照明(ming)的(de)前提下,把(ba)白天(tian)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)組件的(de)能(neng)(neng)量盡量存(cun)儲下來,同時(shi)還要(yao)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)存(cun)儲滿足(zu)連續陰雨天(tian)夜(ye)(ye)晚照明(ming)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)電能(neng)(neng)。蓄(xu)電池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量過小不(bu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)夜(ye)(ye)晚照明(ming)的(de)需(xu)要(yao),蓄(xu)電池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量過大,一方面蓄(xu)電池(chi)始終(zhong)處(chu)在(zai)虧電狀態,影響蓄(xu)電池(chi)壽命,同時(shi)造成浪(lang)費。
2、太陽能電池封裝形式的選擇
目前太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)的封裝形(xing)(xing)式(shi)主要(yao)有(you)2種,層壓(ya)(ya)和滴(di)膠。層壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)藝可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作壽(shou)命25年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),滴(di)膠雖然當時(shi)美觀,但(dan)是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作壽(shou)命僅(jin)僅(jin)1~2年(nian)(nian)。因此,1W以(yi)(yi)(yi)下的小功(gong)率太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)草坪燈在沒有(you)過高壽(shou)命要(yao)求的情況下,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使用(yong)滴(di)膠封裝形(xing)(xing)式(shi),對于使用(yong)年(nian)(nian)限有(you)規定的太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)燈,建議使用(yong)層壓(ya)(ya)的封裝形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。另外,有(you)一種硅凝膠用(yong)于滴(di)膠封裝太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池(chi),據說工(gong)作壽(shou)命可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)到10年(nian)(nian)。
3、太陽能電池功率的選擇
我們所說的太陽能電池輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率Wp是(shi)標(biao)準太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),即:歐洲(zhou)委員會(hui)(hui)定義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)101標(biao)準,輻(fu)射強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)1000W/m2,大(da)氣(qi)質量AM1.5,電池溫度(du)(du)(du)25℃條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)條(tiao)件(jian)大(da)約和平時晴(qing)天中午前(qian)后的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)照條(tiao)件(jian)差不(bu)多(duo),(在(zai)長江下(xia)游地區只能(neng)接近這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)值)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)并不(bu)像有些人想象的(de)(de)(de)那樣,只要有陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)就會(hui)(hui)有額(e)定輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率,甚(shen)至認為太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池在(zai)夜晚日光(guang)燈(deng)下(xia)也可(ke)以正常(chang)使用。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就是(shi)說,太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率是(shi)隨機的(de)(de)(de),在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian),不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)地點,同樣一(yi)塊太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)功率是(shi)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)美觀和節能(neng)兩者之間(jian),大(da)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)都選擇節能(neng)。在(zai)長江下(xia)游太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電池的(de)(de)(de)最理想傾斜角度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)40度(du)(du)(du)左右(you),方向為正南方。
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