一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)冬季(ji),北方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)城市會采(cai)(cai)取集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式為住宅(zhai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)集(ji)團式供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種形(xing)式,供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企業劃分片(pian)區,施工鋪管至(zhi)每家每戶(hu),業主(zhu)(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要在(zai)規定(ding)時間(jian)到(dao)指定(ding)地(di)(di)點(dian)繳費,然(ran)后由(you)單位安排(pai)試壓,等氣溫降(jiang)下來(lai)以后,統一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般(ban)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)溫度是(shi)設(she)定(ding)好的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)管是(shi)否需(xu)(xu)要,都是(shi)全天(tian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de)(de)(de),若業主(zhu)(zhu)發現室內溫度達不(bu)到(dao)約定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun),可申請退(tui)款。集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)(zhu)要采(cai)(cai)用地(di)(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式,存在(zai)管網(wang)熱損失、管路(lu)輸(shu)送能(neng)(neng)耗、初期建設(she)成(cheng)本高等不(bu)利因(yin)素(su),且由(you)于建設(she)或運行(xing)管理(li)水平原因(yin)會造(zao)成(cheng)冷(leng)熱不(bu)均的(de)(de)(de)情況,但從(cong)大環境(jing)講,對北方(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)區來(lai)說,天(tian)氣比較冷(leng),需(xu)(xu)要供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)長,集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比較經濟節能(neng)(neng)、安全環保的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統形(xing)式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨(sui)著人(ren)們生活質量(liang)及知識水(shui)平的(de)提高(gao)(gao),人(ren)們的(de)節(jie)能環保意識不斷提升,為了提高(gao)(gao)資源的(de)利用(yong)率,減少污(wu)染排放,需(xu)要嚴格要求供(gong)熱系統(tong)(tong)各(ge)個環節(jie)。供(gong)熱采暖(nuan)系統(tong)(tong)節(jie)能的(de)主要途徑(jing)和措施有:1、熱源方(fang)(fang)面:選(xuan)擇(ze)合適的(de)鍋爐(lu)設備、提高(gao)(gao)操作技(ji)術、運用(yong)新的(de)節(jie)能技(ji)術。2、熱網方(fang)(fang)面:采用(yong)平衡調節(jie)技(ji)術、聚氨酯保溫直埋(mai)技(ji)術,實現熱力管網的(de)水(shui)力平衡,減少供(gong)熱管道的(de)熱損耗,加強供(gong)熱能耗全程監測,定期維護管理(li)供(gong)熱設備。3、熱用(yong)戶(hu)方(fang)(fang)面:讓用(yong)戶(hu)逐漸樹立良好的(de)觀念,做到(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)取暖(nuan);推廣分戶(hu)雙管系統(tong)(tong),實施熱表到(dao)戶(hu)、計量(liang)收費;加強節(jie)能培訓工作力度(du),提高(gao)(gao)節(jie)能減耗意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖是(shi)按(an)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)費的(de),一般以房屋所有權證標(biao)明的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列入房屋所有權證的(de)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(贈(zeng)送面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))部(bu)分(fen),有供暖設施的(de)應予收(shou)(shou)費,無供暖設施的(de)不(bu)予收(shou)(shou)費,公攤(tan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)屬于(yu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)部(bu)分(fen),因(yin)此也要(yao)收(shou)(shou)費,具(ju)體的(de)收(shou)(shou)費標(biao)準(zhun)是(shi):室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以下的(de),按(an)房屋套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.2米(mi)以上(shang),2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以下的(de),按(an)房屋套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.7米(mi)以上(shang),按(an)房屋實際套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)費。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。