一、什么是集中供暖
在寒(han)冷的(de)(de)冬季,北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)城市會采取集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)式為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采暖(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan),實際上是(shi)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)(ji)團式供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形(xing)式,供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)企業劃分片區(qu),施(shi)工鋪管(guan)(guan)至每家每戶,業主(zhu)需要在規定(ding)時(shi)間到(dao)指(zhi)定(ding)地點繳費,然后(hou)由單(dan)位(wei)安排(pai)試壓,等氣(qi)溫(wen)降下(xia)來以后(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)設(she)定(ding)好的(de)(de),不管(guan)(guan)是(shi)否需要,都是(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發現室內溫(wen)度達不到(dao)約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)標準(zhun),可申(shen)請退(tui)款。集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)主(zhu)要采用地暖(nuan)形(xing)式,存在管(guan)(guan)網熱損失(shi)、管(guan)(guan)路輸送能耗、初期建設(she)成(cheng)本高等不利因素(su),且由于建設(she)或運行(xing)管(guan)(guan)理水平原因會造(zao)成(cheng)冷熱不均的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang),但從(cong)大環(huan)境(jing)講,對北(bei)方(fang)地區(qu)來說,天氣(qi)比(bi)較(jiao)冷,需要供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)時(shi)間長,集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)經濟節能、安全環(huan)保的(de)(de)采暖(nuan)系(xi)統形(xing)式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活質量及知(zhi)識水(shui)平的(de)(de)提(ti)高,人們的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)環保意識不斷(duan)提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高資源(yuan)的(de)(de)利用率(lv),減少污染排放(fang),需要嚴格要求供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)系統(tong)(tong)各(ge)個(ge)環節(jie)(jie)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)采暖(nuan)系統(tong)(tong)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)的(de)(de)主要途徑(jing)和措施有:1、熱(re)(re)源(yuan)方面:選擇合適的(de)(de)鍋爐設(she)備(bei)、提(ti)高操作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)術、運用新(xin)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)技(ji)(ji)術。2、熱(re)(re)網方面:采用平衡調節(jie)(jie)技(ji)(ji)術、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)(ji)術,實(shi)現熱(re)(re)力管(guan)網的(de)(de)水(shui)力平衡,減少供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)道的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)損耗(hao)(hao),加強供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)能(neng)耗(hao)(hao)全程(cheng)監(jian)測(ce),定(ding)期維(wei)護(hu)管(guan)理供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)用戶(hu)方面:讓用戶(hu)逐漸樹立良好的(de)(de)觀(guan)念,做(zuo)到經濟取暖(nuan);推廣分戶(hu)雙管(guan)系統(tong)(tong),實(shi)施熱(re)(re)表到戶(hu)、計量收費;加強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)培訓工作(zuo)力度,提(ti)高節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減耗(hao)(hao)意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖是按(an)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de),一般(ban)以(yi)(yi)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權(quan)證標(biao)明(ming)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權(quan)證的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji))部(bu)分,有供暖設施的(de)(de)應予收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),無(wu)供暖設施的(de)(de)不予收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)部(bu)分,因此也(ye)要收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),具體的(de)(de)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是:室內(nei)凈高在(zai)(zai)2.2米(含2.2米)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)凈高在(zai)(zai)2.2米以(yi)(yi)上,2.7米(含2.7米)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)凈高在(zai)(zai)2.7米以(yi)(yi)上,按(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)實際套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。