一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)季,北方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)城市會采(cai)取集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集中(zhong)集團式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)一種形式(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業劃分(fen)片(pian)區(qu),施工鋪管(guan)至每家每戶,業主(zhu)需(xu)要在(zai)(zai)規定時(shi)間到(dao)指定地(di)(di)點繳費,然后由(you)(you)單位安(an)排試壓(ya),等氣(qi)溫(wen)降(jiang)下來(lai)以后,統一供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)設定好的(de)(de)(de),不管(guan)是(shi)否需(xu)要,都是(shi)全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)熱的(de)(de)(de),若(ruo)業主(zhu)發現室內(nei)溫(wen)度達不到(dao)約定的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準,可申(shen)請退款。集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要采(cai)用地(di)(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)形式(shi)(shi),存在(zai)(zai)管(guan)網(wang)熱損失(shi)、管(guan)路輸送能耗、初(chu)期建設成本高等不利因素,且由(you)(you)于建設或運行管(guan)理水平原因會造成冷(leng)熱不均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)情況,但從大環境(jing)講,對北方(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)來(lai)說,天氣(qi)比(bi)較(jiao)冷(leng),需(xu)要供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時(shi)間長,集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)經濟節能、安(an)全(quan)環保的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系統形式(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們(men)生活質(zhi)量(liang)及(ji)知識(shi)水平的(de)提高(gao)(gao),人(ren)們(men)的(de)節(jie)(jie)能環保(bao)意(yi)識(shi)不斷提升,為了提高(gao)(gao)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)率(lv),減少污染排放,需要(yao)嚴(yan)格要(yao)求供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)各個環節(jie)(jie)。供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采(cai)暖系(xi)統(tong)節(jie)(jie)能的(de)主要(yao)途徑和(he)措施有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方面(mian):選(xuan)擇合適的(de)鍋爐設備、提高(gao)(gao)操作技(ji)(ji)術、運用(yong)(yong)新(xin)的(de)節(jie)(jie)能技(ji)(ji)術。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網(wang)方面(mian):采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平衡調節(jie)(jie)技(ji)(ji)術、聚氨酯保(bao)溫直埋技(ji)(ji)術,實現熱(re)(re)(re)力(li)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)水力(li)平衡,減少供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗(hao),加(jia)強供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能耗(hao)全程監測,定期維護管(guan)(guan)理供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設備。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方面(mian):讓用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐漸樹立良好的(de)觀念,做到經濟取暖;推廣分(fen)戶(hu)雙管(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong),實施熱(re)(re)(re)表到戶(hu)、計(ji)量(liang)收費;加(jia)強節(jie)(jie)能培訓工作力(li)度,提高(gao)(gao)節(jie)(jie)能減耗(hao)意(yi)識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱(re)采暖是(shi)按(an)(an)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)的,一(yi)般以(yi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權證(zheng)標明的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所有權證(zheng)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈(zeng)送面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji))部分,有供暖設施(shi)的應予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),無供暖設施(shi)的不予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),公攤(tan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)部分,因此也要收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei),具體的收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)標準(zhun)是(shi):室內凈高在(zai)2.2米(含2.2米)以(yi)下的,按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室內凈高在(zai)2.2米以(yi)上(shang),2.7米(含2.7米)以(yi)下的,按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)套內建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei);室內凈高在(zai)2.7米以(yi)上(shang),按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)實際套內建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。