一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)(de)冬(dong)季,北方(fang)的(de)(de)城市會采(cai)取集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)為住(zhu)宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實(shi)際上是(shi)集(ji)中集(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形(xing)式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業劃分(fen)片區,施工(gong)鋪管至每家(jia)每戶,業主(zhu)需要在規定時間到指定地點繳費(fei),然(ran)后(hou)由單位安(an)排(pai)試壓,等氣溫(wen)降(jiang)下(xia)來(lai)以后(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一般(ban)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)設(she)定好的(de)(de),不(bu)管是(shi)否需要,都是(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發現室內溫(wen)度達(da)不(bu)到約(yue)定的(de)(de)標準,可申(shen)請退(tui)款。集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要采(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式(shi),存在管網(wang)熱損失、管路(lu)輸送能耗、初(chu)期建(jian)設(she)成本高等不(bu)利因(yin)素(su),且由于(yu)建(jian)設(she)或運行管理水平原因(yin)會造成冷熱不(bu)均的(de)(de)情況,但從大(da)環(huan)境講,對北方(fang)地區來(lai)說(shuo),天氣比較冷,需要供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比較經濟節能、安(an)全環(huan)保(bao)的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統形(xing)式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們(men)(men)生活質量及(ji)知識水(shui)平的提(ti)高,人(ren)們(men)(men)的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保意(yi)識不斷提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高資源(yuan)的利用率,減少(shao)污染排(pai)放(fang),需要(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)系統各個環節(jie)。供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)系統節(jie)能(neng)(neng)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)途徑和措(cuo)施有(you):1、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方面:選(xuan)擇合適的鍋爐設備(bei)、提(ti)高操(cao)作技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、運用新的節(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)網方面:采(cai)用平衡調(diao)節(jie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯保溫直埋技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),實(shi)現(xian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)力管(guan)網的水(shui)力平衡,減少(shao)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)道的熱(re)(re)(re)(re)損耗,加(jia)強(qiang)供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗全程監測,定期維護(hu)管(guan)理供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)設備(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)用戶方面:讓用戶逐(zhu)漸樹立(li)良好(hao)的觀(guan)念,做到經(jing)濟(ji)取(qu)暖(nuan);推廣分(fen)戶雙管(guan)系統,實(shi)施熱(re)(re)(re)(re)表(biao)到戶、計(ji)量收費;加(jia)強(qiang)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)培(pei)訓(xun)工作力度,提(ti)高節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減耗意(yi)識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖是按(an)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de),一般以房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證標明(ming)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為準,對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證的(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)積(ji))部分,有供暖設(she)施(shi)的(de)應予(yu)收費(fei)(fei)(fei),無供暖設(she)施(shi)的(de)不予(yu)收費(fei)(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)屬于建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)部分,因此也要收費(fei)(fei)(fei),具體(ti)的(de)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)標準是:室內凈(jing)高(gao)(gao)在2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以下(xia)的(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套(tao)(tao)內建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)60%收費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內凈(jing)高(gao)(gao)在2.2米(mi)以上,2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以下(xia)的(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套(tao)(tao)內建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)90%收費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內凈(jing)高(gao)(gao)在2.7米(mi)以上,按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實際套(tao)(tao)內建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。