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組裝電腦行業簡介

自己組裝電腦配件清單

1、主板

主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)承(cheng)載著CPU(即中央處理(li)器(qi)(qi))、內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(隨機(ji)(ji)存(cun)取存(cun)儲器(qi)(qi))和(he)為(wei)擴(kuo)展卡(ka)提供的(de)插(cha)槽(可是(shi)(shi)(shi)CPU和(he)內(nei)(nei)存(cun)并不是(shi)(shi)(shi)集成在主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)，不是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)的(de)附件，本身也屬(shu)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)腦硬件)主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)，又叫主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)板(ban)(ban)(mainboard)、系(xi)(xi)統板(ban)(ban)(systemboard)或(huo)母板(ban)(ban)(motherboard);它安裝在機(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)微(wei)機(ji)(ji)最(zui)基本的(de)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)重要的(de)部件之一(yi)。主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)一(yi)般為(wei)矩形電(dian)(dian)路板(ban)(ban)，上(shang)面安裝了組成計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要電(dian)(dian)路系(xi)(xi)統，一(yi)般有BIOS芯片、I/O控(kong)制芯片、鍵盤和(he)面板(ban)(ban)控(kong)制開關接(jie)(jie)口、指示燈(deng)插(cha)接(jie)(jie)件、擴(kuo)充插(cha)槽、主(zhu)板(ban)(ban)及插(cha)卡(ka)的(de)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)接(jie)(jie)插(cha)件等元件。

2、顯卡

顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡全稱顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接口卡(Video card，Graphics card)，又(you)稱為顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適配器(Video adapter)，顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器配置(zhi)卡簡(jian)稱為顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡，是(shi)(shi)個(ge)人(ren)電腦最基(ji)本(ben)組成部分之一。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡的(de)(de)用途是(shi)(shi)將計(ji)算機(ji)系統(tong)所需(xu)要的(de)(de)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)息進行(xing)轉(zhuan)換驅動，并向顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器提(ti)供行(xing)掃(sao)描信(xin)號，控(kong)制顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器的(de)(de)正確顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)連接顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器和(he)個(ge)人(ren)電腦主(zhu)板的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要元件，是(shi)(shi)“人(ren)機(ji)對(dui)話”的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要設備之一。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡作為電腦主(zhu)機(ji)里的(de)(de)一個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要組成部分，承擔輸(shu)出(chu)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)形(xing)的(de)(de)任(ren)務，對(dui)于從事專業圖(tu)形(xing)設計(ji)的(de)(de)人(ren)來說(shuo)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卡非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)要。

3、CPU

中(zhong)(zhong)央處(chu)理(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(英文Central Processing Unit，CPU)是(shi)(shi)一臺(tai)計(ji)(ji)算機的運算核心和控制(zhi)核心。CPU、內部存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和輸入/輸出(chu)設(she)備是(shi)(shi)電子計(ji)(ji)算機三大(da)核心部件。其功能主要是(shi)(shi)解(jie)釋計(ji)(ji)算機指(zhi)令(ling)以及(ji)處(chu)理(li)計(ji)(ji)算機軟件中(zhong)(zhong)的數據。CPU由運算器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和寄(ji)存(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)實(shi)現(xian)它們之間聯(lian)系(xi)的數據、控制(zhi)及(ji)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的總線構成。差不(bu)多所有的CPU的運作原理(li)可(ke)分為(wei)四個階段：提取(Fetch)、解(jie)碼(ma)(Decode)、執行(Execute)和寫(xie)回(Writeback)。CPU從存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或高(gao)速(su)緩沖(chong)存(cun)儲(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)取出(chu)指(zhi)令(ling)，放(fang)入指(zhi)令(ling)寄(ji)存(cun)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，并(bing)對指(zhi)令(ling)譯碼(ma)，并(bing)執行指(zhi)令(ling)。所謂的計(ji)(ji)算機的可(ke)編(bian)程性主要是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)對CPU的編(bian)程。

4、內存

組裝(zhuang)電腦需(xu)要(yao)哪些配件？內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)不可少的(de)(de)(de)，內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件之一，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)與CPU進(jin)行溝通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁(liang)。計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)所有程序的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行都是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)，因此內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)性能對計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)非常大(da)。內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)(Memory)也(ye)(ye)被(bei)稱為(wei)內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器，其作用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)于暫時存(cun)(cun)放CPU中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)算(suan)(suan)(suan)數(shu)據，以及與硬盤等(deng)外(wai)部(bu)存(cun)(cun)儲(chu)器交換的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據。只要(yao)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)(zhong)，CPU就會把(ba)需(xu)要(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)算(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據調(diao)到內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，當運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)算(suan)(suan)(suan)完成(cheng)(cheng)后CPU再將結果傳送(song)出來(lai)，內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行也(ye)(ye)決定了計(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行。內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由內(nei)(nei)存(cun)(cun)芯片、電路(lu)板、金(jin)手指(zhi)等(deng)部(bu)分組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。

