一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)用來(lai)稱量物(wu)體重量的(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器(qi),它有(you)兩(liang)種原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):1、機(ji)械式天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):機(ji)械式天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)常說的(de)(de)(de)托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping),它的(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)主(zhu)要利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),確切(qie)來(lai)說,托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)等臂杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)橫梁就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan),在杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)小盤,左端(duan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)物(wu)體、右端(duan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)砝碼,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)中央(yang)裝有(you)指針,兩(liang)端(duan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時,兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(重量)相等,根據(ju)砝碼的(de)(de)(de)重量即可得(de)知物(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)重量。2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)和(he)托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)不同,它利(li)用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)補償平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),實質(zhi)也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),只是(shi)在杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)采(cai)用了電(dian)磁(ci)力(li),當稱盤上加載稱物(wu)m2時,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)偏離(li)零位(wei),此時零位(wei)指示器(qi)有(you)偏差信(xin)號(hao)(hao)產生,經過放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)器(qi)和(he)調節器(qi)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列(lie)轉換后,使線(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流I增大(da),電(dian)磁(ci)力(li)矩(ju)右也將一(yi)(yi)(yi)起增大(da),杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)回到(dao)原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位(wei)置,即天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)零位(wei),最后把電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)處理(li)成為數(shu)字信(xin)號(hao)(hao),數(shu)顯在顯示屏上。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)秤是(shi)用來測量物體重量的(de)衡器,它的(de)主要(yao)作用就是(shi)稱一(yi)些(xie)小計量物品(pin),一(yi)般(ban)用于科研機構、學校實驗室(shi)、藥店等(deng)場所,根據不同(tong)的(de)精度可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)、精密天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)和(he)分(fen)析天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping);除此之外,一(yi)些(xie)計量部門、商檢部門也會用天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)秤來檢查或校準(zhun)砝碼,這種稱為(wei)(wei)檢定天(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機(ji)械(xie)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用方法:(1)將托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置在(zai)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,游碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)指向紅色0刻(ke)度線(xian)。(2)調節(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡螺(luo)(luo)(luo)母(天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)母)調節(jie)零(ling)點直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)指針(zhen)(zhen)對準(zhun)(zhun)中央刻(ke)度線(xian)直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)位(wei)(wei)置平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡。(小口訣:放(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)移(yi)零(ling)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡,螺(luo)(luo)(luo)母調平(ping)(ping)(ping)反指針(zhen)(zhen)/走高端。)(3)左(zuo)托(tuo)盤放(fang)(fang)(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物,右(you)托(tuo)盤放(fang)(fang)(fang)砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。根據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性狀,放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)玻璃(li)器(qi)皿(min)或(huo)潔凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)上,事先(xian)應在(zai)同(tong)一天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻璃(li)器(qi)皿(min)或(huo)紙(zhi)(zhi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),然后(hou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)待稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物質(zhi)(zhi)。(4)砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)用鑷子(zi)夾取(qu),千萬(wan)不能把砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)弄濕、弄臟(這樣會讓砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)銹,砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變大(da),測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)果不準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)),游碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也要用鑷子(zi)撥動。(5)添加(jia)砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)從(cong)估計(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)值加(jia)起,逐步減(jian)小。托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準(zhun)(zhun)到(dao)0.1克。加(jia)減(jian)砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)并移(yi)動標(biao)尺(chi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),直(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)指針(zhen)(zhen)再次(ci)對準(zhun)(zhun)中央刻(ke)度線(xian)。(小口訣:先(xian)估后(hou)測,左(zuo)物右(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),由大(da)到(dao)小,后(hou)移(yi)游碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma))(6)過(guo)冷(leng)過(guo)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)不可放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),應先(xian)在(zai)干燥器(qi)內放(fang)(fang)(fang)置至(zhi)室溫(wen)后(hou)再稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝(fa)(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+游碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)標(biao)尺(chi)上所(suo)(suo)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度值。(M左(zuo)=M右(you)+M游)2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用方法:(1)調平(ping)(ping)(ping):多種天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)開機(ji)前,應觀察天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)部水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泡是否位(wei)(wei)于圓環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中央,否則通過(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)(luo)(luo)栓調節(jie),左(zuo)旋升高,右(you)旋下降。(2)預(yu)熱:天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)初次(ci)接通電(dian)源或(huo)長時(shi)(shi)間斷(duan)電(dian)后(hou)開機(ji)時(shi)(shi),至(zhi)少需要30分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)熱時(shi)(shi)間。因此,實(shi)驗(yan)室電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)通常情況(kuang)下,不要經常切斷(duan)電(dian)源。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):按下ON/OFF鍵(jian),接通顯(xian)示器(qi),等待儀器(qi)自檢。當顯(xian)示器(qi)顯(xian)示零(ling)時(shi)(shi),自檢過(guo)程結(jie)束,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)可進(jin)行(xing)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)置稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)(zhi),按顯(xian)示屏(ping)兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵(jian)去(qu)皮,待顯(xian)示器(qi)顯(xian)示零(ling)時(shi)(shi),在(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)所(suo)(suo)要稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試劑稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)完畢,按ON/OFF鍵(jian),關(guan)斷(duan)顯(xian)示器(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。