一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷(leng)的(de)冬季,北方(fang)的(de)城市會采取集(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)形(xing)式為(wei)住(zhu)宅供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)采暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實(shi)際上是集(ji)(ji)(ji)中集(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)式供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)一種形(xing)式,供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企業劃分片區,施工鋪管(guan)至每家每戶,業主(zhu)需要在規定(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)到(dao)指(zhi)定(ding)地(di)點繳(jiao)費,然后(hou)(hou)由單位安(an)排試(shi)壓,等氣溫降下來以后(hou)(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)溫度(du)是設定(ding)好的(de),不管(guan)是否需要,都是全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)的(de),若業主(zhu)發現室內溫度(du)達不到(dao)約定(ding)的(de)標準,可申請(qing)退款。集(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要采用地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式,存在管(guan)網熱(re)(re)損失(shi)、管(guan)路輸送(song)能耗、初期建(jian)設成本高(gao)等不利因(yin)素,且(qie)由于建(jian)設或(huo)運行管(guan)理水(shui)平原(yuan)因(yin)會造成冷(leng)熱(re)(re)不均的(de)情況,但從(cong)大環境講,對北方(fang)地(di)區來說,天氣比(bi)較(jiao)冷(leng),需要供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長,集(ji)(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是比(bi)較(jiao)經濟節能、安(an)全(quan)環保的(de)采暖(nuan)(nuan)系(xi)統形(xing)式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活質量(liang)(liang)及知識(shi)水平的提(ti)高(gao),人們的節(jie)能環保(bao)意識(shi)不(bu)斷提(ti)升,為了(le)提(ti)高(gao)資源(yuan)的利用率,減(jian)少污(wu)染排放,需要(yao)嚴格要(yao)求供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)各個環節(jie)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖系(xi)統(tong)(tong)節(jie)能的主要(yao)途徑和(he)措施有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方(fang)面(mian):選(xuan)擇合(he)適的鍋(guo)爐設(she)備(bei)、提(ti)高(gao)操作(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)、運(yun)用新的節(jie)能技(ji)術(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網方(fang)面(mian):采用平衡(heng)調(diao)節(jie)技(ji)術(shu)、聚氨酯(zhi)保(bao)溫直埋(mai)技(ji)術(shu),實(shi)現熱(re)(re)(re)力管網的水力平衡(heng),減(jian)少供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管道的熱(re)(re)(re)損耗,加強供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能耗全(quan)程監測,定期維護管理供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用戶(hu)方(fang)面(mian):讓用戶(hu)逐漸樹立良好的觀念,做到經濟取暖;推廣分戶(hu)雙(shuang)管系(xi)統(tong)(tong),實(shi)施熱(re)(re)(re)表到戶(hu)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)收費;加強節(jie)能培訓工作(zuo)(zuo)力度(du),提(ti)高(gao)節(jie)能減(jian)耗意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)(gong)熱采暖(nuan)是(shi)按面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的,一般以(yi)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權證標明的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為準(zhun)(zhun),對未列入房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權證的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(贈(zeng)送面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))部分,有供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)設(she)(she)施的應予收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),無供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)設(she)(she)施的不予收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)屬于(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)部分,因此也要收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),具體的收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)標準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi):室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2.2米(含2.2米)以(yi)下的,按房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2.2米以(yi)上(shang),2.7米(含2.7米)以(yi)下的,按房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2.7米以(yi)上(shang),按房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)實際套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。