5、硬盤

硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)(港(gang)臺(tai)稱(cheng)之為硬(ying)碟，英文名：Hard Disc Drive簡稱(cheng)HDD全(quan)名溫徹(che)斯特式硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan))是(shi)電腦主要(yao)的存(cun)儲媒(mei)介之一，由(you)一個或者多個鋁制(zhi)或者玻璃制(zhi)的碟片(pian)(pian)組(zu)成。這些(xie)碟片(pian)(pian)外覆蓋有鐵磁性材料。絕(jue)大(da)多數硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)都是(shi)固定(ding)硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)，被(bei)永久性地密封固定(ding)在硬(ying)盤(pan)(pan)驅動器中。

6、機箱

機箱作為電腦配件中的一部分，它起的主要作用是放置和固定各電腦配件，起到一個承托和保護作用，此外，電腦機箱具有電磁輻射的屏蔽的重要作用，由于機箱不像CPU、顯卡、主板等配件能迅速提高整機性能，所以在DIY中一直不被列為重點考慮對象。但是機箱也并不是好無作用，一些用戶買了雜牌機箱后，因為主板和機箱形成回路，導致短路，使系統變得很不穩定。為了更好的質量和使用壽命，建議大家選購十大組裝電腦(nao)品牌店的產品。

7、電源

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)power source電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置。臺(tai)式機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)把220V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，轉換成(cheng)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并專門(men)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦配件如主板、驅動(dong)器、顯卡等供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)設備。臺(tai)式機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦各部件供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)樞(shu)紐，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成(cheng)部分。目(mu)前PC電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)大都是(shi)(shi)開關(guan)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

8、散熱器

散熱器(qi)(qi)是用來傳導、釋放熱量的一系列裝(zhuang)置的統稱(cheng)。目前散熱器(qi)(qi)主要(yao)有采(cai)暖散熱器(qi)(qi)、計(ji)算機(ji)散熱器(qi)(qi)，其中(zhong)采(cai)散熱器(qi)(qi)又可根據(ju)材質(zhi)和工作模式(shi)分為若(ruo)干種，計(ji)算機(ji)散熱器(qi)(qi)可根據(ju)用途和安(an)裝(zhuang)方法(fa)分為若(ruo)干種。

9、光驅

光(guang)驅(qu)是在臺式機和筆記本便攜(xie)式電腦里的(de)一個部件。隨著多(duo)媒體(ti)的(de)應用越來越廣泛，使得光(guang)驅(qu)在計(ji)算機諸(zhu)多(duo)配件中已經成為標準配置。目前，光(guang)驅(qu)可分為CD-ROM驅(qu)動器、DVD光(guang)驅(qu)(DVD-ROM)、康寶(COMBO)和刻錄機等。

10、顯示器

顯示(shi)器分普通LED、IPS廣視角(jiao)，顯示(shi)器是(shi)用(yong)戶(hu)與電腦進行交流的(de)必(bi)不(bu)可少的(de)設備，顯示(shi)器到目前為止概(gai)念上(shang)還(huan)沒有統一(yi)的(de)說(shuo)法，但(dan)對其認(ren)識卻大都相同，顧名(ming)思義，它應該是(shi)將一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)電子文件通過特定(ding)(ding)的(de)傳(chuan)輸設備顯示(shi)到屏幕上(shang)再反射(she)到人眼(yan)的(de)一(yi)種顯示(shi)工具。

11、鼠標

鼠(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)是(shi)計算機輸入(ru)設(she)備的(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，分有線和無線兩種。也是(shi)計算機顯示(shi)系統縱橫坐標(biao)(biao)(biao)定位的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)器(qi)，因形(xing)似老(lao)鼠(shu)而得名“鼠(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)”(港臺作滑鼠(shu))。“鼠(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)”的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準稱呼應該是(shi)“鼠(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)器(qi)”，英(ying)文名“Mouse”。鼠(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)是(shi)為了使(shi)計算機的(de)(de)操作更加簡(jian)便，來(lai)代替(ti)鍵盤那(nei)繁瑣的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)令。

12、鍵盤

鍵(jian)盤用于操作(zuo)設(she)(she)備(bei)運行的一種(zhong)指(zhi)令和數據輸入(ru)裝置。也(ye)指(zhi)經過系(xi)統(tong)安排操作(zuo)一臺機器或設(she)(she)備(bei)的一組功(gong)能鍵(jian)(如打(da)字機、電(dian)腦鍵(jian)盤)。

13、聲卡

聲(sheng)卡(Sound Card)也叫(jiao)音頻卡(港(gang)臺稱之為聲(sheng)效卡)：聲(sheng)卡是多(duo)媒體技術中最基本的(de)組成(cheng)部分，是實現聲(sheng)波/數字信號相互轉(zhuan)換的(de)一種(zhong)硬件。聲(sheng)卡的(de)基本功能是把來自話(hua)筒、磁帶、光盤的(de)原始聲(sheng)音信號加以轉(zhuan)換，輸(shu)出(chu)到耳(er)機(ji)、揚聲(sheng)器(qi)、擴音機(ji)、錄音機(ji)等聲(sheng)響(xiang)設備(bei)，或通過音樂設備(bei)數字接口(MIDI)使樂器(qi)發(fa)出(chu)美(mei)妙的(de)聲(sheng)音。