耐火(huo)(huo)磚有(you)重(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)和輕質(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)分，輕質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)比(bi)重(zhong)、材質(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)分。重(zhong)質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)堿(jian)性、酸(suan)性、中(zhong)性之(zhi)分。那(nei)么，窯爐(lu)內襯怎么選用(yong)合適的耐火(huo)(huo)磚呢(ni)？

1、首(shou)先要考慮(lv)材(cai)質(zhi)，選擇什么材(cai)質(zhi)要看爐子(zi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)、侵(qin)蝕(shi)程度(du)和(he)性質(zhi)。然后再看是輕(qing)質(zhi)和(he)重質(zhi)的(de)(de)，如果(guo)是輕(qing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)，也要看溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)再選定用(yong)輕(qing)質(zhi)黏土磚(zhuan)或(huo)(huo)是輕(qing)質(zhi)高鋁磚(zhuan)，溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)大于1300℃的(de)(de)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)層，就要選莫來石聚輕(qing)磚(zhuan)或(huo)(huo)是高鋁聚輕(qing)磚(zhuan)了(le)(le)，如果(guo)直接接觸火(huo)焰就要選用(yong)剛玉莫來石聚輕(qing)磚(zhuan)或(huo)(huo)是氧(yang)化鋁空心球磚(zhuan)了(le)(le)。

2、如果是(shi)工作層，就(jiu)要考(kao)慮重質耐火磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，還是(shi)先(xian)看溫度，如果溫度在1000℃，不大于(yu)1100℃，就(jiu)選用(yong)黏土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，如果大于(yu)1200℃，就(jiu)要選擇(ze)高鋁(lv)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，當然(ran)溫度在1300-1350℃，要選擇(ze)一級高鋁(lv)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，1200℃選用(yong)二級高鋁(lv)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，或(huo)是(shi)三級高鋁(lv)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。1500℃以(yi)上(shang)就(jiu)得用(yong)剛玉耐火磚(zhuan)(zhuan)了。

3、另外(wai)要(yao)考慮到窯爐(lu)內(nei)襯是(shi)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)氛還是(shi)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)氛，酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)場就要(yao)選擇(ze)硅(gui)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。如果(guo)玻(bo)璃窯池，那就是(shi)鋯質澆注耐(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)系(xi)列。如果(guo)是(shi)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)氛要(yao)選擇(ze)堿(jian)(jian)性(xing)(xing)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)，也就是(shi)鎂質耐(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)系(xi)列。

4、還(huan)要(yao)考慮的(de)(de)(de)是設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing)尺寸，要(yao)滿足筑爐操作(zuo)還(huan)必須考慮耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)生產方(fang)便，因為耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)序是否能(neng)機壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)、耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸太長，不能(neng)機壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，手工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)強度低于機壓成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，強度低勢必影響耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。所以選擇耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)既(ji)要(yao)考慮方(fang)便筑爐操作(zuo)，又要(yao)方(fang)便耐(nai)火(huo)(huo)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)生產廠家制(zhi)造。當(dang)然，設(she)計(ji)(ji)最好(hao)用國家在(zai)標的(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號。

像鼓風(feng)爐(lu)(lu)爐(lu)(lu)身上部用(yong)黏土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)；中(zhong)部用(yong)鎂(mei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，鎂(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或鎂(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)；爐(lu)(lu)身下部及風(feng)口區溫度為1300℃用(yong)高鋁磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，單個部位(wei)在1500℃，運用(yong)條件嚴苛的(de)選用(yong)細密黏土磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，高鋁磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)或鎂(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。爐(lu)(lu)缸用(yong)鎂(mei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，鎂(mei)鉻磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)筑(zhu)。

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)密(mi)閉鼓(gu)風爐，是處理(li)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)氧化礦(kuang)或(huo)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)的新爐型(xing)，是直(zhi)接(jie)鍛煉(lian)出(chu)產(chan)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)和(he)鋅(xin)，爐缸和(he)爐腰選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)鎂鉻磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)，爐頂及(ji)與鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)霧室(shi)銜接(jie)處用(yong)(yong)致密(mi)黏(nian)土磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)，側墻用(yong)(yong)黏(nian)土結(jie)合碳化硅磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)別離室(shi)的底(di)和(he)頂用(yong)(yong)致密(mi)黏(nian)土磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)液流槽和(he)出(chu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)槽的槽底(di)，用(yong)(yong)二級高(gao)鋁耐(nai)火磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)，槽壁用(yong)(yong)鎂鉻磚(zhuan)或(huo)鉻磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)。

總之，選用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)火磚是根據(ju)不同爐型(xing)、不同溫度(du)、不同侵蝕程度(du)而選用(yong)(yong)的。