一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷(leng)的(de)冬季(ji),北方(fang)的(de)城(cheng)市會采取集(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采暖(nuan),所謂的(de)集(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan),實(shi)際上是集(ji)(ji)中集(ji)(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)一(yi)種形(xing)(xing)式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)企業劃分片(pian)區,施工鋪管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)至每(mei)家(jia)每(mei)戶,業主需要(yao)(yao)在規(gui)定(ding)時間(jian)到(dao)指定(ding)地點(dian)繳費,然后由單位安(an)排試(shi)壓,等氣(qi)(qi)溫降(jiang)下(xia)來(lai)以后,統一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan);一(yi)般(ban)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)溫度是設定(ding)好的(de),不(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是否(fou)需要(yao)(yao),都是全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de),若業主發現室內溫度達不(bu)到(dao)約定(ding)的(de)標準,可申請退款。集(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)主要(yao)(yao)采用地暖(nuan)形(xing)(xing)式(shi),存在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)熱損失、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)輸送能(neng)耗、初(chu)期建設成本高等不(bu)利因素,且(qie)由于建設或運行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)水(shui)平原(yuan)因會造成冷(leng)熱不(bu)均的(de)情況,但從大環境講,對北方(fang)地區來(lai)說,天氣(qi)(qi)比(bi)(bi)較冷(leng),需要(yao)(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)時間(jian)長(chang),集(ji)(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)是比(bi)(bi)較經濟節能(neng)、安(an)全環保的(de)采暖(nuan)系統形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著(zhu)人們生活質量及知識水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)環保意識不(bu)斷提升,為了提高資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率,減少污染排放,需要(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求供熱(re)(re)系統各個環節(jie)。供熱(re)(re)采(cai)(cai)暖系統節(jie)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)途徑和措施有(you):1、熱(re)(re)源方面:選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)鍋(guo)爐設備(bei)、提高操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)術、運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)技(ji)術。2、熱(re)(re)網方面:采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平衡調節(jie)技(ji)術、聚(ju)氨酯(zhi)保溫直埋技(ji)術,實現熱(re)(re)力(li)管(guan)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)力(li)平衡,減少供熱(re)(re)管(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)損(sun)耗(hao),加強供熱(re)(re)能(neng)耗(hao)全程(cheng)監測(ce),定期維護管(guan)理供熱(re)(re)設備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方面:讓用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐漸樹(shu)立良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀念,做到(dao)經濟(ji)取暖;推廣分戶(hu)雙管(guan)系統,實施熱(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)、計量收費;加強節(jie)能(neng)培(pei)訓工作(zuo)力(li)度(du),提高節(jie)能(neng)減耗(hao)意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱(re)采暖是(shi)按面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費的(de)(de),一般以(yi)(yi)房(fang)屋(wu)所(suo)有(you)權證標明的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列(lie)入房(fang)屋(wu)所(suo)有(you)權證的(de)(de)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji))部(bu)分,有(you)供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)應(ying)予收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,無(wu)供(gong)暖設施的(de)(de)不予收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,公(gong)攤面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)屬(shu)于建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)部(bu)分,因此(ci)也要收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,具體的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費標準(zhun)是(shi):室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在(zai)(zai)2.2米(含(han)2.2米)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在(zai)(zai)2.2米以(yi)(yi)上(shang),2.7米(含(han)2.7米)以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de),按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在(zai)(zai)2.7米以(yi)(yi)上(shang),按房(fang)屋(wu)實際套內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。