一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)寒冷的(de)(de)冬季(ji),北方(fang)的(de)(de)城市會(hui)采(cai)取集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實(shi)際上是(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)團式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形(xing)式(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)(ye)劃分(fen)片區(qu),施工鋪管(guan)至每家(jia)每戶,業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)規定時間到指(zhi)定地點繳費,然(ran)后(hou)由(you)單位安(an)排試壓(ya),等氣(qi)溫(wen)降下來以后(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度是(shi)(shi)設(she)定好(hao)的(de)(de),不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao),都是(shi)(shi)全天(tian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de)(de),若業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)發現室(shi)內溫(wen)度達不(bu)到約定的(de)(de)標(biao)準,可申(shen)請退款(kuan)。集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),存(cun)在(zai)管(guan)網熱(re)損(sun)失、管(guan)路輸送能耗(hao)、初期建(jian)設(she)成本高等不(bu)利(li)因素,且由(you)于建(jian)設(she)或運行(xing)管(guan)理水平原(yuan)因會(hui)造(zao)成冷熱(re)不(bu)均的(de)(de)情況,但從(cong)大環(huan)境講,對北方(fang)地區(qu)來說,天(tian)氣(qi)比較(jiao)冷,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)經濟節能、安(an)全環(huan)保的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系統形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們(men)生活(huo)質量(liang)及知識水平的(de)提高(gao)(gao),人們(men)的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)意識不斷(duan)提升,為(wei)了(le)提高(gao)(gao)資源(yuan)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)率,減(jian)少污染排放,需要嚴(yan)格要求供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統各個(ge)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)。供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖(nuan)系(xi)統節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)的(de)主要途徑和措施有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方(fang)面:選擇合適的(de)鍋爐設(she)備(bei)(bei)、提高(gao)(gao)操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)術、運用(yong)(yong)新的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)技(ji)術。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網方(fang)面:采用(yong)(yong)平衡(heng)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)技(ji)術、聚氨酯保(bao)溫直(zhi)埋(mai)技(ji)術,實(shi)現熱(re)(re)(re)力管網的(de)水力平衡(heng),減(jian)少供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管道的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗,加強供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)耗全程監測,定期維護管理供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設(she)備(bei)(bei)。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方(fang)面:讓(rang)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐(zhu)漸樹立良好的(de)觀念,做到(dao)經(jing)濟取暖(nuan);推廣分戶(hu)雙管系(xi)統,實(shi)施熱(re)(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)、計(ji)量(liang)收(shou)費;加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)培訓工作(zuo)力度,提高(gao)(gao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)耗意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱采暖(nuan)是按面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)的,一般以(yi)房(fang)屋(wu)所有(you)權證標(biao)明的建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)準(zhun),對未列入(ru)房(fang)屋(wu)所有(you)權證的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)積(ji))部(bu)分,有(you)供(gong)暖(nuan)設施的應予收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),無供(gong)暖(nuan)設施的不予收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)屬于(yu)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)部(bu)分,因此也要收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei),具體的收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是:室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在2.2米(mi)(含(han)2.2米(mi))以(yi)下的,按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在2.2米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),2.7米(mi)(含(han)2.7米(mi))以(yi)下的,按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei);室內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)高在2.7米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),按房(fang)屋(wu)實際套內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。