一、鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池的區別
1、安全對比
動(dong)力型鋰電池(chi)(錳酸鋰、磷酸鐵鋰)材(cai)料不同安全性有所差(cha)別,鉛酸電池(chi)技(ji)術已經相當成(cheng)熟,安全性比鋰電池(chi)高。
2、環保對比
鋰電(dian)(dian)池沒有污染,而鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池有重金(jin)屬鉛的污染。所以使(shi)用鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)動汽車還是會污染環境(jing)。
3、價格對比
市場上相同容量的品牌鋰電池價格是鉛(qian)酸電池的一倍多(duo)。這就是使用鋰電池的電動汽車價格比較貴(gui)的原因。
4、能量對比
鋰(li)電池(chi)的質(zhi)量比(bi)(bi)、體(ti)積比(bi)(bi)、能(neng)量比(bi)(bi)都高于鉛(qian)酸電池(chi)大(da)概約40%。
5、自放電率對比
鋰電池月自放(fang)電小于3%,而鉛酸電池15~30%,差別較大。
6、使用壽命對比
目前通用的磷酸鐵鋰充(chong)電(dian)1500次,沒有(you)記憶效應(ying),充(chong)電(dian)1500次后(hou)約85%的存(cun)儲能(neng)力(li),而鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)為500次左右,存(cun)儲能(neng)力(li)也會(hui)大幅(fu)下(xia)降,而且(qie)記憶效應(ying)很明顯。所(suo)以使(shi)用鋰電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)動(dong)汽車電(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用壽命會(hui)更長。
7、電壓平臺對比
鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓平臺都大(da)于3V,鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)是2V。
8、放電特性對比
簡單的(de)說同樣容量的(de)電(dian)(dian)池,大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下(xia),鋰電(dian)(dian)池要(yao)比鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池多放出來(lai)約30%的(de)電(dian)(dian)。
9、耐用性方面
鋰電(dian)池(chi)耐用性較強(qiang),耐震動性好,完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)電(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)安全固定,消耗慢,充(chong)(chong)放超過(guo)500次,并且無記(ji)憶,一(yi)般(ban)壽命(ming)在4—5年(nian)。鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般(ban)在深充(chong)(chong)深放電(dian)400次以內,有記(ji)憶,壽命(ming)在兩年(nian)左右。如果使用的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)免維(wei)護(hu)鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi),需要注意的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)其電(dian)池(chi)失水量少,使用中一(yi)般(ban)不需添加蒸餾水。
二、電動車鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池哪種好
1、鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比高:一般認為電(dian)動車(che)用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池比鋰電(dian)池要(yao)(yao)好,主要(yao)(yao)是因為鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池更安全,價格相對便宜,大眾更容易接受,最重要(yao)(yao)的(de)是鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池回收價格比鋰電(dian)池更高。
高倍率(lv)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能更(geng)好(hao):一般來說,一組鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池只要幾(ji)(ji)百塊,一組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,隨隨便便的(de)(de)就要一千多近兩千塊。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池過載(zai)能力(li)和抗沖擊能力(li)強,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車行駛中(zhong)的(de)(de)阻力(li),隨時變(bian)換,甚(shen)至(zhi)突然被停止,這時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變(bian)化很大(da)的(de)(de),在打(da)火(huo)那(nei)幾(ji)(ji)秒鐘,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達(da)兩三百安培,鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池能安然無恙,而鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池則(ze)是難(nan)望其項(xiang)背。
鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)也有(you)缺(que)點:比如重金屬容易造成環境污染;與鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比,鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)量密度更(geng)低(di);而且(qie)其(qi)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)不(bu)及鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
2、鋰電池優缺點
能效高:鋰電池(chi)無論(lun)是(shi)體(ti)積(ji)比能量(liang)(liang),還是(shi)重量(liang)(liang)比能量(liang)(liang),鋰電池(chi)均比鉛酸蓄電池(chi)高出(chu)3倍以上。鋰電池(chi)體(ti)積(ji)更(geng)(geng)小、重量(liang)(liang)更(geng)(geng)輕(qing)、循(xun)環壽(shou)命長。
輕便環保:鋰電池(chi)相對(dui)輕巧,攜帶方便,而壽命相對(dui)要長(chang)很多(duo)。此(ci)外,鋰電池(chi)的高(gao)低(di)溫適應性(xing)更強,受溫度影(ying)響(xiang)因素較小,且(qie)更加綠色(se)環保。
鋰電(dian)(dian)池也有三個(ge)缺點:其安全穩定(ding)性相對而(er)言比較差,要(yao)(yao)是操作不(bu)當,很容易(yi)發(fa)生爆(bao)炸的風險。另外(wai),鋰電(dian)(dian)池不(bu)能大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)放電(dian)(dian)且生產要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)條(tiao)件高,成本更高。
以(yi)目前(qian)(qian)而(er)言,鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)市場(chang)普及率低于(yu)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)車(che),其主要的(de)因素(su)是(shi)(shi)技術的(de)不(bu)完善,鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)本(ben)仍(reng)相對偏高。因此(ci)在現有(you)“鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產(chan)品(pin)設計中,多(duo)采用(yong)減少鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量配置,來相應降低整(zheng)車(che)實(shi)施成(cheng)本(ben),而(er)這使得現有(you)“鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)”產(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)車(che)型(xing)過于(yu)單(dan)一化。比(bi)如(ru),目前(qian)(qian)市面上鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)多(duo)為“電(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)車(che)”而(er)且(qie)續(xu)程不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很遠的(de)車(che)型(xing),但是(shi)(shi)像(xiang)四輪(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che),四輪(lun)老人電(dian)(dian)(dian)動代步車(che)這些(xie)比(bi)較遠續(xu)程的(de)就目前(qian)(qian)情(qing)況還是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較適(shi)合“鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”。總之(zhi)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)哪個好,不(bu)能單(dan)純的(de)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)質量好壞而(er)論(lun),二(er)者各(ge)具優(you)劣,適(shi)應于(yu)不(bu)同的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)人群,消費者應根據自己需(xu)求(qiu)選擇。