太陽能電池的選擇方法

1、我們(men)選(xuan)購(gou)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)時，關注的(de)重點就是太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)片的(de)功率(lv)。一般來(lai)說，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)板(ban)的(de)功率(lv)跟太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)晶片的(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)成正比(bi)。太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池(chi)(chi)晶片的(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)不(bu)完(wan)全等同于太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)封裝面(mian)(mian)板(ban)的(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)，因為有的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)雖然大，單太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)晶片排列的(de)縫隙很寬，這樣的(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)功率(lv)不(bu)一定高。

2、一(yi)(yi)般來說(shuo)，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)面板的(de)(de)功(gong)率是越大越好，這樣(yang)在(zai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光下產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)大，能(neng)很快將其內置電池充(chong)滿。但在(zai)現實中(zhong)，需要太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)面板的(de)(de)功(gong)率和太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)便攜(xie)性(xing)中(zhong)找一(yi)(yi)個平衡點。通常認為太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)功(gong)率最小不(bu)能(neng)低于0.75w，次(ci)功(gong)率的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)板在(zai)標準強光下有140mA的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)產生(sheng)。在(zai)一(yi)(yi)般陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光下產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)在(zai)100mA左右，如果(guo)(guo)低于次(ci)功(gong)率充(chong)電電流(liu)(liu)過小，基(ji)本上不(bu)會(hui)有明(ming)顯效果(guo)(guo)。

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太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電池選擇技巧

1、太陽能電池蓄電池容量的選擇

由于太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏發電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的輸入(ru)能(neng)量極(ji)不穩定，所以一(yi)般(ban)需要配置(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)工作(zuo)，太(tai)陽能(neng)燈(deng)具也不例(li)外，必須配置(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)工作(zuo)。一(yi)般(ban)有鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、Ni-Cd蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、Ni-H蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，它們的容量選擇直(zhi)接影響系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的可靠(kao)性以及系(xi)(xi)統(tong)價格。

蓄電池容量(liang)的(de)(de)選擇一般要(yao)遵循以下原則：首先在能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足夜晚(wan)(wan)照明的(de)(de)前(qian)提下，把白天太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)盡量(liang)存儲(chu)(chu)下來，同時還要(yao)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)存儲(chu)(chu)滿足連續陰雨天夜晚(wan)(wan)照明需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)。蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)過小不能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足夜晚(wan)(wan)照明的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)過大(da)，一方面蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)始終處在虧電(dian)狀態，影(ying)響蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽命，同時造成浪費。

2、太陽能電池封裝形式的選擇

目前太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池的封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形式(shi)主要有2種(zhong)，層(ceng)壓和滴(di)膠(jiao)(jiao)。層(ceng)壓工(gong)藝可(ke)(ke)以保證(zheng)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池工(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)25年(nian)(nian)以上，滴(di)膠(jiao)(jiao)雖(sui)然當時美觀，但是太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池工(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)僅(jin)僅(jin)1~2年(nian)(nian)。因此，1W以下的小(xiao)功率(lv)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)草坪燈在沒有過高壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)要求的情況(kuang)下，可(ke)(ke)以使(shi)用(yong)滴(di)膠(jiao)(jiao)封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形式(shi)，對于使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)(nian)限有規定(ding)的太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)燈，建議使(shi)用(yong)層(ceng)壓的封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)形式(shi)。另外，有一種(zhong)硅(gui)凝膠(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)于滴(di)膠(jiao)(jiao)封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池，據說(shuo)工(gong)作(zuo)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)可(ke)(ke)以達(da)到10年(nian)(nian)。

3、太陽能電池功率的選擇

我們所說的太陽能電池輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率Wp是(shi)(shi)(shi)標(biao)準太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下，即：歐洲委員會定義的(de)(de)(de)101標(biao)準，輻射強度(du)1000W/m2，大(da)氣質(zhi)量(liang)AM1.5，電(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)25℃條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率。這個(ge)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)約和平時晴天(tian)中午前(qian)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)照(zhao)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)差不(bu)多，（在(zai)長(chang)江(jiang)下游地區只能(neng)(neng)接近(jin)這個(ge)數值）這并(bing)不(bu)像有些人(ren)想象的(de)(de)(de)那樣(yang)，只要有陽(yang)光(guang)就(jiu)會有額(e)定輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率，甚至認為太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)夜晚(wan)日光(guang)燈下也(ye)可以(yi)正常使用。這就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率是(shi)(shi)(shi)隨機的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)，不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)，同樣(yang)一塊(kuai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)美(mei)觀(guan)和節能(neng)(neng)兩者之(zhi)間(jian)，大(da)多數都(dou)選(xuan)擇節能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)長(chang)江(jiang)下游太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最理想傾斜角度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)40度(du)左右，方向為正南方。