一、鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池的區別
1、安全對比
動力型鋰(li)(li)電池(錳酸(suan)鋰(li)(li)、磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)(li))材料不同安(an)(an)全性(xing)有所差別,鉛(qian)酸(suan)電池技(ji)術(shu)已經相當成(cheng)熟,安(an)(an)全性(xing)比鋰(li)(li)電池高(gao)。
2、環保對比
鋰電(dian)(dian)池沒有污(wu)染(ran),而鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池有重金屬鉛的污(wu)染(ran)。所(suo)以使用鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車還是會污(wu)染(ran)環境。
3、價格對比
市場上相同容量的品牌鋰電池價(jia)格(ge)是鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)的一倍多(duo)。這(zhe)就是使(shi)用鋰電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)動(dong)汽車價(jia)格(ge)比較貴的原因(yin)。
4、能量對比
鋰電(dian)(dian)池的質(zhi)量比、體積比、能量比都高于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池大(da)概約40%。
5、自放電率對比
鋰(li)電池月自放電小于3%,而(er)鉛酸電池15~30%,差別較(jiao)大。
6、使用壽命對比
目前通用(yong)的磷(lin)酸鐵鋰(li)充(chong)電1500次,沒有記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)效應,充(chong)電1500次后約85%的存(cun)儲能力(li),而鉛酸電池為500次左右,存(cun)儲能力(li)也會大幅(fu)下(xia)降,而且(qie)記(ji)憶(yi)(yi)效應很明顯(xian)。所以使用(yong)鋰(li)電池的電動汽車電池使用(yong)壽命(ming)會更長。
7、電壓平臺對比
鋰(li)電(dian)池電(dian)壓平(ping)臺都大于3V,鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池是2V。
8、放電特性對比
簡單的(de)說同樣容(rong)量的(de)電(dian)池(chi),大電(dian)流放電(dian)的(de)情況下(xia),鋰電(dian)池(chi)要比鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)多放出來約30%的(de)電(dian)。
9、耐用性方面
鋰(li)電(dian)池耐用(yong)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)強,耐震動性(xing)(xing)好,完全(quan)充電(dian)狀(zhuang)態的電(dian)池安全(quan)固定,消(xiao)耗慢,充放(fang)超過500次,并且(qie)無記憶(yi)(yi),一(yi)般壽命(ming)在(zai)4—5年(nian)。鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池一(yi)般在(zai)深充深放(fang)電(dian)400次以(yi)內,有(you)記憶(yi)(yi),壽命(ming)在(zai)兩年(nian)左右(you)。如果使用(yong)的是(shi)免維護(hu)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池,需要注(zhu)意的是(shi)其(qi)電(dian)池失水量少(shao),使用(yong)中(zhong)一(yi)般不需添加蒸餾水。
二、電動車鋰電池和鉛酸蓄電池哪種好
1、鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比高(gao):一(yi)般認為(wei)電(dian)動車用鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)比鋰電(dian)池(chi)要好(hao),主(zhu)要是因為(wei)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)更安(an)全,價格相對便宜(yi),大眾更容(rong)易(yi)接受,最重要的是鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)收價格比鋰電(dian)池(chi)更高(gao)。
高倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)更好:一(yi)般來(lai)說,一(yi)組(zu)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)只要幾百塊(kuai),一(yi)組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),隨隨便(bian)便(bian)的(de)就要一(yi)千多近兩千塊(kuai)。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力和抗沖擊能(neng)(neng)(neng)力強,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車行(xing)駛中的(de)阻力,隨時變換(huan),甚至突然(ran)被停止(zhi),這時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變化很大的(de),在打火(huo)那幾秒(miao)鐘,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達兩三百安(an)培(pei),鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)安(an)然(ran)無恙(yang),而(er)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)則(ze)是難(nan)望其項背。
鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也(ye)有缺(que)點:比(bi)如重金屬容易(yi)造成(cheng)環(huan)境污染;與鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比(bi),鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能量密度更低;而(er)且其使(shi)用壽命不及鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
2、鋰電池優缺點
能效(xiao)高(gao):鋰電(dian)池無論(lun)是體(ti)(ti)積比(bi)能量,還是重(zhong)量比(bi)能量,鋰電(dian)池均比(bi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池高(gao)出3倍(bei)以上。鋰電(dian)池體(ti)(ti)積更小、重(zhong)量更輕(qing)、循環壽(shou)命長。
輕(qing)便環保:鋰(li)電池相對輕(qing)巧,攜帶方便,而壽命(ming)相對要長很多。此(ci)外,鋰(li)電池的高低溫適應(ying)性更強(qiang),受溫度影響因素(su)較小,且(qie)更加綠色(se)環保。
鋰電(dian)池也(ye)有(you)三個缺(que)點(dian):其安(an)全穩定性相對而言比較差,要是(shi)操作不當(dang),很容(rong)易發生爆炸(zha)的風(feng)險(xian)。另外,鋰電(dian)池不能大電(dian)流放電(dian)且生產(chan)要求條件(jian)高,成本更(geng)高。
以目(mu)前而(er)言,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車市(shi)場普及率低于鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)車,其主要的(de)因素是技(ji)術的(de)不(bu)完善,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本(ben)仍相(xiang)對(dui)偏高。因此(ci)在現有“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車”產品設(she)計中,多(duo)采用(yong)減少鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容量配置,來相(xiang)應降低整車實施(shi)成本(ben),而(er)這使(shi)得現有“鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車”產品之(zhi)(zhi)車型過于單一化。比如,目(mu)前市(shi)面上鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產品多(duo)為“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)單車”而(er)且續程(cheng)不(bu)是很(hen)遠的(de)車型,但是像(xiang)四輪(lun)(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車,四輪(lun)(lun)老人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)代步車這些比較遠續程(cheng)的(de)就(jiu)目(mu)前情(qing)況還是比較適合“鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)”。總之(zhi)(zhi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)哪個好(hao),不(bu)能單純(chun)的(de)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)質量好(hao)壞(huai)而(er)論,二者各具優劣,適應于不(bu)同的(de)需(xu)求人群,消費者應根據自己需(xu)求選擇(ze)。