一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬季,北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)市(shi)會(hui)采(cai)(cai)取集中(zhong)(zhong)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)為住宅(zhai)供熱采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)(shi)集中(zhong)(zhong)集團(tuan)式(shi)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形式(shi),供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)劃分(fen)片(pian)區(qu),施工鋪(pu)管至每(mei)家每(mei)戶(hu),業(ye)主(zhu)需要在規定(ding)(ding)時間到(dao)指定(ding)(ding)地(di)點繳費,然后由單位安(an)排試壓,等(deng)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)降下來(lai)以后,統一(yi)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)是(shi)(shi)設定(ding)(ding)好的(de)(de)(de)(de),不管是(shi)(shi)否(fou)需要,都是(shi)(shi)全(quan)(quan)天供熱的(de)(de)(de)(de),若業(ye)主(zhu)發(fa)現室內溫(wen)(wen)度(du)達不到(dao)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準,可申請退款。集中(zhong)(zhong)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi),存在管網(wang)熱損失、管路輸(shu)送能(neng)耗(hao)、初期建設成本高等(deng)不利因素,且由于(yu)建設或運(yun)行管理(li)水平原因會(hui)造成冷(leng)熱不均的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,但從大環境講,對北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區(qu)來(lai)說,天氣(qi)比較冷(leng),需要供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集中(zhong)(zhong)供暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)(shi)比較經濟節能(neng)、安(an)全(quan)(quan)環保的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統形式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們生活質(zhi)量及(ji)知識水平的(de)提(ti)(ti)高,人(ren)們的(de)節能(neng)環保意識不斷提(ti)(ti)升,為了提(ti)(ti)高資源的(de)利(li)用(yong)率(lv),減(jian)少污(wu)染排(pai)放,需要(yao)嚴(yan)格要(yao)求供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)各個(ge)環節。供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖系統(tong)節能(neng)的(de)主要(yao)途徑(jing)和措(cuo)施有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源方面:選擇合適的(de)鍋(guo)爐設備、提(ti)(ti)高操作技(ji)術、運用(yong)新的(de)節能(neng)技(ji)術。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網方面:采用(yong)平衡(heng)調節技(ji)術、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)術,實現熱(re)(re)(re)力(li)管網的(de)水力(li)平衡(heng),減(jian)少供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管道(dao)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗(hao)(hao),加(jia)(jia)強供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)全程(cheng)監測,定(ding)期維護管理供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設備。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)方面:讓用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)逐漸樹立良好的(de)觀念,做到(dao)經濟取暖;推廣(guang)分戶(hu)(hu)雙(shuang)管系統(tong),實施熱(re)(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)(hu)、計量收費;加(jia)(jia)強節能(neng)培訓(xun)工作力(li)度(du),提(ti)(ti)高節能(neng)減(jian)耗(hao)(hao)意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱(re)采暖(nuan)(nuan)是按面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)的(de),一般以房屋(wu)所有權證標明的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為準,對(dui)未列(lie)入房屋(wu)所有權證的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(贈送(song)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji))部分(fen),有供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)應予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),無供(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)不予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),公攤(tan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)屬(shu)于建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)部分(fen),因此(ci)也(ye)要收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),具(ju)體的(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)標準是:室內(nei)(nei)凈高在(zai)2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(含(han)2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi))以下的(de),按房屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈高在(zai)2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(含(han)2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi))以下的(de),按房屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈高在(zai)2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,按房屋(wu)實(shi)際(ji)套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。