一、制冷劑種類有哪些
制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)熱機(ji)(ji)中借以完成(cheng)能(neng)量轉化(hua)的(de)(de)媒介物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi),也是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)中完成(cheng)熱力循(xun)環的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi),機(ji)(ji)器設備工(gong)(gong)作時會(hui)散發熱量,制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)能(neng)在低溫下吸取(qu)被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)熱量,然后在較高(gao)溫度(du)下轉移給冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)水或空氣(qi)。制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)眾多(duo),不(bu)同種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)有(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)代號,一般(ban)遵(zun)循(xun)美國供暖制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)協會(hui)于1967年制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)標準,采(cai)用將制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)的(de)(de)代號同它的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)屬和化(hua)學構(gou)成(cheng)聯系起來的(de)(de)命名方法(fa),可(ke)分為三類(lei):1、無機(ji)(ji)化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu),編號方法(fa)為R7XX(XX——無機(ji)(ji)化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)分子量),有(you)氨制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)、二氧化(hua)碳(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)、水等。2、有(you)機(ji)(ji)化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu),主要是(shi)氟(fu)(fu)利昂,是(shi)甲烷和乙烷的(de)(de)衍(yan)生物(wu)(wu)(wu),用氟(fu)(fu)、氯和溴(xiu)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)子代替原(yuan)(yuan)來化(hua)合物(wu)(wu)(wu)中的(de)(de)全部(bu)或一部(bu)分氫(qing)原(yuan)(yuan)子,有(you)R12、R22、R-134a等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。3、混合工(gong)(gong)質(zhi),即兩種(zhong)(zhong)或兩種(zhong)(zhong)以上(shang)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)按一定(ding)的(de)(de)比(bi)例混合而成(cheng)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji),包括共沸制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)、非(fei)共沸制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)、碳(tan)氫(qing)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
二、氟利昂制冷還是制熱
制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)種(zhong)類眾多,氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)(ang)就(jiu)是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)比較(jiao)常用的一(yi)種(zhong),由于氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)(ang)具有較(jiao)強(qiang)的化學穩定性、熱(re)(re)穩定性、表(biao)面張(zhang)力小、汽液(ye)兩相變化容(rong)易、無毒、親油、價廉(lian)等(deng),被廣泛應(ying)用于制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、發(fa)泡(pao)、溶劑(ji)(ji)、噴(pen)霧劑(ji)(ji)、電子元件(jian)的清洗等(deng)行(xing)業中(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)常用的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)。氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)(ang)除了(le)用來制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)以外(wai),也是(shi)可以制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)的,都是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)傳遞的方法(fa),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)(ang)在(zai)蒸發(fa)器(qi)汽化吸熱(re)(re),使蒸發(fa)器(qi)的內(nei)(nei)能減少(shao),溫度降低;制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)則(ze)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)液(ye)化放熱(re)(re),使冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)能增加(jia),溫度升高。氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)(ang)既能制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)又能制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re),但是(shi)這要求風冷(leng)(leng)(leng)系(xi)統(tong)上有一(yi)個四通(tong)閥,能讓(rang)蒸發(fa)器(qi)和冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)對調,從(cong)而使室內(nei)(nei)吸收(shou)熱(re)(re)量室外(wai)放出(chu)熱(re)(re)量變成(cheng)室內(nei)(nei)發(fa)出(chu)熱(re)(re)量室外(wai)吸收(shou)熱(re)(re)量,實(shi)現制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)功(gong)能。
三、空調制冷劑怎么加
空調制冷劑是空調制冷系統中傳遞熱量的媒介,沒有它,熱量就無法進行有效的交換,空調也不能制冷或制熱,因此就需要加制冷劑,一般稱之為加氟。空調加氟的方法是:1、加氟管連接上氟瓶、修理表,拆下空調三通修理閥帽并將加氟管套上工藝口,然后排出氟管與氟表中空氣約5秒鐘后,擰緊加氟管至頂開三通閥芯。2、啟動空調壓縮機,通過氟瓶和制冷系統間的壓力差將制冷劑加入,如果制冷系統已經預先抽出空氣呈現真空狀態,應該在停機狀態下進行加氟。3、需觀察壓力表的上指示出的壓力變化,通過不間斷的充氟使得壓力表指針維持在空調標注的加氟量范圍中。4、試運行一段時間,空調運轉正常說明空調加氟成功。給空調加制冷劑注意要選擇好的制冷劑品牌,以免損壞空(kong)調(diao)的壓縮機。
四、汽車制冷劑多久換一次
一(yi)般(ban)(ban)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)期較長,普通(tong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)可(ke)實現(xian)五年再加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),制冷效果相(xiang)對較好(hao)。如果一(yi)些品質不太好(hao)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)期則相(xiang)對較短(duan),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)兩(liang)年以內就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)去專業(ye)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)維(wei)修(xiu)店里加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),而一(yi)些性能很好(hao)的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)期則更長,可(ke)以實現(xian)八年再去空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)。大家(jia)可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)觀察空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)正常運轉時(shi)(shi)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)孔(kong)內的(de)(de)氣泡情(qing)況來(lai)判斷自己的(de)(de)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)是否(fou)需要(yao)(yao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),如果玻(bo)璃(li)(li)孔(kong)中(zhong)持續有(you)氣泡這(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)氟(fu)量已經不足需要(yao)(yao)及時(shi)(shi)補充,而玻(bo)璃(li)(li)孔(kong)中(zhong)沒有(you)氣泡則需要(yao)(yao)排放一(yi)定量的(de)(de)氟(fu),這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)氟(fu)過(guo)量了,玻(bo)璃(li)(li)孔(kong)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)短(duan)暫氣泡這(zhe)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)此時(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)的(de)(de)氟(fu)量處(chu)于正常范圍。