一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤是(shi)用來稱量物(wu)(wu)體重(zhong)量的(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器(qi)，它有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)原理：1、機械式天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤原理：機械式天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)托(tuo)(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，它的(de)(de)工作原理主要利用的(de)(de)是(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)原理，確切來說(shuo)，托(tuo)(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)利用的(de)(de)是(shi)等(deng)臂杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原理，天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)橫梁就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)一個杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)，在杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)一小盤，左(zuo)端(duan)放物(wu)(wu)體、右(you)端(duan)放砝(fa)碼(ma)，杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)中央裝(zhuang)有(you)指針(zhen)，兩(liang)端(duan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時(shi)，兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量（重(zhong)量）相等(deng)，根據(ju)砝(fa)碼(ma)的(de)(de)重(zhong)量即可得知物(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)重(zhong)量。2、電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤原理：電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)原理和托(tuo)(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)不同，它利用的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)磁力(li)補(bu)償平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原理，實(shi)質(zhi)也是(shi)一種(zhong)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)，只是(shi)在杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)(de)一端(duan)采用了電(dian)磁力(li)，當稱盤上(shang)(shang)加載稱物(wu)(wu)m2時(shi)，杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)偏(pian)離零位(wei)，此時(shi)零位(wei)指示(shi)器(qi)有(you)偏(pian)差信(xin)號(hao)產生，經過放大器(qi)和調(diao)節器(qi)等(deng)一系列(lie)轉換后(hou)，使線圈的(de)(de)電(dian)流I增大，電(dian)磁力(li)矩(ju)右(you)也將一起增大，杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)回到原來平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位(wei)置，即天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)零位(wei)，最后(hou)把電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)處(chu)理成(cheng)為數(shu)字信(xin)號(hao)，數(shu)顯(xian)在顯(xian)示(shi)屏上(shang)(shang)。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)平(ping)秤是(shi)用(yong)(yong)來測量(liang)物體重量(liang)的(de)衡器(qi)，它(ta)的(de)主要作用(yong)(yong)就是(shi)稱一(yi)些(xie)小計(ji)量(liang)物品，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于科研機構(gou)、學校實(shi)驗室、藥店等場所，根據不同(tong)的(de)精度可分為普通天(tian)平(ping)、精密天(tian)平(ping)和分析天(tian)平(ping)；除此(ci)之外，一(yi)些(xie)計(ji)量(liang)部門(men)、商檢部門(men)也會用(yong)(yong)天(tian)平(ping)秤來檢查或校準砝碼，這(zhe)種稱為檢定天(tian)平(ping)。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機械天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：（1）將托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)，游碼(ma)(ma)指(zhi)向紅色0刻(ke)度線(xian)。（2）調(diao)(diao)節平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)（天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)）調(diao)(diao)節零(ling)點直至(zhi)指(zhi)針(zhen)對(dui)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)央刻(ke)度線(xian)直至(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁水平(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。（小(xiao)口訣：放(fang)(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)移(yi)零(ling)調(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)調(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)反(fan)指(zhi)針(zhen)/走高端(duan)(duan)。）（3）左(zuo)托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)物(wu)(wu)，右托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)。根據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性狀，放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)玻璃器(qi)皿(min)或潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)上(shang)，事先(xian)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)同(tong)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻璃器(qi)皿(min)或紙(zhi)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，然后(hou)(hou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)待(dai)(dai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。（4）砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)用(yong)鑷(nie)子夾(jia)取(qu)，千(qian)萬不(bu)能把砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)弄濕、弄臟(zang)（這(zhe)樣會讓(rang)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)生銹，砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)質(zhi)量(liang)變(bian)大，測(ce)量(liang)結果不(bu)準(zhun)確），游碼(ma)(ma)也要(yao)(yao)用(yong)鑷(nie)子撥動(dong)。（5）添加(jia)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)從估計(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)加(jia)起，逐步(bu)減小(xiao)。托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)只(zhi)能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準(zhun)到0.1克。加(jia)減砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)并移(yi)動(dong)標(biao)尺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游碼(ma)(ma)，直至(zhi)指(zhi)針(zhen)再(zai)次對(dui)準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)央刻(ke)度線(xian)。（小(xiao)口訣：先(xian)估后(hou)(hou)測(ce)，左(zuo)物(wu)(wu)右碼(ma)(ma)，由大到小(xiao)，后(hou)(hou)移(yi)游碼(ma)(ma)）（6）過(guo)冷過(guo)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體不(bu)可放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上(shang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，應先(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)干燥器(qi)內(nei)放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)至(zhi)室溫后(hou)(hou)再(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。（7）物(wu)(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)=砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總質(zhi)量(liang)+游碼(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)(zai)標(biao)尺上(shang)所對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度值(zhi)。（M左(zuo)=M右+M游）2、電(dian)(dian)子天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)：（1）調(diao)(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)：多(duo)種天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)開(kai)機前，應觀察天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)部(bu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水泡是否(fou)位于圓環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)央，否(fou)則通(tong)過(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)(luo)栓調(diao)(diao)節，左(zuo)旋(xuan)升高，右旋(xuan)下降。（2）預熱：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)(zai)初(chu)次接通(tong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或長時間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)機時，至(zhi)少(shao)需要(yao)(yao)30分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預熱時間。因此(ci)，實驗室電(dian)(dian)子天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)常情況下，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)經常切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。（3）稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)：按下ON/OFF鍵(jian)(jian)，接通(tong)顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)，等(deng)待(dai)(dai)儀器(qi)自檢。當顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯示(shi)(shi)零(ling)時，自檢過(guo)程結束，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)可進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)；放(fang)(fang)(fang)置(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)紙(zhi)，按顯示(shi)(shi)屏兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵(jian)(jian)去皮，待(dai)(dai)顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)顯示(shi)(shi)零(ling)時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)紙(zhi)加(jia)所要(yao)(yao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試劑(ji)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)完畢，按ON/OFF鍵(jian)(jian)，關斷(duan)顯示(shi)(shi)器(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤，是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一，具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點，它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品，價格也有所不同，一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面，價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候，要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品，并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面，選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。
